2. INDUCTIVE EFFECT
0Is defined as permanent
displacement of shared
electron pair in carbon chain
towards more
electronegative atom or
group

3. TYPES OF INDUCTIVE
EFFECT
1. Negative Inductive effect (-I):
the electron withdrawing nature of
groups or atoms is called negative
inductive effect. It is indicated by –I,
following are the examples of groups
in the decreasing order of their –I
effect:

5. 2. Positive Inductive effect (+I):
It refers to the electron
increasing nature of the groups
of atoms and is denoted by +I.
the following are the examples
of groups in the decreasing
order of their +I effect.

8. APPLICATIONS OF
INDUCTIVE EFFECT
Inductive effect is useful in explaining the
strength of some organic acids and bases.
a) Effect is substituent on the acid strength of
aliphatic acids.
HCOOH > CH3 COOH > (CH3)2CHCOOH
Reason: acidic strength decreases as +I effect of
the alkyl group increases

9. b) 02NCH2COOH >
FCH2COOH>CICH2COOH>BrCH2CO
OH> ICH2COOH > CH3COOH
Reason: acidic strength decreases
as –I effect of the group or halogen
decreases.