Renewable energy solutions are becoming popular. Maximizing output from solar system increases efficiency. Presently solar panels are of fixed type which lower the efficiency. Maintaining vertical direction between light and panel maximizes efficiency. Solar tracking system has 35% higher generating power than fixed. Solar tracking system based on PLC can adjust automatically orientation of panel

1. PREPARED BY
1
automatic sun tracking system
1 ABHISHEK KUMAR RAI 30
2 CHIRANJIT ADHIKARY 33
3 PUNIT KUMAR OJHA 34
4 MUKUL KUMAR YADAV 43
5 MANISH VISWAKARMA 41

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS SOLAR TRACKERS
 NEEDOFSOLARTRACKERS
 TYPES OFSOLAR TRACKERS
 INTERNAL BIOCK DIAGRAM
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 HARDWARE COPONENTSOF SOLAR TRACKER
 COM PARISON OFSTATIONARY VS TRACKEDSOLARENERGY
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
3
 Renewable energy solutions are becoming popular.
 Maximizing output from solar system increasesefficiency.
 Presently solar panels are of fixed type which lower the efficiency.
 Maintaining vertical direction between light and panelmaximizes
efficiency.
 Solar tracking system has35%higher generating power than fixed.
 Solar tracking system based on PLCcanadjust automatically
orientation of panel

4. WHATIS SOLARTRACKER?
 photovoltaic panel or lens towards the sun by using
the solar or light sensors connected with the
machine ( ex: stepper motor, servo motor, gas filled
piston).
used
ASolar tracker is a device
for orienting a solar
4Fig:1

5. NEEDOFSOLARTRACKER
 Increase Solar Panel Output
 Max.efficency of thepanel
 Maximize Power per unitArea
 Able to grab the energy through out the day
5Fig:2

6. TYPESOFSOLARTRACKERS
Single axis trackers
Single axis solar trackers can either have a horizontal or a vertical axle.
6Fig:3 Fig:4

7. DualAxisTrackers
 Double axis solar trackers have both a horizontal and vertical
axis
 It can track the Sun's apparent motion exactly anywhere in
the world.
7
Fig:5

8. OVERVIEWOFPRESENT
TRACKERDRIVETYPES
8Fig:6

9. 1. PASSIVE(GAS)TRACKERS
 Passive trackers use a compressed
gas fluid in two canisters .
 The mechanism is in such a way
that if one side cylinder is heated
other side piston rises causing the
panel to tilt over the sunny side.
9Fig:7

10. 2. ACTIVETRACKERS
 measure the light intensityfrom
the sun by using light sensors
 And determine where the solar
modules should bepointing
Fig:8
10

11. 3. OPENLOOPSOLAR
TRACKERS
 Open loop trackers determine the
position of the sun using computer
controlled algorithms or simpletiming
systems.
1.TimedTrackers
Atimer is usedto move the
tracker acrossthe sky.
2.Altitude / AzimuthTrackers
It usesthe astronomical data or
sun position algorithms to determinethe
position of sun for any given time and
location by usingPLC
Fig:9
11

12. BLOCKDIAGRAM
12
Fig:10

13. WORKINGPRINCIPLE
13
 Auto-tracking control systemcomposed of PLC,sensors,signal
processing units, PVcells, electromagnetic and mechanical motion
control modules and power supplysystems.
 Paneldetects the sun light strength to sensors
 Thesensorsoutput is given to the PLCwhich compares it and
produces an equivalent output soasto rotate the motor andalign
the panel in the direction of sun

14. HARDWARECOMPONENTS
14
 SOLAR PANEL
 LDR SENSORS
 STEPPER MOTOR
 RELAY
 PLC

15. SOLARPANEL
15
 Its made up of anumber of solar cells connected inseries internally
 Convert solar energy to electricity.
 Based on photo voltaiceffect.
 Photo voltaic effect produces achange in electrical characteristics
when light is incident uponit.
Fig:11

16. LDRSENSORS
16
 Ahigh resistance semiconductor whose resistance decreases with
increasing incident light intensity.
 When light falls on suchasemiconductor, the valence electrons
receive the light energy incident and jump to the conduction band.
 Theconductivity of the device increases, decreasing its resistivity.
Fig:12

17. STEPPERMOTOR
17
 Its an electromechanical device which converts digital pulseinputs
to incremental shaftrotation.
 Usedfor precision positioning controlapplications.
 Its controlled by aseries of electromagneticcoils.
Fig:13 Fig:14 Fig:15

18. RELAY
 Its an electrically operated switch used for switching of
large currents.
 Uses an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism
mechanically
18Fig:16 Fig:17

19. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLER(PLC)
19
Fig:18

20. C0MPARISON OFSOLAR
ENERGY
20
Fig:19

21. ADVANTAGES
21
 Simple
 Low cost
 Eco-Friendly
 Wecanmonitor directly usingPC
 Tracking accuracy is more
 Reducethe usageof power from powergrid

22. DISADVANTAGES
22
 Solar electricity is not available at night and is lessavailable in
cloudy weather conditions. Therefore, astorage or complimentary
power system is required.
 Limited power density.
 Solar cells produce DCwhich must be converted to ACwhen usedin
currently existing distribution grids

23. CONCLUSION
23
 Theinvention of SolarTracking Systemhelps usimprove the
performance of PVsolar system in asimpleway
 Usedrelative method of sunlightstrength.
 Established amodel of automatic tracking system to keepvertical
contact between solar panels andsunlight.
 Improved the utilization rate ofsolar energy and efficiency of
photovoltaic power generation system.

24. REFERENCE
24
 http://www.alltronics.com/stpper _motor.html
 http://fsae.mae.cornell.edu/
 http://www.optimum-tracker.com/solartrackers/

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