Lecture4 6 19541-tenses

TENSES
• Describe the events that you do as a routine
▫ Elicit answers from students

Possible Answers
I getup early at 5 a.m.
I brush my teeth.
I take a bath.
I reach the mess.
I take my breakfast.
I groom myself.
I walk to my classroom.

TENSES
• The highlighted words describe the event or
activity as a habit.
• Habitual actions are repetitive.
• Therefore, they take the base form of the verb.
(simple present)
• Eg: I put suntan lotion when I go out.

USAGE OF SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
• Habitual action
– I walk ten miles daily.
• Universal truth
– The sun sets in the west.
• Describe events to happen in the near future.
– The school reopens on Monday.
• Facts and General statements
Ice melts when heated
Professional courses require practical skills too.

USE OF PRESENT TENSE
• There are two main uses of the present tense:
1 To make statements of facts
Eg: (a) Two plus two equals four.
(b) Gold dissolves in mercury.
(c) Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.
(d)White House is the official residence of the
President of America

USE OF PRESENT TENSE
• 2 To make generalizations.
Eg: (a) The new Chervolet is the best-looking car
on the road.
(b) Fast food restaurants exploit their
employees.
(c) I shop at Lifestyle.

EXERCISE
• Correct these sentences
1.We learns math at 10:00.
2.I no make mistakes.
3.Does they practice?
4.They no go to Personality Enhancement class on
Wednesday.
5.Does they uses computers on Wednesday?
6.I sings on Wednesday on 1:00.
7.We go to the library on Thursday?
8.You no brings the book home.

Answers
1. We learn math at 10:00.
2. I don't make mistakes.
3. Do they practice?
4. They don't go to Personality Enhancement class
on Wednesday.
5. Do they use computers on Wednesday?
6. I sing on Wednesday at 1:00.
7. Do we go to the library on Thursday?
8. You don't bring the book home

PAST TENSE
• Past Tense is used to describe events that took
place in past time.
• It becomes the primary vehicle for all narration
that deals with time- bounded events.
• Eg: 1 We reported the news to the head.
2 He saw an accident .

PAST TENSE
PAST
REGULA
R
IRREGULA
R

PAST TENSE
• Regular verbs: The regular verbs form their past
by adding –ed or –d to the base form.
BASE FORM PAST FORM
pass passed
cough coughed
smile smiled

PAST TENSE
• Irregular verbs formed the past by using a
different vowel sound in the past form from the
vowel used in the base form.
BASE FORM PAST FORM
dig dug
freeze froze
ring rang
see saw

PAST TENSE
• Some verbs have a vowel change but add a –t
rather than –ed or –d
BASE FORM PAST FORM
keep kept
think thought

PAST TENSE EXERCISE
• She (study) English last night.
• She (clean) the classroom yesterday.
• They (play) football in the field yesterday.
• Johan (see) a crocodile in the river yesterday.
• He (not study) English last night.
• They (not clean) class room yesterday.

ANSWERS
• She studied English last night.
• She cleaned the classroom yesterday.
• They played football in the field yesterday.
• Johan saw a crocodile in the river yesterday.
• He did not study English last night.
• They did not clean class room yesterday.

FUTURE TENSE
• Future tense states when some future action will
take place.
• The future tense is formed by the present form
of the helping verb will, followed by a verb in its
base form.
Eg: (a) The meeting will be tomorrow at four.
(b) I will see you there later.
(c ) I will go to museum tomorrow.
(will in italics, base verbs in bold)

EXERCISE
Fill the gaps with simple future:
1) I guess I (ride) _______ _______ the bus to save
gas.
2) The cookies are all gone. (buy) _______ you
_______ some, please?
3) Listen, team: we (win) _______ _______ the
trophy this year!
4) Everyone is hungry. I (get) _______ _______
some doughnuts for breakfast.
5) Peter, (fix) _______ you _______ the porch
tomorrow?

