A presentation on chemotherapy, for CHSS SND 2D Class with Ms. Weston. Includes awesomeness from the creators, and spunkiness from the assigner. To be viewed and enjoyed by everyone. :) Have a good one!

1. C46H56N4O10H2SO4 Wait, what?

2. What is Chemotherapy? Chemotherapy is a term used to describe any treatments that utilizes the introduction of chemical agents to an organism to help control stop and/or terminate the rapid growth of cells. This treatment is used for cancers and similar ailments.

3. Chemotherapy’s Discovery The first time “Chemotherapy” was used was unintentional and a complete accident. In the 1950’s, there was an observation that soldiers from the war that were exposed to mustard gas had noticeably low white blood cell counts. Mustard Gas used to poison WWII Soldiers Chemotherapy is created Observations made on survivors of mustard gas poisoning

4. Chemotherapy’s Discovery With this, it was thought that if patients with uncontrollably multiplying white blood cells were exposed to the chemical as well, they would be able to control the division. From then on, further research was placed into finding chemicals with similar effects, thus creating the branch of “Chemical Therapy” or chemotherapy.

5. How Chemotherapy Works To understand how chemotherapy works you must understand what cancer is. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells due to DNA damages or mutations. Prophase Metaphase Interphase Anaphase Telophase

6. How Chemotherapy Works The drugs that are used in chemotherapy work by targeting the cells that are rapidly multiplying, and they change the cells in one of two ways. Less Common More Common

7. How Chemotherapy Works The chemicals can prohibit a vital part of mitosis, also known as the cell division process, which makes it impossible for the cell to multiply. The chemicals can cause the multiplying cells to commit apoptosis, which is essentially cell suicide. All chemotherapeutic drugs target cell division or DNA synthesis and function in some manner.

8. The Negative Aspects of Chemotherapy There are several downsides to chemotherapy. One of which is the broad “target” range of the chemicals used. Since the chemicals target all cells undergoing rapid cell division, the process had been known to target other cells besides the cancerous target, most notoriously the cells responsible for hair growth. Also, since some cancerous tumours have stopped dividing and growing, there are tumours immune to chemotherapy.

9. The Negative Aspects of Chemotherapy Other side effects exist, and usually cease after treatment, but rarely have long term effects. They include: Abdominal pain Acid indigestion Bladder Problems Dizziness Weight gain/ weight loss Vomiting Diarrhoea Anemia Depression of the immune system Hemorrhage

10. Chemotherapy Today Despite all of the negative effects and problems with chemotherapy, research is continuing and successfully improving chemotherapeutic treatments. Today, there are over forty different types of chemotherapy, and it is certain that thanks to this breakthrough therapy, many lives have been improved and undoubtedly many more will be in the years to come.

11. CHEMOTHERAPY Spencer Lucas Heather Meagan