Educational technology concept objectives and scope

1. ASSIGNMENT
EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY -
CONCEPT, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
Submitted by,
Divya S S
Ist B.Ed Mathematics
Roll No : 18

2. INTRODUCTION
Human life has improved tremendously as a result of the growth in
science and technology. In this age of technology its influence is being
reflected in all productive endeavors. Education too being a developmental
endeavour aiming at raising the level of productivity of a nation is very much
influenced by the development of technology. It aims to maximize the output
in quality and quantity. However the advancement in technology has created
a new economic environment which depends on information and is called as
‘Information Age’. Technology is used to accomplish various tasks and its
different forms are used on a daily basis. One such form where technology
plays an important role is ‘Education Technology’.
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3. TECHNOLOGY
The advancement in the field of science and tech combined with earlier
access to information the expansion of communication has created an impact
on the societal structure. Industrialisation, Urbanization, rapid technological
changes, the erosion of old social structure, emergence of new one in regard
to the changes in developmental strategy has affected the social structure of
developed and undeveloped societies. The use of technological gadgets in the
teaching learning process has improved the quality of instruction.The word
technology is derived from the Greek word ‘Technic’ meaning Art or Skill
and ‘Logia’ meaning Science or Study. Thus Technology is the Science of
study of an art or skill. Tech is the set of instruments and skills which are
used to satisfy the needs of the community. Tech is the application of
scientific knowledge to a practical purpose.
Hierra A, (1973) - Technology is the set of instruments and skills which are
used to satisfy the needs of the community.
Sachs I, (1973) - Technology is knowledge organized for production.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Educational Technology is a system of five M’s. It is a system in
education in which machines, materials, media men and methods are
interrelated and worked together for the fulfilment of specific educational
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4. objectives. The term can be taken to mean two things – introducing
technological innovations in the field of education or technologizing
education to optimise learning endeavours. 'Technology Explosion' has
yielded several new machines, materials and media which have great
potential for use in the educational enterprise. A judicious use of these
together with new functions and roles of educational personnel can bring
about more efficient and effective teaching-learning. An adequate knowledge
of theory and practices of educational technology and their proper use would
enable the teacher to understand and effectively discharge his new roles in the
educational system in an age of ‘information explosion’, 'knowledge
explosion', 'population explosion’ and 'expectation Explosion'.
Educational technology is an applied or practical study which aims at
maximising educational effects by "controlling" such relevant factors as
educational purposes, educational content, teaching materials, educational
environment, conduct of students, behaviour of instructors and interrelations
between students and instructors. It is a branch of study in which the results
of engineering techniques, information science, natural sciences, behavioural
sciences and human technology are to be used to promote the efficiency of
education. In practice, the school treasury and administration, the school and
classroom management and the work of instruction (intellectual education,
moral education, counselling) all can make use of educational technology.
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5. Meaning of Educational Technology
The term educational technology has three broad connotations:
Educational Technology 1 (ET 1)
➢ Refers to the application of physical science and engineering
technology to provide mechanical or electro-mechanical tools,
instrumentation or 'hardware' which can be used for instructional
purposes.
➢ View given by James 0. Finn and others (1960) for the 'audio-visual
education' movement and by the electronic communication industry.
➢ Generally refers to the use of equipment for presenting instructional
material such as
● still and motion picture projectors (silent and sound)
● tape-recorders (including language laboratory)
● television
● teaching machines
● Computer-based teaching
Educational Technology 2 (ET 2)
➢ Refers to the application of scientific principles to instruction
➢ Refers to the application of scientific principles to instructions
➢ Includes psychological principles of learning
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6. Educational Technology 3 (ET 3)
➢ View of Davis and Hartley (1972)
➢ Incorporates both ET1 and ET2
➢ A system in which machines, materials, media, men and methods are
interrelated parts and are organised to work together for the fulfilment
of specific educational objectives.
➢ Educational technology, according to this view, implies planning,
implementing and evaluating a system in education according to
scientific principles so as to best achieve the educational objectives.
Definitions
“Educational technology is an application of scientific knowledge
about learning to practical learning situation.” – J. Bloomer (1973)
“Educational Technology is the development, application and
evaluation of systems, techniques and aids to improve the process of human
learning’. – National Council of Educational Technology, U.K. (1967)
“Educational Technology can be conceived as a science of techniques
and methods by which educational goals could be realised’’. – Shiv
K. Mitra (1968)
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7. NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
➢ Is the application of scientific principles to education
➢ Stresses on the development of methods and techniques for effective
teaching –learning.
