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LS2026 Microbiology 微生物學
陳俊堯 老師
生命科學系 D928
cychen@mail.tcu.edu.tw
 Chemoheterotroph
 Chemolithotroph
 Photoheterotroph
 Photolithotroph
2
 根據 DNA 相似程度區分
 Prokaryotes
 Archaea 古菌界
 Bacteria 細菌界
 Eucarya 真核界
3
 Eukaryote = archaea
+ 產能的 bacteria
(mitochondria)
+ 利用光的 cyanobacteria
(cyanobacteria)
4 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/organell
 外型很相似,不能像動植
物那樣用外型區分。
 先來看看傳統方法,再來
看現代方法。
5
blog.qatestlab.com
 形態:細胞是球菌或桿菌, 大小, 菌落顏色, 形狀等。
 生理活性:能不能利用 glucose, 需不需要氧氣, 會
不會還原 nitrate, 能不能氧化鐵。
 缺點:會受到趨同演化的影響
6
classroom.sdmesa.ed
 利用 DNA 序列來推算演化關係,當做分類的依據。
7
betastuffs.blogspot.com
 所有微生物都有的基因
 演化速度不能太快
 突變累積速度維持一致
8
威
蝦
米
哩
 rRNA 是組成 ribosome 的零件之一
 Ribosome 有 small 和 large subunits
9
serc.carleton.edu
1
http://www.insectscience.org/10.159/
 原核:16S rRNA gene
 真核:18S rRNA gene
 合稱 small subunit
RNA (ssRNA)
人氣
基因
 所有微生物都有的基因
 演化速度不能太快
 突變累積速度維持一致
1
有
沒
有
哩
 誰需要鑑定細菌?
 病原菌鑑定
 環境微生物鑑定
 食品微生物鑑定
1
www.healthcarerelocationservices.com
 以 PCR 放大 16S
rRNA 基因序列
 進行 DNA 定序
 對得到的序列跟資料庫
進行比對
1
 利用傳統鑑定方法當做
確認的工具。
1
1 Deep-branching lineage
Bacteria Archaea Eucarya
Euryarchaeota
Crenarchaeota
Korarchaeota
Nanoarchaeota
Thaumarchaeota
 Deep-
branching
lineages
 Gram positive
bacteria
 Gram negative
bacteria
 Deinococcus
 Chloroflexi
 Actinobacteria
 Firmicutes
 Cyanobacteria
 Bacteroidetes
 Spirochaetes
 Proteobacteria

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