THE PROGRESSIVE
The progressive is being used to emphasize that
the action of the verb is in progress ongoing at a
particular moment of time.
 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
 PAST PROGRESSIVE
 FUTURE PROGRESSIVE

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
The present progressive is formed by the present
tense of the verb be followed by a verb in the
present participle form:
Present progressive = is/am/are + present
participle (v1+ing)

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Examples:
(a)I am working on it even as we speak.
(b) We are waiting to hear from the boss.
(c ) It is raining like anything.
We use the present progressive when we
want to emphasize that some action is in
progress at the present moment.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
1. Alexander ….. a film. (to watch)
2. We…. a computer game. (to play)
3. The dog…. at the cat. (to bark)
4. Peter…. his rabbits. (to feed)
5. Philipp and Johnny …..a song. (to sing)
6. Mary …..her hair. (to wash)
7. I ……to Doris. (to talk)
8. Peggy ……a picture. (to draw)
9. Henry and his sister …..their mother. (to help)
10. You …….the poem by heart. (to learn)

ANSWERS
1. Alexander is watching a film.
2. We are playing a computer game.
3. The dog is barking at the cat.
4. Peter is feeding his rabbits.
5. Philipp and Johnny are singing a song.
6. Mary is washing her hair.
7. I am talking to Doris.
8. Peggy is drawing a picture.
9. Henry and his sister are helping their mother.
10. You are learning the poem by heart.

What is the common confusion in
Present tenses
• The present tense form of verbs does not really
mean present time.
• In fact, most action verbs actually sound rather
odd when used in the present tense.
• Eg:
?I walk now.
?I run now.

TENSES
If we want to talk about something happening at
the present moment, we do not use the present
tense at all; we use PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Eg: I am walking now.
I am running now.

PAST PROGRESSIVE
• The past progressive is formed by the past tense
of the verb be followed by a verb in the present
participle form:
past progressive = was/were+ present participle
(v1+ing)

PAST PROGRESSIVE
Examples:
(a)I was working on it when you called.
(b) We were waiting to hear from the boss.
We use the past progressive when we want
to emphasize that some action was in
process at a moment or period of past
time.

PAST PROGRESSIVE
1. She …. hockey. (to play)
2. They …. in the pool. (to swim)
3. It ….. (to rain)
4. We ….to music. (to listen)
5. The mobile….. (to ring)
6. The students….. (to text)
7. Max ….with two girls. (to dance)
8. I …. in front of the shop. (to wait)
9. The cat …. in the basket. (to sleep)
10. He ….Gerry's bike. (to repair)

PAST PROGRESSIVE
1. She was playing hockey.
2. They were swimming in the pool.
3. It was raining.
4. We were listening to music.
5. The mobile was ringing.
6. The students were texting.
7. Max was dancing with two girls.
8. I was waiting in front of the shop.
9. The cat was sleeping in the basket.
10. He was repairing Gerry's bike.

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
• The future progressive is formed by the future
tense of the verb be followed by a verb in the
present participle form:
Future progressive = will be + present participle
(v1+ing)

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
Examples:
(a)I will be working on it all next week.
(b)It will be raining by the time we get there.
We use the future progressive when we
want to emphasize that some action will
be in process at some moment or period
in the future.

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
1. Peggy ….to the party on Saturday. (to come)
2. We …… him tomorrow. (to meet)
3. This time next week he…. to South Africa. (to fly)
4. At 6 o'clock on Friday they ….. the new song. (to
sing)
5. It ….when I reach Bangkok. (to rain/probably)
6. Tomorrow at nine I…. a test. (to write)
7. Andy…. a video when I arrive tonight. (to watch)
8. You ….pizza soon. (to eat)
9. She ….when you telephone her. (to sleep)
10. They…..in Budapest just about now. (to arrive)

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
1. Peggy will be coming to the party on Saturday.
2. We will be meeting him tomorrow.
3. This time next week he will be flying to South Africa.
4. At 6 o'clock on Friday they will be singing the new
song.
5. It will probably be raining when I reach Bangkok.
6. Tomorrow at nine I will be writing a test.
7. Andy will be watching a video when I arrive tonight.
8. You will be eating pizza soon.
9. She will be sleeping when you telephone her.
10. They will be arriving in Budapest just about now.

