This document discusses aesthetics as the branch of philosophy concerned with art and beauty. It defines key terms in aesthetics like "aesthetic experience" and explores different views on beauty and what makes something a work of art. The document also examines the role of color, form, and sensory properties in aesthetic analysis and how judgments of art involve subjective personal tastes as well as cultural and historical contexts. It provides examples of how color is used beautifully in different art forms and traditions, particularly in Philippine folk art like jeepney paintings, parol lanterns, and indigenous artworks.

1. 1

2. Lesson 3.1. The Field of Aesthetics
Lesson 3.2. Aesthetic Terms and Value
Lesson 3.3. Hierarchy of Beauty
Lesson 3.4. Western View of Beauty
Lesson 3.5. The Eastern Art and Filipino Aesthetics Worldview
MODULE 3
Aesthetics: Study of Art and Beauty
2

3. Readings
Lumen Learning. Module 1: What is Art? Simple Book Production.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-sac-artappreciation/chapter/oer-1-11/
Silverman, R. (2008). Learning About Art: A Multicultural Approach. California State University.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/masteryart1/chapter/oer-1-11/
1. Relate Arts and Aesthetics to the Field of Philosophy.
REFERENCES
Lesson 3.1. The Field of Aesthetics
3

4. Art and the Aesthetic Experience
Beauty is something we perceive and respond to. It may be a response of awe and
amazement, wonder and joy, or something else. It might resemble a “peak experience” or an
epiphany. It might happen while watching a sunset or taking in the view from a
mountaintop—the list goes on. Here we are referring to a kind of experience, an aesthetic
response that is a response to the thing’s representational qualities, whether it is man-made
or natural. The subfield of philosophy called aesthetics is devoted to the study and theory of
this experience of the beautiful; in the field of psychology, aesthetics is studied in relation to
the physiology and psychology of perception.
Chapter Overview
4

5. Aesthetic analysis is a careful investigation of the qualities which belong to objects and
events that evoke an aesthetic response. The aesthetic response is the thoughts and feelings
initiated because of the character of these qualities and the particular ways they are
organized and experienced perceptually.
The aesthetic experience that we get from the world at large is different than the art-
based aesthetic experience. It is important to recognize that we are not saying that the
natural wonder experience is bad or lesser than the art world experience; we are saying it is
different. What is different is the constructed nature of the art experience. The art
experience is a type of aesthetic experience that also includes aspects, content, and context
of our humanness. When something is made by a human– we know that there is some level
of commonality and/or communal experience.
5

6. 1
2
4
3
6
5
What makes a piece of art beautiful?
How important are personal tastes
when judging the quality of art?
6

7. Why aesthetics is only the beginning in analysing an artwork
We are also aware that beyond sensory and formal properties, all artwork is informed by its
specific time and place or the specific historical and cultural milieu it was created. For this
reason we analyse artwork through not only aesthetics, but also, historical and cultural contexts.
How we engage in aesthetic analysis
Often the feelings or thoughts evoked as a result of contemplating an artwork are initially
based primarily upon what is actually seen in the work. The first aspects of the artwork we
respond to are its sensory properties, its formal properties, and its technical properties. Color is
an example of a sensory property. Color is considered a kind of form and how form is arranged
is a formal property. What medium (e.g., painting, animation, etc.) the artwork is made of is an
example of a technical property. What do we actually see? How is what is seen organized? And,
what emotions and ideas are evoked as a result of what has been observed?
7

8. Etymology
“AESTHETICS”
GREEK
aesthesis
ENGLISH
“sensory perception” Magritte, The
False Mirror
KEY
CONCEPTS
8

9. ALEXANDER
BAUMGARTEN
(1714-1762)
Aesthetics
The word “aesthetics” was first employed by Baumgarten to mean “the
science of sensory perception.” Particularly, he used it to denote a realm
of concrete knowledge, as distinct from the abstract where content is
communicated in sensory forms.
9

10. AESTHETICS
Philosophy
of beauty
and art
Theory about the ultimate
reality of things
Nature of Beauty: Why are
beautiful things beautiful?
Essence of Art: What makes
something a work of art?
10

11. AESTHETIC
DEFINITION
is the creation
and appreciation
of BEAUTIFUL
human-made
objects.
by the artists in their creativity
by the art spectator with artistic taste
anything with a value that delights
art distinguished from nature
11

12. RELATIVE
“Beauty is in the
eye of the beholder.”
ABSOLUTE
“Beauty is in
the thing itself.”
SUBJECT OBJECT
TWO WAYS OF
CONSIDERING BEAUTY
12

13. DIVISION OF AESTHETICS
THEORY OF BEAUTY
Nature of beautiful things
THEORY OF ART
Essence of art
THEORY OF ART CRITICISM
Evaluation of the merit or
demerit of works of art
13

14. Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482
THEORY OF ART: Is this art? Why?
THEORY OF ART CRITICISM: Is this art great? Why?
Zyphers
Venus
Nymph
14

15. Model:
Simonetta
Vespucci
THEORY
OF
BEAUTY:
Is she
beautiful?
Why?
15

16. 1 2
3
4
Which among the
pictures do you consider
an artwork that gives
greater influence to
Philippine art? Explain
5
Analysis
16

17. Videos:
Pink Floyd, Brain Damage: The Dark Side of the Moon, Psychedelic Rock Music Video, 1972https://youtu.be/RC83q93PaqA
Traveller Erol. (May 1, 2020) Colorfully Designed Jeepneys | Interview with Jeepney Drivers. https://youtu.be/oB-9ex-kK6M
ABS-CBN News. (July 29, 2018). TV Patrol: 'Jeepney artists,' nais makahimok ng iba pang magtutuloy ng sining. https://youtu.be/3Y7d5MErJhQ
Piliin Mo Ang Pilipinas - Angeline Quinto and Vince Bueno. (Feb. 7, 2018). https://youtu.be/Xxn9cNY3Wc4
Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol BEHIND THE SCENES - Burj Khalifa Climb (2011) HD. https://youtu.be/16BFrEBZQS4
DD News. (Jun. 29, 2016). New way of life in Japan: Minimum possessions & maximum happiness. https://youtu.be/UY8C6ogEayI
Ian Berwick. (Jan. 1, 2016). National Anthem: Japan - 君が代 *NEW VERSION* https://youtu.be/S2Vanclvh3Q
MrExctbhj. (Aug. 22, 2017). (Rare) UNOFFICIAL anthem of Philippines (1943-1945, Under Japanese rule), https://youtu.be/hTJP84w-k78
New Michael Jackson. (August 2, 2019). Michael Jackson - Beat It (30th Anniversary Celebration) (Remastered Widescreen). https://youtu.be/SipbbUxO8FQ
Felman Murillo. (Nov. 15, 2019). CONSTANT CHANGE BY JOSE MARI CHAN. https://youtu.be/L8Cus2CZURM
TheCatLadyJ. (Sep/ 2, 2015)/ What A Wonderful World - Louis Armstrong - with Lyrics. https://youtu.be/p-T6aaRV9HY
BLOUIN ARTINFO. (Oct. 23, 2013). Rene Magritte at MoMA. https://youtu.be/bpD0F9hpd68
1. Describe Aesthetics as a Branch of Philosophy concerned with Art.
2. Enumerate the Various Terms used in Aesthetics.
REFERENCES
Resources:
Lumen Learning. Module 1: What is Art? Simple Book Production. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-sac-artappreciation/chapter/oer-1-11/
Lesson 3.2. Aesthetic Terms and Value
17

