The document discusses hormones and endocrine glands. It defines a hormone as a signaling molecule produced by glands that is transported through the circulatory system to regulate physiology and behavior in distant organs. It then provides a table summarizing the major endocrine glands, their locations in the body, and the hormones they produce, including the pituitary, testes, ovaries, pancreas, adrenals, and thyroid glands.

1. 1.Act: Define the term hormone
Hormone is any member of a class of ​signaling molecules​ produced by ​glands​ in
multicellular organisms​ that are transported by the ​circulatory system​ to target
distant organs to regulate ​physiology​ and ​behavior​.
2. Where are the endocrine glands?
Act: Build a table to summarise the hormones each gland produces. You should
include in the columns:
– Endocrine gland, Where in the body and Hormone produced in the lines: Pituitary,
testis, ovary, pancreas, adrenal and thyroid.
Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products,
hormones​, directly into the ​blood​ rather than through a duct. The major glands of the
endocrine system include the ​pineal ​gland, ​pituitary​ gland, ​pancreas​, ovaries, ​testes​,
thyroid​ gland, ​parathyroid​ gland, ​hypothalamus ​and ​adrenal​ glands.
Endocrine Gland
Pituitary The pituitary gland is called the 'master
gland' as the hormones it produces control
so many different processes in the body. It
senses the body's needs and sends signals
to different organs and glands throughout
the body to regulate their function and
maintain an appropriate environment. It
secretes a variety of hormones into the
bloodstream which act as messengers to
transmit information from the pituitary gland
to distant cells, regulating their activity.
Testis The hypothalamus and pituitary gland
control how much testosterone the testes
produce and secrete. The hypothalamus
sends a signal to the pituitary gland to
release gonadotrophic substances (follicle
stimulating hormone and luteinizing
hormone). Luteinizing hormone (LH)
stimulates testosterone production.
Ovary The ovaries produce and release eggs

2. (oocytes) into the female reproductive tract
at the mid-point of each menstrual cycle.
They also produce the female hormones
oestrogen and progesterone.
Páncreas It makes digestive juices, which consist of
powerful enzymes. These are released into
the small bowel after meals to break down
and digest food.And also It makes
hormones that control blood ​glucose​ levels.
Adrenal The adrenal glands (also known as
suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands
that produce a variety of hormones
including adrenaline and the steroids
aldosterone and cortisol. They are found
above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer
cortex which produces steroid hormones
and an inner medulla.
Thyroid The 2 main thyroid hormones are T3
(triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). T3
and T4 regulate your body's temperature,
metabolism and heart rate. The amount of
thyroid hormones secreted is controlled by
another hormone, called thyroid stimulating
hormone (TSH), which is released from the
pituitary gland in your brain.
3. Effects of insulin in the human body
Last year you studied the effect of insulin and glucagon secreted by the pancreas.
Act: Draw a flow diagram to explain the importance of insulin in the control of
glucose in blood when:
a. the levels of glucose in blood increase
b. the levels of glucose in blood decrease