6. Islamic and Judaic Cultures
Ancient Israel Timeline
• The Hebrews as Pastoral Nomads (Patriarchal Dispensation)
c. 1950 BC: Abraham (”Father of Nations”) leaves Ur for Canaan. (Isaac and Jacob)
c. 1600 BC: Hebrews move to Egypt
• The Exodus (Mosaic Dispensation)
c. 1570-c. 1280 BC: Hebrews enslaved in Egypt
c. 1280 BC: Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt
c. 1280-1250 BC: Hebrews wander in the Wilderness.
• From Pastoral Nomads to Early Agriculturalists
c. 1250 BC: Joshua begins conquests Canaan.
c. 1250-1200 BC: Hebrews conquer Canaan.
c. 1200-1020 BC: Rule of the judges.
• From Early Agriculturalists to Urban Society
c. 1020-1000 BC: Saul becomes king of the Hebrew tribes. (United Kingdom)
c. 1000-961 BC: Reign of David. (United Kingdom)
c. 961-922 BC: Reign of Solomon (United Kingdom)
c. 922 BC: Kingdom of Israel is divided into the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (Divided
Kingdom)
7. Islamic and Judaic Cultures
Ancient Israel Timeline (continued)
• The Hebrew State and the Empires of the Ancient World
722 BC: Assyria conquers Israel.
586 BC: Babylon conquers Judah.
586 – 539 BC: Babylonian Captivity
539 BC: Exiles return from Babylon
516 BC: Dedication of second temple
332 BC: Conquest of Jerusalem by Alexander the Great
250 BC: The Septuagint is published
168 BC: Maccabean Revolt
63 BC: Roman conquest of Jerusalem.
6 – 4 BC Birth of Christ (Christian dispensation)
c.27-30: Period of Jesus' ministry.
66-73: Jewish rebellions against Romans
70: The Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem
c.70: Herod's Temple is destroyed.
8. Islamic and Judaic Cultures
The Bible
God’s revealed will for mankind
Divided into two sections:
1. The Old Testament
a. The Patriarchal Dispensation
b. The Mosaic Dispensation
2. The New Testament
a. The Christian Dispensation
9. Islamic and Judaic Cultures
The Bible
• The Old Testament
1. Books of Law (Torah) 4. The Major Prophets
a. Genesis a. Isaiah
b. Exodus b. Jeremiah
c. Leviticus c. Lamentations
d. Numbers d. Ezekial
e. Deuteronomy e. Daniel
2. Books of History 5. The Minor Prophets
a. Joshua a. Hosea
b. Judges b. Joel
c. Ruth c. Amos
d. 1 and 2 Samuel d. Obadiah
e. 1 and 2 Kings e. Jonah
f. 1 and 2 Chronicles f. Micah
g. Ezra g. Nahum
h. Nehemiah h. Habakkuk
I. Esther i.. Zephaniah
3. Books of Poetry/Wisdom j. Haggai
a. Job k. Zechariah
b. Psalms l. Malachi
c. Proverbs
d. Ecclesiastes
e. Song of Solomon
10. Islamic and Judaic Cultures
The Bible
• The New Testament
1. The Gospels
a. Matthew
b. Mark
c. Luke
d. John
2. The Acts of the Apostles
3. The Epistles (Letters)
a. Romans
b. 1 and 2 Corinthians
c. Galatians
d. Ephesians
f. Philippians
g. Colossians
h. 1 and 2 Thessalonians
i. 1 and 2 Timothy
j. Titus
k. Philemon
l. Hebrews
m. James
n. 1 and 2 Peter
o. 1, 2 and 3 John
p. Jude
4. The Revelation of John
11. Islamic and Judaic Cultures
A Brief Comparison of Judiasm and Christianity
• Law of Moses – “Thou Shalt Not Kill”
Christ said – “If You Hate Your Brother . . .”
• Law of Moses - “An Eye for an Eye”
Christ said – “Turn the Other Cheek”
• Law of Moses – “Love Your Neighbor and Hate Your Enemy”
Christ said – “Love Your Enemies and Pray For Those Who Persecute You”
12. Islamic and Judaic Cultures
Brief Overview of Islam
The religion of Islam is not named after a person as in the case of Christianity which was named
after Jesus Christ
It is not named after a tribe like Judaism after the tribe of Judah
Islam is believed by Muslims to be the true religion of "Allah" and as such, its name represents the
central principle of Allah's (God's) religion; the total submission to the will of Allah "God"
The Arabic word "Islam" means the submission or surrender of one's will to the only true god
worthy of worship "Allah" and anyone who does so is termed a "Muslim
It was not a new religion brought by Prophet Muhammad I in Arabia in the seventh century, but
(according to Muslims) the true religion of Allah re-expressed in its final form
According to Muslims, Islam is the religion which was given to Adam, the first man and the first
prophet of Allah, and it was the religion of all the prophets sent by Allah to mankind
The name of God's religion lslam was not decided upon by later generations of man. It was
chosen
by Allah Himself and clearly mentioned in His final revelation to man. In the final book of divine
revelation, the Qur'aan, (Koran) Allah states the following:
• “This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have
chosen for you Islam as your religion". (Soorah Al-Maa'idah 5:3)
• "If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah (God) never will It be
accepted of Him" (Soorah Aal'imraan 3:85)
• "Abraham was not a Jew nor Christian; but an upright Muslim." (Soorah Aal'imraan 3:67)
13. Islamic and Judaic Cultures
Brief Overview of Islam (continued)
Muslims trace their history through Abraham’s son Ishmael (not Isaac)
Muslims believe that Jesus lived, was born of a virgin, taught many good things and
was a prophet of God (Allah)
They DO NOT believe that Jesus was crucified – or that He is the Son of God
God is the Almighty, the Creator, the Sovereign, and the Sustainer of everything in
the whole universe
God is All-Hearing, All-Seeing, and All-Knowing
Muslims believe in angels; Among the angels, Gabriel brought down the Quran
(“holy scripture of Islam”) to Muhammad
Muslims believe that God has had many prophets and messengers – starting with
Adam, and including Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, and Jesus –
and especially Muhammad
Today there are more than 925 million followers of Muhammad
14. Islamic and Judaic Cultures
• Islamic Architecture
The function of each of these architectural features help to set the mood and guide the worshipers to
enhance their experience as they enter the mosque (Muslim place of worship).
Columns – Rows of polished marble columns extend back into the darkness (see next slide)
Arches – The columns support horseshoe-shaped arches decorated with yellow and red bands (see next slide)
Piers – The columns also support stone piers that carry a second tier of arches three feet above the first
Aisles – The direction of the aisles guides the worshiper to the side of the building facing Mecca (The
birthplace of Islam, and the direction that Muslims face when praying
15. Islamic and Judaic Cultures
The Mezquita Mosque (interior) at Cordoba Spain