18. By using the scale (rate from 1-10) , which among the pictures gives you the most satisfying sensation?
0
5
10
Sight Touch Smell Sound Taste
Ultimate Sensation
Chart (example)
Picture 1 Picture 2
Picture 3 Picture 4
https://www.ted.co
m/talks/jinsop_lee
_design_for_all_5
_senses#t-270024
Design for all 5 Senses
1 2
4
3
18

19. The word art is often used to apply judgments of value, as in expressions like “that meal
was a work of art” (implying that the cook is an artist) or “the art of deception” (the advanced,
praiseworthy skill of deceiving). It is this use of the word as a measure of high value that gives
the term its flavor of subjectivity.
Those features of a work that contribute to its success and importance as a work of art: the
features upon which its significance or beauty supervene. They include the form,
content, integrity, harmony, purity, or fittingness of works.
19

20. Does It Have to Be Visually Pleasing or Not?
Making judgments of value requires a basis for criticism. At the simplest level, deciding
whether an object or experience is considered art is a matter of finding it to be either attractive
or repulsive. Though perception is always coloured by experience, and is necessarily
subjective, it is commonly understood that what is not somehow visually pleasing cannot be
art. However, “good” art is not always or even regularly visually pleasing to a majority of
viewers. In other words, an artist’s prime motivation need not be the pursuit of a pleasing
arrangement of form. Also, art often depicts terrible images made for social, moral, or thought-
provoking reasons.
KEY
CONCEPTS
20

21. Francisco de Goya, El Tres de Mayo, 1808 (The Third of
May, 1808). Image is in the public domain.
For example, the painting pictured above,
by Francisco Goya, depicts the Spanish
shootings on the third of May, 1808. It is a
graphic depiction of a firing squad executing
several pleading civilians. Yet at the same time,
the horrific imagery demonstrates Goya’s keen
artistic ability in composition and execution,
and it produces fitting social and political
outrage. Thus, the debate continues as to what
mode of aesthetic satisfaction, if any, is required
to define “art.” The revision of what is
popularly conceived of as being visually
pleasing allows for a re-invigoration of and a
new appreciation for the standards of art itself.
21

22. Art is often intended to appeal to and connect with human emotion. It can arouse
aesthetic or moral feelings, and can be understood as a way of communicating these
feelings. Art may be considered an exploration of the human condition or what it is to be
human.
Factors Involved in the Judgment of Art
Seeing a rainbow often inspires an emotional reaction like delight or joy. Visceral
responses such as disgust show that sensory detection is reflexively connected to facial
expressions and to behaviors like the gag reflex. Yet disgust can often be a learned or
cultural response, too; seeing a smear of soup in a man’s beard is disgusting even though
neither soup nor beards are themselves disgusting.
Artistic judgments may be linked to emotions or, like emotions, partially embodied in
our physical reactions. Seeing a sublime view of a landscape may give us a reaction of
awe, which might manifest physically as increased heart rate or widened eyes. These
unconscious reactions may partly control, or at least reinforce, our judgment in the first
place that the landscape is sublime.
22

23. Likewise, artistic judgments may be culturally conditioned to some extent. Victorians
in Britain often saw African sculpture as ugly, but just a few decades later, those same
audiences saw those sculptures as being beautiful. Evaluations of beauty may well be
linked to desirability, perhaps even to sexual desirability. Thus, judgments of art can
become linked to judgments of economic, political, or moral value. In a contemporary
context, one might judge a Lamborghini to be beautiful partly because it is desirable as a
status symbol, or we might judge it to be repulsive partly because it signifies for us over-
consumption and offends our political or moral values.
Judging the value of an artwork is often partly intellectual and interpretative. It is what
a thing means or symbolizes for us that is often what we are judging. Assigning value to
artwork is often a complex negotiation of our senses, emotions, intellectual opinions, will,
desires, culture, preferences, values, subconscious behavior, conscious decision, training,
instinct, sociological institutions, and other factors.
23

24. CATEGORIES OF VALUE
LOGICAL
ETHICAL
AESTHETIC
True and False
Good and Bad
Beautiful and Ugly
24

25. AESTHETICS VALUES
BEAUTIFUL
Delights
UGLY
Glooms
Wow!
Walastik!
Hanep!
Yak!
Eww!
Sus!
25

26. AESTHETIC VALUES ACCORDING TO THE SENSES
SENSES SENSING: Sense-Data FORMS OF ART
EYE
SEEING: Color,
Shape, Size, Motion
VISUAL ART: Painting,
Sculpture, Architecture,
Dance, Drama
EARS HEARING: Sound AUDITORY ART: Music, Drama
NOSE SMELLING: Odor
OLFACTORY ART:
Perfume Making
TONGUE TASTING: Taste CULINARY ART: Cooking
SKIN
TOUCHING: Texture,
Shape, Size, Motion
TACTILE ART:
Sculpture, Lovemaking
IMAGI-
NATION
IMAGINING: Images
IMAGINATIVE ART:
Literature, Drama 26

27. AESTHETIC VALUES ACCORDING TO THE SENSES
SENSE-DATA BEAUTIFUL UGLY
COLOR Picturesque Blur
SHAPE Pretty Grotesque
SIZE Cute Piquant
MOTION Graceful Awkward
SOUND Lovely Droll
ODOR Fragrant Foul
TASTE Delicious Pungent
TOUCH Pleasant Harsh
IMAGE Fantastic Ridiculous 27

28. PICTURESQUE
Beautiful Color
Pink Floyd, Brain Damage:
The Dark Side of the Moon,
Psychedelic Rock Music
Video, 1972
https://youtu
.be/RC83q93
PaqA
28

29. Kandinsky, Color Composition
Mondrian,
Composition with
Red, Yellow and
Blue, 1924
PICTURESQUE Beautiful Color
Malevich
White on
White
1924
BLUR Ugly Color
29

