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साधी यंत्रे
1.
1 © Jnana Prabodhini
Educational Resource Centre
2.
रोजच्या आयुष्यात आपली
कामे सोपी व्हावीत यासाठी आपण काही साधने वापरतो. तयाांना यांत्रे म्हणतात. पोळपाट लाटणे, जाते, खलबत्ता ही साधी यांत्रे आहेत. शिवणयांत्र, सगनक, शमक्सर ही गुांतागुांतीची यांत्रे आहेत. 2 © Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre
3.
यांत्रामुळे काम कमी
वेळात, अशधक सहजपणे, कमी श्रमात आशण थोड्या वेळात अशधक प्रमाणत होते. जाड वस्तू उांचावरून खाली ककांवा खालून उांचावर सरकवायची असल्यास लाकडी फळी शतरकी ठेवतात. शतच्यावरून वस्तू सरकवतात. लाकडी फळी हे साधे यांत्र आहे. शतला उतरण म्हणतात. 3 © Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre
4.
एखाद्या पृष्ठभागावर शखळा
ठोकण्यास जास्त कष्ट पडतात. स्रूवर शतरके आते केल्याने स्रू शखळ्यापेक्षा लवकर बसवता येतात. स्रू हे साधे यांत्र आहे. 4 © Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre
5.
जड समान उचलणे,
कपडे वाळत घालण्याची दोरी छतापासून खालीवर करणे, शवशहरीतून पाणी काढणे यासाठी कप्पी वापरतात. कप्पी म्हणजे दोन चाके एकमेकाांवर बसवून तयाांच्या मध्ये खच ठेवून तयार केलेले यांत्र मधल्या खाचेवरून दोरी सोडून वस्तू उचलता येते. कप्पी हे साधे यांत्र आहे. 5 © Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre
6.
जड दगड, वस्तू
जागेवरून हलवण्यासाठी शतच्या खाली लाांब काठीचे एक टोक ठेवतात. दुसऱ्या टोकािी बल लावून वस्तू हलवतात. लाांब काठीला तरफ म्हणतात. तरफ हे देखील साधे यांत्र आहे. तरफे चा वापर करताना एका बाजूला उचलायचा भर असतो एका टोकाला बल लावले जाते. मध्ये आधारासाठी टेकू वापरतात. 6 © Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre
7.
तरफे च्या कोणतया
बाजूला भर, कोणतया बाजूला टेकू आशण कोणतया बाजूला बल लावले आहे यावरून तरफे चे तीन प्रकार पडतात. 7 © Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre
8.
प्रकार बाजू १
मधे बाजू २ उदाहरणे १ भार टेकू बल तराजू, शेतकऱ्याची तरफ २ टेकू भार बल शीतपेयाांचे झाकण काढण्याची काढणी ३ टेकू बल भार हाताने वस्तू उचलणे, मासे मारण्याचा गळ 8 © Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre
9.
चाक हे साधे
यांत्र जाड ओझी वाहून नेण्यासाठी वापतात. मोठ्या दुकानाांमध्ये खरेदीसाठी असणा-या गाड्या ( ट्रॉली ), मोठ्या प्रवासी बॅगा, स्केटटांगचे बोडड याांना चाके असतात. उतरण वापरून ओझे खाली वर करताना तया ओझ्याखाली लोखांडी पाईप आडवे लावतात. ओझे वर ढकलताना पाईप फफरतात आशण ओझे सहजपणे हलवता येते. 9 © Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre
10.
साध्या यांत्राबरोबरच कपडे
धुण्याचे यांत्र, केस वळवण्याचे यांत्र, वाहने, झेरॉक्स काढण्याचे यांत्र, पेरणी करण्याचे यांत्र, शवशवध वैद्यकीय चाचण्या करण्याची यांत्रे याांत अनेक साधी यांत्रे एकशत्रत ररतया वापरतात. तयाांची रचना गुांतागुांतीची असते. 10 © Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre
11.
यांत्राचा वापर करताना
तयाांची काळजी घ्यावी लागते. लोखांडी यात्राांना तेल द्यावे लागते. म्हणजे ती गांजत नाहीत. शवजेवर चालणाऱ्या यांत्राांना ओलसर जागी ठेवून चालत नाही. झीज झाल्यास यांत्राचे भाग वेळेवर बदलावे लागतात. भाग मोडल्यास दुसरे बसवावे लागतात. मोठ्या उद्योग धांद्यामध्ये यांत्राची शनगा राखण्यासाठी स्वतांत्र शवभाग असतात. 11 © Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre
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