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1. Presentation Page 1
Name = M Noman Raza
= Yasir Khan
Discipline = TS 1
Subject = Computer
DVD (Digital Video Disc)

2. Presentation Page 2
DVD is a digital optical disc storage format, invented and developed
by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs can be played in multiple types of
players, including DVD players. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact discs while
having the same dimensions.
Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data
onto the DVD. Such discs are known as DVD-ROM, because data can only be read and not
written or erased. Blank recordable DVD discs (DVD-R and DVD+R) can be recorded once
using a DVD recorder and then function as a DVD-ROM. Rewritable DVDs (DVD-
RW, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM) can be recorded and erased many times.
The DVD-R format was developed by Pioneer in 1997.[1]
It is supported by most normal DVD
players and is approved by the DVD Forum.
DVD-R is a DVD recordable format. A DVD-R typically has a storage capacity of 4.7 GB.
Pioneer has also developed an 8.5 GB dual layer version, DVD-R DL, which appeared on the
market in 2005.
Data on a DVD-R cannot be changed, whereas a DVD-RW (rewritable DVD) can be rewritten
multiple (1000+) times. DVD-R (W) is one of three competing industry standard DVD
recordable formats; the others are DVD+R(W) and DVD-RAM.
The larger storage capacity of a DVD-R compared to a CD-R is achieved through smaller pit
size and smaller track pitch of the groove spiral which guides the laser beam. Consequently,
more pits can be written on the same physical sized disc. In order to write smaller pits onto
the recording dye layer, a red laser beam with a wavelength of 640 nm (for general use
recordable DVD, versus a wavelength of 780 nm for CD-R) is used in conjunction with a
higher numerical aperture lens. Because of this shorter wavelength, DVD-R and DVD+R use
different dyes from CD-R to properly absorb this wavelength.

3. Presentation Page 3
DVD-R discs are composed of two 0.6 mm acrylic discs, bonded with an adhesive to each
other. One contains the laser guiding groove and is coated with the recording dye and a
silver alloy or gold reflector. The other one (for single-sided discs) is an ungrooved 'dummy'
disc to assure mechanical stability of the sandwich structure, and compatibility with the
compact disc standard geometry which requires a total disc thickness of about 1.2 mm. The
sandwich structure also helps protect the data containing layer from scratches with a thick
"dummy" disc, a problem with CDs, which lack that structure. Double -sided discs have two
grooved, recordable disc sides, and require the user to flip the disc to access the other side.
Compared to a CD's 1.2 mm thickness, a DVD's laser beam only has to penetrate 0.6 mm of
plastic in order to reach the dye recording layer, which allows the lens to focus the beam to a
smaller spot size to write smaller pits.
In a DVD-R, the addressing (the determination of location of the laser beam on the disc) is
done with additional pits and lands (called land pre-pits) in the areas between the grooves.
The groove on a DVD-R disc has a constant wobble frequency used for motor control, etc.
In 2011, JVC announced an archival DVD recording media manufactured with quality control
and inspection frequencies techniques greater than is traditionally used in media
manufacturing, and using specially developed silver alloy as a reflective layer and organic
dye with in-house developed additives to secure long-term data retention.[2]
Sony DVD-R 4.7GB Spindle (50 pcs)
Rs.1, 799

4. Presentation Page 4
Blu-Ray Disc
The information density of the DVD format was limited by the wavelength of the laser
diodes used. Following protracted development, bluelaser diodes operating at
405 nanometers became available on a production basis. Sony started two projects in
collaboration with Philips[8]
applying the new diodes: UDO (Ultra Density Optical),[9]
and DVR
Blue (together with Pioneer),[10]
a format of rewritable discs that would eventually become Blu-
ray Disc (more specifically, BD-RE). The core technologies of the formats are similar.
The first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000
by Sony.[11]
A trademark for the "Blue Disc" logo was filed February 9, 2001.[12]
On February 19,
2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray Disc,[13][14]
and Blu-ray Disc
Founders was founded by the nine initial members.
The first consumer device arrived in stores on April 10, 2003: the Sony BDZ-S77, a $3,800
(US) BD-RE recorder that was made available only in Japan.
On October 4, 2004, the name "Blu-ray Disc Founders" was officially changed to the Blu-ray
Disc Association (BDA), and 20th Century Fox joined the BDA's Board of Directors.[16]
The Blu-
ray Disc physical specifications were completed in 2004.[17]
In January 2005, TDK announced that they had developed an ultra-hard yet very
thin coating polymer for Blu-ray Discs; this was a significant technical advance because a far
tougher protection was desired in the consumer market to protect bare discs against
scratching and damage compared to DVD, while technically Blu-ray Disc required a much
thinner layer for the denser and higher frequency blue laser.[18]
Cartridges, originally used for
scratch protection, were no longer necessary and were scrapped.
Blu-ray Disc (BD) is a digital optical disc data storage format designed to supersede
the DVD format, in that it is capable of storing high-definition video resolution (1080p). The
plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick, the same size as DVDs and
CDs.[4]
Conventional (pre-BD-XL) Blu-ray Discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs
(50 GB) being the industry standard for feature-length video discs. Triple layer discs (100 GB)
and quadruple layers (128 GB) are available for BD-XL re-writer drives.[5]
The name Blu-ray
Disc refers to the blue laser used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a
greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs.
High-definition video may be stored on Blu-ray Discs with up to 1080p resolution (1920×1080
pixels), at up to 60 (59.94) fields per second. Older DVD discs had a maximum resolution of
480p, (NTSC, 720×480 pixels) or 576p, (PAL, 720×576 pixels)

5. Presentation Page 5
Blu-ray Disc
Media type High-densityoptical disc
Encoding H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
VC-1
Capacity 25 GB (single-layer)
50 GB (dual-layer)
100/128 GB (BDXL)
Block size 64 KB ECC[1]
Read
mechanism
405 nm diode laser
Developed by Blu-ray Disc Association[2]

6. Presentation Page 6
Verbatim Blu-Ray Double Layer 50GB 1pk
Price: Rs.1300
Blu-ray Disc is the next-generation optical disc format that was developed to enable recording and
playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data.
The Blu-ray BD-R 2x Dual Layer has a storage capacity of 50GB with 2x writing speed as well as
extremely long recording times of up to 270 minutes (or 4 hours of HDTV) offering even more capacity
along with outstanding burner compatibility and a long service life.
Blu-ray uses a blue-violet laser to read and write data while current optical disc technologies such as
DVD use a red laser. The shorter wavelengths of the Blu-ray technology make it possible to record
more data on the same space. These discs are safeguarded by Verbatim's super hard coat which
protects against everyday wear and tear. With the rapid growth of HDTV, Blu-ray will meet the
consumer demand for recording HD programming and is expected to replace VCRs and DVD recorders
over the coming years.
Features & Benefits:
 Supported by major electric companies (Sony, Pioneer, Panasonic, Samsung.)
 Recordable format for HDTV recording and PC data storage
 Utilizes a blue-violet laser to read and write data allowing for more data storage on a disc with the
same size as a CD/DVD
 Wide power margin of Verbatim BD-media ensures superior drive compatibility
 Super hard coat protects data from scratches
 BD-R recording hardware is required for recording
 Blu-ray player can also be used for BD-R media playback
Dimensions 120 mm (4.7 in) diameter
1.2 mm thickness[3]
Usage Data storage
High-definition
video (1080p)High-
definition audio
Stereoscopic 3D
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Xbox One games