30. PICTURESQUE: Rainbow:
Beautiful Color in Nature
Amorsolo, Sunset
ROMANTIC REALISM
Van Gogh, Sunset in the Wheatfield
EXPRESSIONISM
Lichtenstein, Sinking Sun
POP ART
Monet, Venice at Twilight
IMPRESSIONISM EMOTIONAL EFFECT OF COLOR
Munch, “Scream” 1894
30

31. FILIPINO
SENSE OF BEAUTY
The colorful is
beautiful.
31

32. HORROR VACUI AND THE PINOY INCLINATION
FOR FILLING UP EVERY INCH OF SPACE
By Gregg S. Lloren
Horror Vacui – a Latin expression which means “fear of emptiness”
✓ is a design principle where a preference in design and arrangements (organization) tend to
favor occupying every available spaces with objects and elements rather than leaving the
spaces empty.
• So to speak, it is the opposite of minimalism. The term has multiple applications across
various disciplines and is purported to date back to the time of, and principles posited by,
Aristotle.
• Nonetheless,, it is applied principally to describe an art style and design that leaves little or no
space. Further to this application, the principle is also oftentimes employed in a
variation of
commercial media, say, newspapers,
comic books, and websites.
32

33. HORROR VACCUI:
Fear of Empty Space
33

34. Horror Vacui
Oil on Canvas Painting by
Alfonso Ossorio
34

35. COLORFUL DESIGN IN PHILIPPINE FOLK ART
35

36. PICTURESQUE
Beautiful Color in
Philippine Art
https://youtu.
be/3Y7d5MEr
JhQ
https://yo
utu.be/oB-
9ex-kK6M
36

37. 37

38. 38

39. 39

40. COLORFUL
ART OF THE
PAROL
Lanterns
made of
capiz shells
with twikling
light design
40

41. COLORFUL PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS ART
Vinta
Badjao
Art
41

42. Sarimanok Design
Maranao Art
42

43. Tinalak, Tiboli Art
Tiboli Woman
Weaving Tinala’k,
(Dreamweaver)
Tinalak
Clothes
Nike Shoes with Tinala’k Design
43

44. COLORFUL COSTUMES
ACCESSORIES AND DECORATION
44

45. COLORFUL BANDERITAS
DURING PHILIPPINE FIESTA
PAHIYAS FESTIVAL, LUCBAN QUEZON
SINULOG FESTIVAL, CEBU CITY
KADAYAWAN FESTIVAL, DAVAO
PENAGBENGA FESTIVAL, BAGUIO
CITY
DINANGYANG FESTIVAL,
ILOILO
ATI-ATIHAN FESTIVAL, KALIBO
AKLAN
MASSKARA FESTIVAL,
BACOLOD
TINALAK FESTIVAL, SOUTH COTABATO
THE COLORFUL IS
BEAUTIFUL
Piliin Mo ang Pilipinas
Angeline Quinto
Music Video
2012
https://yout
u.be/Xxn9cN
Y3Wc4
45

46. PRETTY
Beautiful Shape
GROTESQUE
Ugly Shape
46

47. THE BEAUTIFUL SHAPE OF A DOME
St.Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City House of Congress, Washington D.C. Taj Mahal, Agra India
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul Turkey
Sydney Opera House, Australia
47

48. Ingres, The Grande Odalisque
Sexy beautiful shape of the female body
Ingres, The Odalisque with a Lute Player
Juan Luna, The Odalisque
Mucha
Absinthe Robette
1901
STYLE
Art Nouveau
48

49. GROTESQUE Ugly Shape
Venus of
Willendorf,
35,000 BC
Grotesque
Face
Leonardo,
Grotesque
Faces, 1492
49

50. CUTE
Beautiful Size
PIQUANT
Ugly Size
50

51. GREEK AND WESTERN SENSE OF BEAUTY
The big is beautiful.
Statue of Zeus
435 BC, 40 ft. high
Colossus of Rhodes
280 BC, 100 ft. high
Statue of Liberty, 1886
305 ft. high
51

52. THE TALLEST BUILDINGS IN THE WORLD
Pyramid
of Kufu
Egypt,
420 ft.
Empire
State
Building,
New York
1,250 ft.
Sears
Tower,
Chicago,
1,450 ft.
Taipei
101,
Taiwan,
1,666 ft
Burj
Khalifa,
Dubai,
2,772 ft.
52

53. Burj Khalifa
Dubai
2,772 feet high
163 Floors
Scene from the
Making of Mission
Impossible: Ghost
Protocol, 2011
https://you
tu.be/16BF
rEBZQS4
PBCom Tower
Ayala Makati City
790 feet high
55 floors
TALLEST BUILDING
IN THE
PHILIPPINES
53

54. BONSAI
Miniature Tree in a Pot
JAPANESE SENSE OF BEAUTY
The small is beautiful.
Folded from a piece of
plastic film measuring
0.1 x 0.1 mm by Naito
Akira in 2004
SMALLEST ORIGAMI
54

55. HAIKU
Japanese short poem
composed of 3 lines
with 17 syllables
An old, silent pond…
A frog jumps into the pond,
Splash! Silence again.
(Basho Matsuo) I walk across sand
And find myself blistering
In the hot, hot sun.
55

56. JAPANESE SENSE OF BEAUTY
The less is beautiful
MINIMALISM
Use of least number of elements
ZEN PAINTING
Landscape
ZEN PAINTING
Circle
ZEN PAINTING
Bamboo
ZEN PAINTING
River
ZEN PAINTING
Monk Meditating
ZEN BUDDHISM
AND MINIMALISM
The cause of suffering in
life is attachment to material
things. The lesser the
possessions, the lesser the
suffering. So the secret to
happiness is living a simple life.
Video 3.2.
https://yout
u.be/UY8C6
ogEayI
56

57. 君が代は
千代に八千代に
さざれ（細）石の
いわお（巌）となりて
こけ（苔）の生すまで
KIMIGAYO
Waka Poem
794 AD
Kimigayo wa
Chiyo ni yachiyo ni
Sazare-ishi no
Iwao to narite
Koke no musu made
May your reign
Continue for a thousand,
Eight thousand generations,
Until the pebbles
Grow into boulders
Lush with moss
https://yo
utu.be/S2
Vanclvh3
Q
National Anthem of Japan
I
NOTE: During Japanese rule, the
official anthem was "Diwa ng
Bayan" which was the same
melody as "Lupang Hinirang"
which was sung in Tagalog in
public. This is an UNOFFICIAL
anthem of the Japanese
Philippines, proposed in
December 1943. Audio
remastered by me, Mrexctbhj.
Title: "Song of Philippines'
independence(" 菲 律 賓 独 立 の
歌”） The song has no English,
nor Tagalog version. Only sung in
Japanese.
Philippine National Anthem
1943 WWII
https://yo
utu.be/hTJ
P84w-k78
In the shining bright daylight
Now the Philippines is rising
To be good the majestic country
built
Rizal shed blood
You can get it right
Country's Flowers Sampagita
Now is the time to be proud
Country's Flowers Sampagita
Now is the time to be proud
Celebrate the day of founding
People are reborn
In the meantime thousands of
blood tears
Laurel will continue
Become a dreamer
Praise and the day of history
Divergence I hope
Praise and the day of history
Divergence I hope 57