➢ Stresses the organisation of learning situations for the effective
realisation of the goals of education
➢ Emphasises the designing and measuring instruments for testing
learning outcomes
➢ Facilitates learning by controlling environment, media and methods
➢ Involves input, process and output aspects of education
➢ It is not confined to the use of electronic media in education
➢ An important medium of instruction
➢ It is not to be taken as a synonym to the visual aids in education.
PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
Build Community: The school should bring all learners together into a
supportive community that nurtures both the individual and the group. The
community should permeate all possible spaces, in the classroom, in the
home and Online.
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8. Encourages Critical Thinking: The school should actively encourage
learners to think critically, continually asking the question, “Why do we
teach, what we teach”
Reward Risk Taking: The school should actively encourage learners to risk
failure in the pursuit of understanding.
Focus on all Learners: The school should surround the learner with ideas
and information, encouraging the learner to pursue a wide variety of paths to
knowledge, and supporting the personal growth for all who inhabit the
community.
Value Diversity: The school should actively encourage and value the input of
those both inside and outside the community with a diversity of opinions and
experiences. The school should consistently check that is inclusive and
supportive of learners from diverse backgrounds.
Nurture all learners: The school should provide opportunities and
encouragement for all members of the community including teachers,
students and parents to learn and grow.
Pursue Innovation: The school should actively explore, pursue and assess
new ideas and technologies, while always keeping the learner at the heart of
the pursuit.
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9. Break down the walls: The school should provide access and opportunities
for learners to reach outside the walls of the school to the neighbouring,
national and global community.
FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
➢ Identifying educational goals and objectives of the community
➢ Developing appropriate curriculum for achieving the stipulated goals
➢ Analysing the process of teaching and learning
➢ Developing suitable teaching-learning material
➢ Selecting and developing proper teaching strategies for obtaining
optimum results
➢ Developing and selecting appropriate audio-visual aids
➢ Utilising effectively the hardware and software media
➢ Providing essential feedback and control through evaluation
➢ Training teachers to use new technologies of teaching
OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
➢ As per Hillard Jason:
○ Transmitting information
○ Serving as role methods
○ Assisting in specific skills
○ Provision of feedback
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10. ➢ As per Mackenzie et al.:
○ To reach out to more students
○ To improve learning materials
○ To allow independent study
○ To permit/allow student response
Macro level objectives Micro level objectives
Educational needs of community Educational needs of students
Broad strategies and aims of
education
Specific classroom objectives
Developing suitable curriculum,
integrity, arts, human values and
science
Analysing and organising
instructional material
Developing certain models to
enhance
teaching – learning process
Available teaching learning
resource/material
Identification of constraints in the
environments and ways to tackle
them
Instruction and methodologies based
students, teachers, available learning
material etc.
Assisting in extended vocational
opportunities to the masses
Effective classroom teaching based
on students’ performance
Effective classroom teaching based
on students’ performance
Management of entire educational
system covering planning,
implementation and evaluation of
students and teachers
Modification in teaching learning
processes based on appropriate
feedback
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11. SCOPE OF EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
The scope of educational technology ranges from the concrete
educational process to the most abstract and subtle ones which includes the
use of hardware, software and system analysis in various educational
operations. The major scopes of educational technology are as
follows:
➢ To analyse the process of teaching and learning
➢ For spelling out the educational objectives
➢ For the development of course content, curriculum, the development of
teaching learning material and national objectives of education
➢ In training teachers
➢ For the development, selection and use of appropriate audio-visual aids
➢ The effective utilization of the hardware mass media
➢ To study evaluation of the software prepared for education of a
particular population of the learner.
➢ To innovate different kinds of applied researches for effective
communication
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12. CONCLUSION
Educational Technology is as wide as Education itself. Educational
Technology implies the use of all educational resources –Men, Materials,
Methods and Techniques, Means and Media in an integrated and systematic
manner for optimized learning. Educational technology is a wide field.
Therefore, one can find many definitions, some of which are conflicting.
Educational technology can be considered either as a design science or as a
collection of different research interests addressing fundamental issues of
learning, teaching and social organization.
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13. REFERENCE
● Education Technology: Meaning and Definition - SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net/vazhichal12/educational-technology-168675
752
● Meaning and Scope of Educational Technology - WikiEducator
https://wikieducator.org/Meaning_and_Scope_of_Educational_Technol
ogy
● Educational technology - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology
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