Present Tense
Simple present and Present Continuous
Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

Past Tense
Simple past Past Continuous
Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous

Future Tense
Simple Future Future Continuous
Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous

Overall Timeline with an Example

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
• The present perfect is formed by the present
tense of the helping verb have followed by a
second verb in the past participle form.
present perfect = has/have + past participle (v3)

Example:
1 The kids have watched cartoons all afternoon.
2 The group has sung that song a hundred times.
3 It has rained off and on all summer long.

We use present perfect to describe actions that
have occurred continuously or repeatedly from
some time in the past right up to the present
moment.
• Some common phrases of time are just, already,
always, never, rarely, seldom, before,
ever, lately, recently, often, still not, so far, up to
now, not yet, yet?

PRESENT PERFECT V/S SIMPLE
PAST
The fundamental difference between the present
perfect and the past tense is that
present perfect emphasizes the continual or
repeated nature of events across a span of time,
while
 past tense describes a single event action that
is now or done with.

PAST
Examples:
Eliot has lived in Chicago for ten years.
Eliot lived in Chicago for ten years.
The present perfect sentence tell us two things:
1)Eliot has lived in Chicago continuously for ten
years.
2)Eliot still lives in Chicago now.

PAST
The past tense sentence tells us that ….
While Eliot lived in Chicago for ten years,
He does not live in Chicago anymore.
His presence in Chicago is over and done with.

PAST PERFECT
The past perfect tense is formed by the past tense
of the helping verb have followed by a verb in
the past participle form:
Past perfect = had + past participle. (v3)
eg: They had a big fight before they came to the
conclusion.

USAGE OF PAST PERFECT
• 1. With the help of the past perfect we can
express the idea that one past action followed
another. The action that happened first is in the
past perfect.
• Rita had already left the coffee bar by the time I
arrived.
• Rita had left when I arrived (now)

2. The past perfect is also used to refer to a state.
The state began before a point of time in the past
and continued to that time.
• When I visited Patrick in hospital, he had been
there for ten days

3. We use the past perfect for an action only when
we need to emphasize that it happened before
another action. Compare:
• When Patrick’s friends arrived, he had cooked
the lunch.

FUTURE PERFECT
• We use the future perfect when an action or
event will be complete at a point of time in the
future.
Future perfect= will + have +v3
Eg: I suppose Patrick will have left when we
arrive.

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE• The present perfect progressive is generally used
with verbs which imply continuous actions.
• Often these verbs describe actions which started
at some time in the past and have continued
(almost) up to the present
• and/or will probably continue into the future.
Present perfect progressive = has/ have + been +
v1+ ing

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Examples:
You have been sleeping for more than ten hours.
Rita has been working since early this morning

PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
• We use the past perfect continuous to express
the idea that an action or event had begun before
a point of time in the past and continued up to
(or almost up to) that time.
• Past perfect progressive = had+ been + v1+ ing

PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Examples:
I had been writing.
I had not been working.
Had she been writing?
Patrick had been travelling for three months
when he ran out of money.

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
• The FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
indicates a continuous action that will be
completed at some point in the future.
Future perfect progressive= will have been +v1+
ing
"Next Thursday, I will have been working
on this project for three years."

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Examples:
By the time he finishes this semester, james will
have been studying nothing but parasites for
four years.
Will they have been testing these materials
in the lab before we even get there?

TENSES
Tense in
Independent
Clause
Tense in Dependent
Clause
EXAMPLES
Simple
Present
To show same-time
action, use the present
tense
I am eager to go to the
concert because I love
the Wallflowers
Simple
Present
To show a period of time
extending from some
point in the past to the
present, use the present
perfect tense
They believe that they
have elected the right
candidate
Simple
Present
To show action to come,
use the future tense.
The President says that
he will veto the bill.

TENSESTense in
Independent
Clause
Tense in Dependent
Clause
EXAMPLES
Simple
Past
To show another
completed past action,
use the past tense.
I wanted to go home
because I missed my
parents.
Simple
Past
To show an earlier
action, use the past
perfect tense
She knew she had made
the right choice.
Simple
Past
To state a general truth,
use the present tense.
The Deists believed that
the universe is like a
giant clock.

