2. WHAT IS STRESS?
Stress is our mind and body’s response to a
real or imagined threat, event or change.
Psychological state associated with physiological
and hormonal changes caused by conflict,trauma,
or other disruptive influences (stressors).
3. STRESSORS
1. Traumatic events outside the usual range of
human experience
2. Uncontrollable events
3. Unpredictable events
4. Events that challenge the limits of our capabilities
& self-concept
5. Internal conflicts
4.
5. EUSTRESS
Eustress or positive stress occurs when our level of
stress is high enough to motivate us to move into
action to get things accomplished.
6. DISTRESS
Distress or negative stress occurs when our level
of stress is either too high or too low and our body
and/or mind begin to respond negatively to the
stressors.
17. CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE CNS AND
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic nervous system norepinephrine
and neuropeptide Y immune cells.
Sympathetic nerves Adrenal gland
Epinephrine Immune cells Sympathetic
regulatory signals.
Immune cells, Antibodies by B cells, Release
cytokines.
Blood lymphoid organs Blood.NK CELL
18. Innate and cellular immune responses.
Humoral response
25. SLEEP, CYTOKINES, AND IMMUNITY
Normal sleep>>> NK activity, IL-2, IL-6, transsignaling
IL-6R, and a relative shift toward Th1 cytokine
expression, which is independent of circadian
processes.
Sleep loss>> proinflammatory cytokines, AB,IL2,NK
cell, production.
Impaired sleep or REM >>> Night/Day time IL6.
IL-10>>> delta sleep.
IL-6 and TNF>>> REM sleep, delta sleep
26. CYTOKINE INFLUENCES ON THE CNS AND
BEHAVIOR
The immune system and developmental programming of brain and
behavior, Staci D. Bilbo et al
31. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
Depression, bereavement, and maladaptive coping,
homosexuality, socially inhibited introverts.
Suppressing production of the antiviral cytokines.
33. CANCER AND PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
Metastatic spread of NK sensitive tumors and can
induce angiogenesis.
Intervention>>>Decreased distress, increases in
active coping, and increases in NK cytotoxicity.
34. CONCLUSION
Stress has definite aspects in neurobiology,
neuroimmunology, neuroendocrinology.
May be a trigger or response.
Both useful and harmful.
Not merely cause of all disease but the condition
which has temporal neurological connection.