58. GRACEFUL
Beautiful
Motion
Michael
Jackson
Beat It
1986
https://yo
utu.be/Sip
bbUxO8FQ
58

59. LOVELY Beautiful sound
DROLL Ugly sound
FLOWING EFFECT
(Continuous Sound)
Jose Mari Chan,
Constant Change
Louis Armstrong,
It’s a Wonderful
World
TREMBLING EFFECT
TREMOLO OR VIBRATO
(Vibrating Sound)
TIMBRE OF THE HUMAN VOICE https://you
tu.be/L8Cu
s2CZURM
https://you
tu.be/p-
T6aaRV9HY
59

60. KAMA SUTRA
Art of Pleasure
PLEASANT
Beautiful Touch
60

61. FANTASTIC Beautiful Image and RIDICULOUS Ugly Image
Dali, The Dream
Jacek Yerka, Quiet Balance Jacek Yerka, Brontosaurus Civitas 61

62. Magritte
Fine Realities
1964
FANTASTIC OR
RIDICULOUS
IMAGES?
Surrealist
Rene Magritte,
Documentary
2013
https://you
tu.be/bpD0
F9hpd68
62

63. Videos
KWolf93Garou. (May 2, 2009). Charlie Chaplin's The Tramp with benny hill theme.
https://youtu.be/DJ4opMyIU-w
Blanco, F. (Mar. 7, 2014). 10000 Japanese singing Beethoven's Ode to Joy in Osaka Japan - Oda a la alegria.
https://youtu.be/Ayw4l58IWb8
Gemtracker. (Dec, 20, 2013). Ode of Joy - Robert Bennigton.
https://youtu.be/s9JufoSaeHs
1. Measure the Arts Based on the Perception by the Senses.
REFERENCES
Resources
Suojanen, M. (2016). Aesthetic experience of beautiful and ugly persons: a critique. Journal of Aesthetic and Culture.
Vol 8, 2016, Issue 1. Taylor Francis Online.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3402/jac.v8.30529
Lesson 3.3. Hierarchy of Beauty
63

64. I.
It was six men of Indostan
To learning much inclined,
Who went to see the Elephant
(Though all of them were
blind),
That each by observation
Might satisfy his mind.
II.
The First approached the
Elephant,
And happening to fall
Against his broad and sturdy
side,
At once began to bawl:
"God bless me!—but the
Elephant
Is very like a wall!"
III.
The Second, feeling of the tusk,
Cried: "Ho!—what have we here
So very round and smooth and
sharp?
To me 't is mighty clear
This wonder of an Elephant
Is very like a spear!"
IV.
The Third approached the
animal,
And happening to take
The squirming trunk within his
hands,
Thus boldly up and spake:
"I see," quoth he, "the Elephant
Is very like a snake!"
THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT.
A HINDOO FABLE.
V.
The Fourth reached out his eager
hand,
And felt about the knee.
"What most this wondrous beast
is like
Is mighty plain," quoth he;
"'T is clear enough the Elephant
Is very like a tree!"
VI.
The Fifth, who chanced to touch
the ear,
Said: "E'en the blindest man
Can tell what this resembles
most;
Deny the fact who can,
This marvel of an Elephant
Is very like a fan!"
64

65. VII.
The Sixth no sooner had begun
About the beast to grope,
Than, seizing on the swinging tail
That fell within his scope,
"I see," quoth he, "the Elephant
Is very like a rope!"
VIII.
And so these men of Indostan
Disputed loud and long,
Each in his own opinion
Exceeding stiff and strong,
Though each was partly in the right,
And all were in the wrong!
MORAL.
So, oft in theologic wars
The disputants, I ween,
Rail on in utter ignorance
Of what each other mean,
And prate about an Elephant
Not one of them has seen!
In your own opinion, which among your senses can
describe beauty better? Why? What moral lesson can
you relate from your answer?
65

66. The question of whether or not beauty exists in nature is a philosophical problem. In
particular, there is the question of whether artworks, persons, or nature has aesthetic qualities.
Most people say that they care about their own beauty. Moreover, they judge another person's
appearance from an aesthetic point of view using aesthetic concepts. However, aesthetic
judgements are not objective in the sense that the experience justifies their objectivity.
If there are no aesthetic qualities in the world, nobody can judge someone beautiful or ugly
without oppression. Aesthetic judgement is exercise of power.
66

67. Aesthetics examines the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of
beauty. Non-Western cultures have also created their own unique aesthetics, which exists in
many different forms and styles. However, it is not easy to say what is beautiful or ugly. People
have different opinions and judgements about what is beautiful or ugly. You may think that
Salvador Dalí's paintings are great. Nevertheless, it has been argued that aesthetic perception, or
experience, is objective in the sense that aesthetic qualities belong to natural phenomena, human
persons, and artworks. According to that argument, non-aesthetic and aesthetic qualities exist in
an object, and they can be experienced.
KEY
CONCEPTS
67

68. The Earl of Shaftesbury wrote in 1711 that “we cannot deny the common sense of
beauty.” David Hume, however, disagreed and thought that beauty is not a feature that
belongs to reality independent of feeling and sentiment. For David Hume, a Scottish
philosopher (1711-1776)
“there is no beauty or ugliness inherent in paintings, novels, or fashion models.
Therefore, the relationship of experience to aesthetic qualities leads to a challenging
problem, which can be expressed in the question of whether there are beautiful or ugly
persons in the world.”
If there are no aesthetic qualities in the world, nobody can perceive someone to be
beautiful or ugly without arriving at the contradiction. Those in power reflect their own
aesthetic values to people and art in general.
Plato thought that beautiful objects have harmony or unity in their parts. Similarly,
Aristotle considered that the features of beauty are order and symmetry.
68

69. Dalagang
Pilipina in
Amorsolo’s
Painting
Nikki Zeiring,
International
Supermodel
Vogue
Magazine
2001
A Samburo
Woman from
Kenya, Africa
Simonneta
Vespucci in the
Venus Paintings
by Botticelli
Who among them do you consider beautiful and ugly?
69

70. Durer
Self-Portrait
1500
Van Gogh
Self-Portrait
1886
Tom Cruise,
Hollywood
Actor Time
Magazine
2003
Leonardo
Grotesque
Face of
Scaramuccia
1492
70