TENSESTense in
Independent
Clause
Tense in Dependent
Clause
EXAMPLES
Present
Perfect
or
Past
Perfect
For any purpose, use the
past tense.
She has grown a foot
since she turned nine.
The crowd had turned
nasty before the sheriff
returned.

TENSES
FUTURE To show action
happening at the
same time, use the
present tense.
I will be so happy if
they fix my car today.
FUTURE To show an earlier
action, use the past
tense.
You will surely pass this
exam if you studied hard.
FUTURE To show future action
earlier than the action of
the independent clause,
use the present perfect
tense
The college will probably
close its doors next
summer if enrollments
have not increased.

TENSESTense in
Independent
Clause
Tense in Dependent
Clause
Example(s)
Future
Perfect
For any purpose, use the
present tense or present
perfect tense.
Most students will have
taken sixty credits by the
time they graduate.
Most students will have
taken sixty credits by the
time they have
graduated

Negative and Interrogative form

EXERCISE -1
1.We learns math at 10:00.
2.I no make mistakes.
3.Does they practice?
4.They no go to Personality Enhancement class on
Wednesday.
5.Does they uses computers on Wednesday?

Answers -1
1.We learn math at 10:00.
2.I don’t make mistakes.
3.Do they practice?
4.They don’t go to Personality Enhancement class
on Wednesday.
5.Do they uses computers on Wednesday?

EXERCISES -2
• In the following passage from Alex Haley's novel
Roots, some of the tense verbs have been
deliberately omitted.
• Supply the appropriate tense for each missing
verb, the plain form of which is given in
brackets.

EXERCISE-2
In Banjuh, the capital of Gambia, I met a group of Gambians.
They [tell] me how for centuries the history of Africa has been
preserved. In the older villages of the back country, there are
old men called griots, who [be] in effect living archives. Such
men [memorize] and, on special occasions, [recite] the
cumulative histories of clans or families or villages as those
histories [have] long been told. Since my forefather [have] said
his name was Kin-tay (properly spelled Kinte), and since the
Kinte clan [be] known in Gambia, the group of Gambians
would see what they could do to help me. I was back in New
York when a registered letter [arrive] from Gambia. Words
[have] been passed in the back country, and a griot of the Kinte
clan [have], indeed, been found. His name, the letter said, [be]
Kebba Kanga Fofana. I [return] to Gambia and [organize] a
safari to locate him.

ANSWERS -2
• The verbs in RED in the following passage are in the correct
tense.
• In Banjuh, the capital of Gambia, I met with a group of
Gambians. They told me how for centuries the history of Africa
has been preserved. In the older villages of the back country,
there are old men called griots, who are in effect living
archives. Such men memorize and, on special occasions,
recite the cumulative histories of clans or families or villages
as those histories have long been told. Since my forefather
had said his name was Kin-tay (properly spelled Kinte), and
since the Kinte clan was known in Gambia, the group of
Gambians would see what they could do to help me. I was back
in New York when a registered letter arrived from Gambia.
Word had been passed in the back country, and a griot of the
Kinte clan had, indeed, been found. His name, the letter said,
was Kebba Kanga Fofana. I returned to Gambia and
organized a safari to locate him.
• .

Exercise -3
• Recognizing Shifts in Sentences
• Check the following sentences for confusing shifts in
tense.
• If the tense of each underlined verb expresses the
time relationship accurately, write S (satisfactory).
• If a shift in tense is not appropriate, write U
(unsatisfactory) and make necessary changes.
• In most cases with an inappropriate shift, there is
more than one way to correct the inconsistency.
• Reading the sentences aloud will help you recognize
differences in time.

EXERCISES -3 cont…
1. If the club limited its membership, it will have
to raise its dues.
2. As Barbara puts in her contact lenses, the
telephone rang.
3. Thousands of people will see the art exhibit by
the time it closes.
4. By the time negotiations began, many
pessimists have expressed doubt about them.

EXERCISES-3 cont…
5. After Capt. James Cook visited Alaska on his
third voyage, he is killed by Hawaiian islanders
in 1779.
6. I was terribly disappointed with my grade
because I studied very hard.
7. The moderator asks for questions as soon as the
speaker has finished.
8. Everyone hopes the plan would work.

