The document discusses the role of collaborators during the Holocaust. It examines how every level of bureaucracy and institutions in Germany were complicit in the persecution and genocide of Jews. Local police forces actively helped round up and deport Jews to ghettos and camps. Children also participated by throwing rocks and jeering. While some risked their lives to help Jews by providing resources, hiding them, or helping them escape, most people did not intervene due to risks of punishment or indifference. The document explores the complex reasons and choices that led to collaboration as well as examples of righteous individuals who helped Jews.

1. The Eyes Behind the Curtain
Jakub Canda
Alexandra Nguyen
Catherine Pourdavoud
Jennifer To

2. The Genocidal State
“Every arm of the country's sophistcated bureaucracy was involved in the killing
process. Parish churches and the Interior Ministry supplied birth records showing who
was Jewish; the Post Ofce delivered the deportaton and denaturalizaton orders;
the Finance Ministry confscated Jewish property; German frms fred Jewish workers
and disenfranchised Jewish stockholders; the universites refused to admit Jews,
denied degrees to those already studying, and fred Jewish academics; government
transport ofces arranged the trains for deportaton to the camps;
German pharmaceutcal companies tested drugs on camp prisoners; companies bid
for the contracts to build the crematoria; detailed lists of victms were drawn up
using the Dehomag (IBM Germany) company's punch card machines, producing
metculous records of the killings. As prisoners entered the death camps, they were
made to surrender all personal property, which was carefully catalogued and tagged
before being sent to Germany to be reused or recycled. Berenbaum writes that the
Final Soluton of the Jewish queston was "in the eyes of the perpetrators …
Germany's greatest achievement."
Michael Berenbaum

4. "Not one social group, not one religious community, not one scholarly insttuton or
professional associaton in Germany and throughout Europe declared its solidarity
with the Jews."
Saul Friedlander

5. BEGINNING?

6. 1933

8. 1935

9. THE NUREMBERG LAWS

10. 1938

11. DIE KRISTALL NACHT

12. Collaborators
ing
The Beginn
Vienna,
1938
Ant-Sem
itsm
st
is our greate
19 35, “ The Jew w!”
are of the Je
enemy; bew

13. Collaborators
The Local Police
“The Lithuanian army is spread
out in the street; soldiers push,
people drag along, everyone is
electrifed, irritated, exhausted…
and weeping.” –Herman Kruk, The
ly Last Days of the Jerusalem of
to actve
the choice Lithuania: Chronicles from the
M aking oppress Vilna Gheto and the Camps,
1939-1944
“That was when I began to hate them, and my
hatred remains our only link today. They were our
frst oppressors. They were the frst faces of hell
and death.”- Elie Wiesel, Night

14. Collaborators
Not merely “watching” on the sidelines
Laughing, Spitng, Throwing
Rocks
de, No v. 1939
Germany Para
Holocaust Survivor Account: Esther Meisler
arch 1938
Vienna, M

15. Collaborators
Even the children!
st,
Schindler’s Li
Polish girl in eto
f Jews to Gh
Evacuaton o
Inbred ant-Semitsm, fear,
and hate
149
Maus, pg.

16. Collaborators
Bribery
Maus, pg. 89 How much is a human life worth?
Dana Schwartz, Holocaust Survivor Story

17. Collaborators
The line becomes “fuzzy”
Architecture of Mobile Gas Van
concentraton camps Producton
and gas chambers
The questonable:
To blame or not?
Zyklon B Manufacture (Degesch, Degussa,
IG Farbin, Testa)

18. They were neither collaborators nor
resistors

19. Reasons to what led them to be who they are
Dana Schwartz

20. “They simply didn’t care”
“Behind The Curtains”
“Looking the other way”

21. Helping the Jews
• Share informaton
• Provide resources (food,
shelter, etc…)
• Smuggle Jews out of the
ghetos
• Hide Jews
• Help Jewish partsans

22. ..But the Risks!
• Confscaton of all
possessions
• Sent to concentraton
camps
• Poland and other parts
of Eastern Europe:
Death Penalty

23. So Why Help?
• Bribery
• Ant-Nazi
• Moral reasons
• Protectng citzens
• Connectons/relatonships

24. Everyday Heroes
• The “Righteous Gentles”

26. Works Cited
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Justce Research, 2001. Print.
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Kruk, Herman. "The Last Days of the Jerusalem O Lithuania: Chronicles from the Vilna Gheto." German 59: The Holocauast in Film
and Literature. 59-135. Print.
Levi, Primo. Survival in Auschwitz. New York: Orion, 1958. Print.
Sachs, Nelly. "You Onlookers." German 59: The Holocaust in Film and Literature. 53-53. Print.
Schindler's List. Dir. Steven Spielberg. Amblin Entertainment, 1993. DVD.
Schwartz, Dana. "Holocaust Survivor." Holocaust Survivor Day. UCLA, Los Angeles. 25 Feb. 2010. Speech.
Shoah. Dir. Claude Lanzmann. 1985. DVD.
Simaite, Ona. "Leters from a LIbrarian: Lost and Found in Vilna." German 59: The Holocaust In Film and Literature. 137-52. Print.
Spiegelman, Art. "Maus." Comic Strip. Apex Noveltes and Pantheon, 1973. 1-156. Print.
"Testmony Excerpts - Bystander and Two Survivors." Interview. Youtube. Yale University, 9 Oct. 2009. Web. 8 Mar. 2010.
<htp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WByrxGE64Y0>.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Web. 8 Mar. 2010. <htp://www.ushmm.org/>.
Wiesel, Elie. Night. Argentna: Mark Turkov, 1955. Print.