71. 8. SCARRY glooms and fears
9. HORRIBLE glooms and saddens
10. BIZARRE glooms and entertains
11. POIGNANT glooms and attracts
12. PERVERSE glooms and impresses
13. RUSTIC glooms and awes
14. PATHETIC purely glooms
1. SUBLIME purely delights
2. GRAND delights and awes
3. ELEGANT delights and impresses
4. CHARMING delights and attracts
5. COMIC delights and entertains
6. TRAGIC delights and saddens
7. TERRIBLE delights and fears
According to art critics, there are
14 DEGREES OF AESTHETIC VALUES
B
E
A
U
T
Y
U
G
L
Y
71

72. SCARRY
Glooms
and fears
Larry Alcala, Splice of Life
COMIC Delights and Entertains
COMIC
CHARLIE CHAPLIN The Tramp
https://y
outu.be/
DJ4opMyI
U-w
BIZARRE
Glooms and
Entertains
Sotein Carcass
of Beef, 1925
Sotein, Mad Woman 1922
Sotein, Woman in Red, 1922 72

73. Damien Hirst ,This little piggy went to market,
this little piggy stayed at home (1996),
INSTALLATION ART
Damien Hirst ,This little piggy went to market,
this little piggy stayed at home (1996),
INSTALLATION ART
Hirst God Alone
Knows, 2007
Kalo, My Birth, 1932
Gericault, After Death, 1721
RUSTIC Glooms and awes SUBLIME Purely delights
Bernini, Ecstasy of St. Therese, 1592
73

74. GRAND
Delights and awes
Beethoven
Choral: Ode to Joy
From the Ninth Symphony
Performed by Choir and
Orchestra of 10,000 Members
Osaka, Japan
2014
Comic
Version
https://yout
u.be/Ayw4l5
8IWb8
https://you
tu.be/oWG
ZdYNpaSo
74

75. Readings
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2020). Beauty.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/beauty/
SlideShare. (2011). A concise history of western art.
https://www.slideshare.net/spiller37/a-concise-history-of-western-art
1. Classify the Western View of Beauty in Art According to its Time Period.
REFERENCES
Lesson 3.4. Western View of Beauty
75

76. The nature of beauty is one of the most enduring and controversial
themes in Western philosophy, and is—with the nature of art—one of
the two fundamental issues in philosophical aesthetics. Beauty has
traditionally been counted among the ultimate values, with goodness,
truth, and justice. It is a primary theme among ancient Greek,
Hellenistic, and medieval philosophers, and was central to eighteenth
and nineteenth-century thought.
76

77. The concept of beauty is also a complex topic since antiquity, and this is especially true
when tracing the cultural trajectory of our relationship with beauty. Western and Eastern
artists tend for instance to use different perspectives to represent the visual world, both in the
geometric and in a metaphorical sense.
Viewers from different cultures and social groups may have distinct aesthetic
experiences to the same visual displays. Cultural differences might explain why beauty is
attributed to some things, but not to others. Aesthetic processing can only be understood, if it
is also seen as being embedded in cultural contexts and being modulated by social
conditions.
77

78. KEY
CONCEPTS
78

79. 79

80. 80

81. 81

82. 82

83. 83

84. 84

85. 85

86. 86

87. 87

88. 88

89. 89

90. 90

91. 91

92. 92

93. 93

94. 94

95. 95

96. 96

97. 97

98. 98

99. 99

100. Readings
Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications. (2014). Introduction to Aesthetics of Everyday Life: East and
West. https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1449&context=phil_fac
Wikipedia. (2020). Arts in the Philippines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines
Jocano, Landa F (2001). “Aesthetic Dimension,” in Filipino Worldview, Quezon City: PUNLAD Research House,
2001. pp.135-144.
Mercado, L. (1994). Kagandahan: Beauty vis-a-vis Truth and Good. The Filipino Mind: Philippine Philosophical
Studies II. Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series III, Asia, Volume 8.
http://www.crvp.org/publications/Series-III/III-8.pdf
Videos
Maganda kaba???- https://youtu.be/GYar6rGbukM
1. Classify the Eastern View of Beauty and the Filipino Sense of Art According
to its Time Period.
2. Create an art work of Filipino sense of beauty and Japanese sense of beauty
REFERENCES
Lesson 3.5. The Eastern Art and Filipino Aesthetics Worldview
100

101. Did you know that painting started from prehistoric men?
Early Paintings
Prehistoric men used:
red ochre
black pigment
Often showed hunting scenes of man chasing various animals
were drawn on the walls of caves, blocks of stones, etc.
Some are found in China.
101

103. Since Eastern aesthetics is traditionally concerned with the art of living, Eastern philosophers
may prefer to use the term "living' Aesthetics" or "Aesthetics of Living." "Everyday life" tends to
designate only an aspect of human existence, while "the Art of Living" acknowledges the
presence of the aesthetic throughout human experiences.
This amounts to saying that there is a deep-rooted tradition of living aesthetics in the East.
Whether it is Chinese literary art or folk art, Japanese chado or gardening, or Korean porcelain or
folk painting, all are part of the artistic expression of living aesthetics. For that matter, aesthetic
traditions as such in many cultures have been passed on, without discontinuity, since ancient
times, and today these traditions have undergone a creative transformation with heightened
attention to living aesthetics in everyday life experiences.
103

104. More importantly, Chinese Confucian/Taoist aesthetics and Indian Zen
aesthetics, among others, are essential sources of living aesthetics in East
Asian cultures. The same can be said of aestheticians from the East, who
believe that Chinese, Japanese and Korean traditional aesthetics offer a
"prototype" of living aesthetics. For example, it is important to note that,
living aesthetics, or the idea of artful life, constitutes the fundamental
paradigm of Chinese classical aesthetics, whose primary sources are
Confucian aesthetics and Taoist aesthetics, with Zen aesthetics as a later
addition.
104

105. What is the relationship between beauty and truth, as well as between beauty and the good?
We know from scholastic philosophy that beauty, together with one, being, good, and truth are
transcendentals such that they are interchangeable. So what is beautiful is truth, is good, is
being, is one.
However, thought is concrete. Can a concrete way of thinking also be metaphysical? If
being is one of the transcendentals, the Philippine languages have no perfect translation for
being. Likewise, being is not the main concern of Filipino thought. Is kagandahan (beauty) also
interchangeable with the other transcendentals in Filipino thought? What are the educational and
pastoral applications of beauty?
We said elsewhere that aesthetics has two views on beauty: beauty as dualistic and beauty as
non-dualistic. Beauty as dualistic stems from individualism. Western art, which in general
stresses the individual, has man as the focus of its art. We said “in general” because there are
also Western philosophers who espouse the non-dualistic view. This is not the case of Oriental
art (such as Chinese paintings) where man is just part of the picture. The Filipino shares the non-
dualistic way of looking at beauty, wherein he and the object ideally become one.
Filipino Aesthetics Worldview
105

