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Exercise as an intervention to reduce blood lipids and cholesterol levelsHarriet Brown, Bond University, Australia
Introduction ,[object Object]
Cholesterol is only slightly soluble in water and blood so is transported by lipoproteins VLDL, IDL, HDL and LDL to the tissues. Elevated cholesterol in the blood is detected by abnormalities in lipoprotein levels.
A review of 84 studies found that intensity plays a role in controlling cholesterol levels. When comparing exercise intensities in aerobic training, high intensity programs had a more favorable effect on lipid profile. Improvement in HDL was the most consistent significant change3. There is much discrepancy on what is required to induce optimal lipoprotein changes, therefore there may not be a specific frequency, duration or intensity but rather the volume of activity. The minimum volume to elict beneficial changes is suggested to be 24km of jogging per week4,120 minutes of aerobic exercise or 900kcal/wk5.,[object Object]
To determine the optimal amount and intensity to improve lipid profiles ,[object Object]
Samples:  Blood plasma samples were taken after fasting and were analyzied by a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure LDL, HDL, IDL, TC and TGs concentrations including sub-classes.  Density-gradient ultracentrifugation was used to separate lipoprotein and cholesterol fractions. Samples were blinded. Data analysis:    Analysis of variance using Statview or SAS software, then a post hoc analysis of the data after the experiment concluded was used as the main analysis to compare exercise groups to control.
Results Exercise training did not have a significant effect on LDL however, significantly reduced the concentration of small LD particles, increasing the average size of LDL.  Figure 1: Comparison of the Effects of Three Different Exercise Programs with Those in a Control Group on Mean Changes in the Concentration of Small Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol (Panel A), the Concentration of LDL Particles (Panel B), the Average Size of LDL Particles (Panel C), and the Concentration of Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein (IDL) Cholesterol (Panel D)
Figure 2: Comparison of the Effects of Three Different Exercise Programs with Those in a Control Group on Mean Changes in Total High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol Concentration (Panel A), Concentration of Large HDL Cholesterol (Panel B), and Average Size of HDL Particles (Panel C). Results ,[object Object]
Each exercise group was ranked from most effective to least effective to test the effects of intensity and amount. In a test using multivariate analysis of variation the differences among groups were statistically significant (P=0.03) with the greater amount of exercise having a greater effect on lipid profile with intensity not affecting lipid profile (Krause etal, 2002),[object Object]
References 1. Stamlet, J, Wntworth, D, Neaten, J, 1986, Is Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol and Risk of Premature Death From Coronary Heart Disease Continuous and Graded? The Journal of American Medical Association, vol.256, No.20, pp.2823-2828   2. Fuster V, Gotto A, Libby P, Loscalzo J, McGill HC. Pathogenesis of coronary disease: the biological role of risk factors. J Am CollCardiol. 1996;27:964-976   3. Tambalis K, Panagiotakos, D, Kavouras, S, & Sidossis, L  2009, Responses of Blood Lipids to Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Aerobic With Resistance Exercise Training: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence, Angiology 4. Superko, R, Is Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol and Risk of Premature Death From Coronary Heart Disease Continuous and Graded?, Medecine and science in sport and exercise, Vol.23, No.6   5. Kodama S, Shu M, Saiko K, et al. Even low-intensity and low-volume exercise training may improve insulin resistance in the elderly. Intern Med. 2007;46:1071-1077   6. Durstine L, Grandjean P, Davis P, Ferguson MA, Alderson NL, DuBose KD. Blood lipid and lipoprotein adaptations to exercise. A quantitative analysis. Sports Med. 2001;31:1033-1062   7. Halbert, J, Silagy, C, Finucane, P, Withers, R, & Hamdorf, P, 1999, Exercise training and blood lipids in hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic adults: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.53, 514-522 Krause et al, 2002, Effects of the Amount and Intensity of Exercise on Plasma Lipoproteins, N Engl J Med 347:1483-1492 American Heart Association. August 2010. [Online] http://www.americanheart.org

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Exercise as an intervention to reduce blood lipids and choloesterol levels

  • 1. Exercise as an intervention to reduce blood lipids and cholesterol levelsHarriet Brown, Bond University, Australia
  • 2.
  • 3. Cholesterol is only slightly soluble in water and blood so is transported by lipoproteins VLDL, IDL, HDL and LDL to the tissues. Elevated cholesterol in the blood is detected by abnormalities in lipoprotein levels.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Samples: Blood plasma samples were taken after fasting and were analyzied by a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure LDL, HDL, IDL, TC and TGs concentrations including sub-classes. Density-gradient ultracentrifugation was used to separate lipoprotein and cholesterol fractions. Samples were blinded. Data analysis: Analysis of variance using Statview or SAS software, then a post hoc analysis of the data after the experiment concluded was used as the main analysis to compare exercise groups to control.
  • 7. Results Exercise training did not have a significant effect on LDL however, significantly reduced the concentration of small LD particles, increasing the average size of LDL. Figure 1: Comparison of the Effects of Three Different Exercise Programs with Those in a Control Group on Mean Changes in the Concentration of Small Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol (Panel A), the Concentration of LDL Particles (Panel B), the Average Size of LDL Particles (Panel C), and the Concentration of Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein (IDL) Cholesterol (Panel D)
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. References 1. Stamlet, J, Wntworth, D, Neaten, J, 1986, Is Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol and Risk of Premature Death From Coronary Heart Disease Continuous and Graded? The Journal of American Medical Association, vol.256, No.20, pp.2823-2828   2. Fuster V, Gotto A, Libby P, Loscalzo J, McGill HC. Pathogenesis of coronary disease: the biological role of risk factors. J Am CollCardiol. 1996;27:964-976   3. Tambalis K, Panagiotakos, D, Kavouras, S, & Sidossis, L 2009, Responses of Blood Lipids to Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Aerobic With Resistance Exercise Training: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence, Angiology 4. Superko, R, Is Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol and Risk of Premature Death From Coronary Heart Disease Continuous and Graded?, Medecine and science in sport and exercise, Vol.23, No.6   5. Kodama S, Shu M, Saiko K, et al. Even low-intensity and low-volume exercise training may improve insulin resistance in the elderly. Intern Med. 2007;46:1071-1077   6. Durstine L, Grandjean P, Davis P, Ferguson MA, Alderson NL, DuBose KD. Blood lipid and lipoprotein adaptations to exercise. A quantitative analysis. Sports Med. 2001;31:1033-1062   7. Halbert, J, Silagy, C, Finucane, P, Withers, R, & Hamdorf, P, 1999, Exercise training and blood lipids in hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic adults: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.53, 514-522 Krause et al, 2002, Effects of the Amount and Intensity of Exercise on Plasma Lipoproteins, N Engl J Med 347:1483-1492 American Heart Association. August 2010. [Online] http://www.americanheart.org
  • 11. Any Questions? Thankyou