Travel and Tourism Motivation

1. Content Theories of Motivation
Dr.Debasish Batabyal, Amity
University,Kolkata
What motivates people?

2. Motivation- Definition and Concept
● Motivation is usually defined by goal- directed behaviour and is rooted in
two basic concepts:(a) the needs that operate in the individual & (b) the
goals in the environment towards or away from which the individual
moves.
● Motivation is a continuous process. It is the process of stimulating people
to action to accomplish desired goals (by- Scott).
● Motivations of tourists stems from the domain of human psychology. It is
the satisfaction forming factor. The factors of motivation can be
categorized into two types: Intrinsic & Extrinsic.
● Two theories of motivation : Content & Process theory.

3. A Simple Motivation Model
The complexity of motivation process arises
because people have different needs and varied
perception about themselves.
Consequently they find a wide variety of goals
and different perceptions about the actions
which are likely to help them achieve these
goals.
However, the degree to which people are
motivated will depend not only on the perceived
value of the outcome of their actions but also
their expectations of obtaining the reward.
GOALSNEEDS
ACTION

6. 1954 1959 1960 1961 1969
MASLOW'S
HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS THEORY
HERZBERG’S
TWO FACTOR
THEORY
MCGREGOR’S
THEORY X AND
THEORY Y
ALDERFER’S
ERG THEORY
MCCLELLAND’S
THEORY OF
NEEDS
5 Content Theories

7. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Love and Belonging
Physiological needs
Cognitive needs
Self-Actualization
needs
03
01
05
07
Self- esteem needs
Safety and Security
Aesthetic needs
Transcendence needs
02
04
06
08

8. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Job Satisfaction Job Dissatisfaction
Influenced by
motivating factors
Influenced by hygiene
factors
1. Working conditions
2. Policies & administrative
practices
3. Supervision
4. Interpersonal relationship
5. Salary & status
6. Job security, personal life.
1. Achievement
2. Recognition
3. Responsibility
4. Work itself
5. Growth
6. Advancement
Improving the
motivating factors
increases the job
satisfaction
Improving the
hygiene factors
decreases the job
dissatisfaction

9. Mcgregor’s Theory X and theory Y
Theory X Sphere Theory Y
The average human being has an inherent
dislike of work and will avoid it if he can.
ATTITUDE Employees can view work as being
natural as rest or play.
Since people dislike work, they must be
threatened, forced, controlled, with
punishment to achieve goals.
DIRECTION People will exercise self direction and
self control in the service or objectives to
which they are committed.
Employees will avoid responsibilities and
seek formal direction whenever possible.
RESPONSIBILITY The average people can learn to accept,
even seek responsibility.
Most workers place security above all other
factors with work and display little ambition.
MOTIVATION The ability to make innovative decisions
is widely dispersed throughout the
population and is not necessarily
restricted to those in managerial
positions.

10. Mcclelland’s Theory of Needs
1 2 3

11. Alderfer’s ERG Theory

12. Thank You