106. Country
JAPAN
Painting Subjects
1. scenes from everyday life
2. narrative scenes crowded
with figures and details
CHINA
1. flowers and birds
2. landscapes
3. palaces and temples
4. human figures
5. animals
6. bamboos and stones
KOREA
1. landscape paintings
2. Minhwa (the traditional
folk painting)
3. four gracious plants
(plum blossoms,
orchids or wild
orchids,
chrysanthemums, and
bamboo)
4. bamboo
5. portraits
Important Aspects in East Asian Painting
Landscape painting was
regarded as the highest form
of Chinese painting.
Three concepts of Chinese arts:
a. Heaven
b. Earth
c. Humankind (Yin-Yang)
What are the
Painting
Subjects of East
Asian
countries?
KEY
CONCEPTS

107. Light / Bright / Sun
Strong / Assertive
Dry / Hot / Fire
Male
Positive Charge
Heaven
Spring and Summer
Dark / Moon
Recessive / Nurturing
Damp / Cool / Water
Female
Negative Charge
Earth
Autumn and Winter
Yang
Yin
Toah
Korea
Shutou Sansui-zu Sesshu
(Winter landscape)
Japan
Shen Zhou
(Poet on Mountain)
China

108. Important Aspects in East Asian Painting
➢ Silk was often used as the medium to paint upon, but it was quite expensive.
➢ Cai Lun invented paper in the 1st century A.D.
➢ The invention of paper provided not only a cheap and widespread medium for writing, but
painting became more economical.
➢ The ideologies of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism played important roles in East Asian
art.
➢ Chinese art expresses the human understanding of the relationship between nature and humans.
➢ The history of Korean painting dates to 108 C.E., when it appears as an independent form.
➢ It is said that until the Joseon Dynasty the primary influence of Korean paintings were Chinese
paintings.
➢ Mountains and water are important features in Korean landscape painting because it is a site for
building temples and buildings.
➢ Landscape painting represents both a portrayal of nature itself and a codified illustration of the
human view of nature and the world.

109. Calligraphy
➢ Painting is closely related to calligraphy among the
Chinese people. What is calligraphy?
➢ To the Chinese, calligraphy is the art of beautiful
handwriting.
➢ Traditional painting involves essentially the same
techniques as calligraphy and is done with a brush dipped
in black or colored ink; oils are not used.
➢ In calligraphy, the popular materials which paintings are
made of are paper and silk.
➢ Poets write their calligraphy on their paintings.
Paintings can be mounted on scrolls, such
as hanging or hand scrolls, album sheets,
walls, lacquerware, folding screens, and
other media
Cangjie
- is the legendary inventor of Chinese writing
- got his ideas from observing animals’ footprints and birds’
claw marks on the sand as well as other natural phenomena

110. Architecture
➢ Why do temples and buildings in China, Japan, and Korea have
sweeping roofs?
➢ East Asian temples and houses have sweeping roofs because they
believe that it will protect them from the elements of water, wind,
and fire.
➢ Buddhists believed that it helped ward off evil spirits which were
deemed to be straight lines.
➢ The figures at the tips are called roof guards.
Main Types of Roofs
➢ Straight-inclined- are more economical for common Chinese
architecture
➢ Multi-inclined- roofs with two or more sections inclined are used
for residences of wealthy Chinese
➢ Sweeping- have curves that rise at the corners of the roofs
- usually reserved for temples and palaces

111. Woodblock Printing
➢ Woodblock printing is a technique for printing text, images, or
patterns used widely throughout East Asia.
➢ It originated in China as a method of printing on textiles but
eventually became a method for printing on paper.
➢ This method was adapted in Japan during the Edo period (1603
– 1867) and became one of their oldest and most highly
developed visual arts.
➢ The most common theme in Japan for printmaking describes
scenes from everyday life. It narrates the scene and is often
packed with figures and detail.
The Great Wave
Off Kanagawa
Kanagawa-oki
Nami-ura
Japan
Ukiyo-e
➢ Japanese for “pictures of the floating world”
➢ the best known and most popular style of
Japanese art
➢ related to the style of woodblock print
making that shows scenes of harmony and
carefree everyday living

112. Theatrical Performances
Paintings in East Asia do not only apply on paper, silk and wood.
Face Painting (Uses their faces as the canvass for painting.)
1. Kabuki / Kesho (Japan)
-is already in itself an interpretation of the actor’s own role through the medium of the
facial features
2. Peking Opera /(Jingju Lianpu (China)
-is done with different colors in accordance with the performing characters’ personality
and historical assessment
-Hero type characters are normally painted in relatively simple colors.
-Enemies, bandits, rebels and others have more complicated designs on their faces.
-It is a traditional special way of make-up in Chinese operas in pursuit of the expected
effect of performance.
-Originally, Lianpu is called the false mask.
3. Mask painting (Korea)
-called tal or t’al
-originated with religious meaning just like the masks of other countries which also have
religious or artistic origins
-Korea has a rich history of masks.
* They use it in funeral services to help banish evil spirits and theatre plays dating
back to the prehistoric age.
-Masks were also used for shamanistic rites.

113. Meaning of Colors for Face Painting (China)
Guan Ju
Red indicates
devotion,courage,
bravery, uprightness,
and loyalty.
Huang Pang
Yellow signifies
fierceness, ambition,
and cool-
headedness.
Zhu Wen
A green face tells the
audience that the
character is not only
impulsive and violent,
he also lacks self-
restraint.
Zhang Fei
Black symbolizes roughness
and fierceness. The
black face indicates
either a rough and bold
character or an impartial
and selfless personality.
Lian Po
Purple stands for
uprightness and cool-
headedness. While a
reddish purple face
indicates a just and
noble character.
Cao Cao
White suggests treachery,
suspiciousness and
craftiness. It is
common to see the
white face of the
powerful villain on
stage.
Jiang Gan
-The clown or chou in Chinese Opera has
special makeup patterns called
xiaohualian (the petty painted face).
-Sometimes a small patch of chalk is
painted around the nose to show a
mean and secretive character.
-At times, the xiaohualian is also painted on
a young page or jesting to enliven up
the performance.
NOTE:
Gold and silver colors are usually
used for gods and spirits.

114. Kabuki Makeup / Kesho of Japan
Types of Kabuki Makeup
1. Standard Makeup
- applied to most actors
2. Kumadori Makeup
- applied to villains and heroes
Colors in Kabuki Makeup
-It is composed of very dramatic lines and shapes using colors that represent certain qualities.
Dark Red
- passion or anger
Dark Blue
- depression or sadness
Pink
- youth
Black
- fear
Light Green
- Calm
Purple
- nobility

115. The Roles of Colors in Korean Masks
Black, Red, and White
bright and vibrant colors that help
establish the age and race of the figure
* Some masks have moving parts like winking or shifting eyes and moving mouths.
* To further add to the lifelike features of the masks, black fabric is draped from the top of the mask over the
wearer's head to simulate hair.
Half Red and Half White Mask
symbolize the idea that the wearer
has two fathers, Mr. Red and Mr.
White
Dark-faced Mask
indicates that the character was born of
an adulterous mother

116. Paper Arts, Knot tying and Kite flying
❖ What are the paper arts of China, Japan, and Korea? Who invented paper?
❖ Paper has a great function in the development of arts not only in East Asia but all over the world.
❖ Paper was first invented by Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China.
❖ It is indeed one of the greatest contributions of ancient China in the development of arts.

117. Paper Arts of China
The earliest document showing paper folding is a picture of a small paper
boat in an edition of Tractatus de Sphaera Mundi from 1490 by Johannes de
Sacrobosco.
Burning of Yuanbao
❖ In China, traditional funerals include burning yuanbao which is a folded
paper that look like gold nuggets or ingots called Sycee.
❖ is also used for other ceremonial practices
❖ is commonly done at their ancestors’ graves during the Ghost Festival
Sycee
❖ Is a type of silver or gold ingot currency used in China until the 20th
century
❖ The name is derived from the Cantonese words meaning “fine silk”
❖ The gold paper is/was folded to look like a sycee.
❖ Today, imitation gold sycees are used as a symbol of prosperity by
Chinese and are frequently displayed during Chinese New Year.

118. Origami
❖ Came from ori meaning “folding” and kami meaning “paper”
❖ is the traditional Japanese art of paper folding
❖ started in the 17th century A.D. and was popularized internationally in the mid-1900s
❖ Goal: To transform a flat sheet of paper into a finished sculpture through folding and
sculpting techniques without cutting as much as possible
Paper Crane
Paper crane
is the best known Japanese origami.

119. Paper Cutting
❖ Usually symmetrical in design when unfolded
❖ adapts the 12 animals of the Chinese Zodiac as themes and motifs
❖ mostly chooses the red color
❖ The process of paper cutting is aided by a pair of scissors or knife and
other sharp flat cutters.
❖ Chinese Buddhists believe that hanging “Window Flowers” or decorative
paper cuttings attract good luck and drive away evil spirits.
❖ Jianzhi is the first type of paper cutting design, since paper was invented
by the Chinese. The cut outs are also used to decorate doors and windows.
They are sometimes referred to as chuāng huā, meaning “window flower.”

120. Kite Making
❖ A kite is an assembled or joined aircraft that was traditionally made of silk or paper
with a bowline and a resilient bamboo.
❖ Today, kites can be made out of plastic.
❖ Kites are flown for recreational purposes, display of one’s artistic skills.
❖ Chinese kites originated in Wei Fang, Sandong.
❖ According to Joseph Needham, kite is one of the important contributions of
Chinese in science and technology.
Categories of Chinese Kites
1. Centipede kites
2. Hard-winged kites
3. Soft-winged kites
4. Flat kites

121. Knot Tying
❖ In Korea, decorative knot work is known as maedeup or called dorae or double
connection knot, often called Korean knot work or Korean knots.
❖ Zhongguo is the Chinese decorative handicraft art that began as a form of Chinese
folk art in theTang and Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) in China.
❖ In Japan, knot tying is called hanamusubi. It emphasizes on braids and focuses on
individual knots.

122. ANALYSIS OF AESTHETIC TERMS
ACCORDING TO FILIPINO
ANTHROPOLOGY
COVAR
JOCANO
Pagkataong Filipino and the
Concepts of Labas and Loob
Filipino Aesthetic Worldview
The Beautiful Personhood
(Ang Magandang Pagkatao) Filipino Worldview:
Ethnography of Local
Knowledge, 2001
By F. Landa Jocano
Filipino Anthropologist
ANTHROPOLOGICAL
THEORY
Historical Particularism
Cultural Relativism
Cognitive Theory
122

123. A way people look at the universe
People’s picture of the universe that lies
deep in the heart of culture
WORLDVIEW
A system of symbols and meanings people
use to organize their ideas which they
express through language
CULTURE
Analysis of the meaning of words in a language is analysis
of the form of culture on which lies people’s worldview
LANGUAGE Contains words that carries culture.
Worldview
Language
=
123

124. DIMENSIONS OF FILIPINO WORLDVIEW
1.Natural Dimension
2.Biological Dimension
3.Communal Dimension
4.Social Dimension
5.Normative Dimension
GANDA (Beauty)
❖ The primary Filipino aesthetic term “Sum total of katangian (traits) of anything that gives the highest pleasure
to the senses.”
❖ Relative term since its use defends on the judgment of the beholder.
❖ When applied to person, ganda involves both physical appearance (ayos) and social character (ugali).
❖ Ganda then is about the “totality of the person,” both his pagkataong panlabas (physical appearance) and his
pagkataong panloob (social behavior).
❖ Ganda and buti (good) are interchangeable terms so that whatever is maganda is also mabuti. Aesthetic taste
involves moral judgement.
GANDA
(Beauty)
BUTI
(Good)
=
6. Ethical Dimension
7. Moral Dimension
8. Aesthetic Dimension
9. Teleological Dimension
10. Ideological Dimension
124

125. AESTHETICS OF FILIPINO PERSONHOOD
(ESTETIKA NG PAGKAKATAONG FILIPINO)
Maayos
(Pagkataong Panlabas)
Beautiful physical appearance
Mabuti ang Ugali
(Pagkataong Panloob)
Good social behavior
Pagkataong Maganda
Pareho sa Labas at Loob
(Beautiful Personhood)
https://you
tu.be/GYar
6rGbukM
Kanais-nais
Desirable,
Valuable
=
125

126. CATEGORIES OF GANDA
ALINDOG
(Charm)
RIKIT
(Loveliness)
RANGYA
(Grandeur)
DINGAL
(Magnificence)
AMO
(Gentleness)
DILAG
(Gorgeousness)
LAMBING
(Affection)
KINANG
(Radiance)
NINGNING
(Luster)
INAM
(Goodness)
GILAS
(Symmetry)
KISIG
(Proportion)
KINTAB
(Radiance)
LUNINGNING
(Luster)
KISLAP
(Radiance)
GANDA
(Beauty)
The form of beauty
that glows
Kinang, ningning,
kintab and
luningning all
refer to glittering
beauty
Sparkling beauty, like
enthusiasm or excitement
Ganda that is
overwhelming
Gorgeous display of
ganda in appearance
speech, action
Gorgeous display of
ganda in cosmetics,
jewelry or attire
Implies orderliness,
neatness or fineness
Masculine atrributes of handsomeness
Feminine attribute
of being attractive
Affectionate feminine attractive
behavior and ways of speaking.
Wholesomeness in appearance
or act that draws the attention
of perceiver.
The charm of being
gentle and docile
126

127. THE PHENOMENON OF GANDA
Ganda is judged in terms of the emotion or the
sentiment it evokes from the perceiver
As an affective phenomenon
NAKAKABIGHANI: Ganda evokes desirability
NAKAKAAKIT: It attracts
NAKAKATAWAG NG PANSIN: It calls attention
Ganda is judge through scent or sense of smell
As an olfactory sense phenomenon
NANANATILI O NAMAMALAGI: Ganda makes its
presence felt (amoy bagong paligo)
MALINIS: It fells or smells clean (malinis
haplusin/amoy-malinis
SARIWA: It smells or fells fresh (amoy-sariwa,
amoy-pinipig)
Ganda is judged in terms of action, public appearance
or human relation (ugali)
As behavioral, ethical phenomenon
MAHINHIN: It is coy, dainty, demure
MABAIT: It is good-natured, considerate
MAGALANG: it is respectful or polite
Ganda is judge as a concrete entity with physical
attributes
As a physical phenomenon
MAKINIS ANG BALAT: Smooth skin
MAAMO ANG MUKHA: Gentle, docile face
MATIPUNO ANG KATAWAN: Healthy body
MATIKAS ANG TINDIG:
Ganda is judge as the ability to
perform work or do things
As a capability phenomenon
MASIPAG MAGTRABAHO: Industrious
MAGALING MAGLUTO: A good cook
MAHUSAY KUMANTA: A good singer
127

128. MASIPAG
MAGTRABAHO
MATIPUNO
ANG KATAWAN
MAKISIG
MAHUSAY
MAGPINTA
MAAMO
ANG MUKHA
MARIKIT
MARANGYA
MAALINDOG
128

129. "[The women I paint should have] a rounded face…. The eyes should be exceptionally lively, not the dreamy, sleepy type…. The nose
should be of the blunt form but firm and strongly marked.... The ideal Filipina beauty should not necessarily be white complexioned,
nor of the dark brown color of the typical Malayan, but of the clear skin or fresh colored type which we often witness when we met a
blushing girl.“
-FERNANDO AMORSOLO
Amorsolo, Girl with
a Basket of Fruits
Amorsolo, The Fruit
Gatherer
Amorsolo, Woman in
a Tobacco Field
Amorsolo, The Smiling
Palay Maiden
Amorsolo, Girl with
a Jar
Amorsolo, Girl with
a Coconut
Amorsolo, Girl
Taking a Bath
Amorsolo, Girl on a
Bath
Amorsolo, Dalagang
Filipina
All societies have aesthetic standards for appreciating things. This
appreciation is essentially a collective formation, deeply embedded in
symbols and meanings of society. These symbols and meanings are
closely associated with the people’s concept of ganda as this
materializes in their ways of experiencing the world or rationalizing
their relationship with it. Ganda may be viewed not only as an
emotion experienced in the encounter of what is pleasurable but also
as a particular cast of mind out in the world of objects.
-Jocano, Filipino Worldview
129

130. 1. In the concept of Filipino “Pagkatao” what cultural influence do you find
relevant to showcase the Philippine culture in the global community?
1. Did you try out different compositional arrangements before producing your
final module activities ?
1. Which among the pictures do you consider an artwork that gives greater
influence to Philippine art? Explain (Lesson 3.1)
2. What degree of aesthetic values are the paintings of? (Lesson 3.3)
a. Sotein
b. Hirst
c. Kalo
Instructions: The answer to each question should have at least a minimum of 50 words.
Assessment
Analysis
Reflection
130

131. RUBRICS FOR GRADING
CRITERIA
EXCELLENT
(10 PTS)
ABOVE AVERAGE
(8 PTS)
AVERAGE
(6 PTS)
BELOW AVERAGE
(4 PTS)
POOR
(2 PT)
ANALYSIS:
Creativity and
uniqueness
Uniqueness of idea
is thorough,
informative, and
demonstrates
significant effort.
Uniqueness of idea
is informative and
well thought.
Uniqueness of idea
is present, but some
details
missing/incorrect.
Minimal detail
provided, needs
improvement.
Absolute minimal
effort.
ASSESSMENT:
Clarity: Message is
clearly addressed
Message is
thorough,
informative, and
demonstrates
significant effort.
Message is
informative and
well thought.
Message is present,
but some details
missing/incorrect.
Minimal detail
provided, needs
improvement.
Absolute minimal
effort.
REFLECTIONS:
Impact: The idea is
relevant to present
situation
The relevance is
thorough,
informative, and
demonstrates
significant effort.
The relevance is
informative and
well thought.
The relevance is
present, but some
details
missing/incorrect.
Minimal detail
provided, needs
improvement.
Absolute minimal
effort.
131

132. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Instructions: You can use any of the following medium in painting:
black/brown coffee (instant)
Charcoal
gumamela flower extract
Azuete
any colourful leaves, vegetables and fruits
bricks (different colors) or flower pot
1. Make a horror vacui painting that shows the Filipino concept of space and beauty (From Lesson
3.2)
2. Make a minimalist painting that shows the Japanese concept. (From Lesson 3.2)
3. Write your selected verse or message in calligraphic style then affix your nickname at the right
corner below your artwork with the use of Chinese brush and watercolor. (From Lesson 3.5)
4. Use 1/8 illustration board for each activity. The process on making your art painting should be
done by using time lapse mode of your cellphone camera. Submit it together with the final
pictures of your artwork.
Module 3
132

133. Examples for Activity 3

134. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 3
CRITERIA
Excellent
(16-20 points)
Good
(11-15 points)
Fair
(6-10 points)
Needs Improvement
(1-5)
Application of the
concept of horror vacui
The application of the
concept is correct in the
whole composition
The concept is correctly
applied to the large part of
the composition.
The application of the
concept is correct but only
in the small part of the
composition
The concept is wrongly
applied to the whole
composition
Application of the
concept of minimalism
The application of the
concept is correct in the
whole composition
The concept is correctly
applied to the large part of
the composition.
The application of the
concept is correct but only
in the small part of the
composition
The concept is wrongly
applied to the whole
composition
Aesthetic value of the
composition
The whole composition is
very pleasing to look at.
There are some parts of the
composition that are not
pleasing to see.
Many parts of the
composition are not
pleasing to see.
The whole composition
is not pleasing to look
at.
134

135. MODULE 3
135