ANSWERS -3
• Correct responses are in bold, and incorrect responses are in
italics.
1. _U_ If the club limited its membership, it will have to raise
its dues. (change will to would)
2. _U_ As Barbara puts in her contact lenses, the telephone
rang. (change puts to put) OR
As Barbara puts in her contact lenses, the telephone rings.
(change rang to rings to illustrate ongoing action)
3. _S_ Thousands of people will see the art exhibit by the time
it closes.
4._U_ By the time negotiations began, many pessimists have
expressed doubt about them. (change have to had)

ANSWERS -3 cont…
5. After Capt. James Cook visited Alaska on his third
voyage, he is killed by Hawaiian islanders in 1779.
(change is to was)
6. _U_ I was terribly disappointed with my grade
because I studied very hard. (change studied to
had studied)
7. _S_ The moderator asks for questions as soon as
the speaker has finished. (asks as habitual
action; will ask is also possible)
8. U_ Everyone hopes the plan would work.
(change hopes to hoped)

Exercise -4 Combine the following sentences by using AFTER /
BEFORE:
1. My mother took her umbrella. She went out.
• ……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Frank called me. I went to school.
• ……………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I washed the dishes. I watched TV.
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. She washed her hands. She had lunch.
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The boys bought a ball. They played football.
• ………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise -4 continued …
6. My mother made a cake. The guests came.
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
7. He put sugar in his tea. He drank it.
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
8.I got up. I had breakfast.
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
9.The children ran away. They broke the window.
• ……………………………………………………………………………………..
10I fastened my seat belt. The plane took off.
• ……………………………………………………………………………………..

ANSWERS -4
1. My mother had taken her umbrella before she went out.
2. Frank had called me before I went to school.
3. I had washed the dishes before I watched TV.
4. She had washed her hands before she had lunch.
5. The boys had bought a ball before they played football.
6. My mother had made a cake before the guests came.
7. He had put sugar in his tea before he drank it.
8. I had gotten up before I had breakfast.
9. The children had run away before they broke the
window.
10. I had fastened my seat belt before the plane took off.

Exercise- 5 Complete the story. Use the verbs in the
brackets
Last year I went (go) on holiday. I ……… (drive)
to the sea with my friend. On the first day we……
(look) at the beautiful buildings and ......... (eat)
in lots of restaurants. The next day …... (be) very
hot so we …………(drive) to the sea. We……....
(leave) our clothes in the car and ………
(sunbathe) and …………. (swim) all day. At six
o’clock we …………. (walk) to our car, but the car
……………(be) there. We ………… (buy) some
clothes and ………………. (go) to the Police
Station. The police ……………. (be) nice and we
…………….. (sleep) in the police station.

Answers -5 Complete the story. Use the verbs in the
brackets:
• Last year I went (go) on holiday. I drove to
the sea with my friend. On the first day we
looked at the beautiful buildings and ate in lots
of restaurants. The next day was very hot so we
drove to the sea. We left our clothes in the car
and sunbathe and did swimming all day. At six
o’clock we walked to our car, but the car was
there. We bought some clothes and went to the
Police Station. The
police was nice and we slept in the police
station.

Exercise -6
Put the verbs in brackets into PRESENT SIMPLE or
PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
Caller: Good morning. …Is…… (be) Mr. Green there?
Man : No, he …………………………. (not / be) here.
He…………………. (work) at the moment. He usually
…………………………… (work) until 4 p.m.
Caller: What about Mrs. Green? Where ………………………… (be)
she?
Man : She ……………………………………. (do) the shopping. She always
………………(do) the shopping on Thursday afternoons.
Caller: Where ……………………………… (be) the children?
Man : They ………………………………….. (play) football. They always
………………… (play) football after school.
Caller: How ……………………………………………. (you / know) all this?
Who are you?
Man : I ………………………….. (be) the burglar!

Answers - 6
• Caller: Good morning. …Is…… (be) Mr. Green
there?
• Man : No, he is not here. He is working at the
moment. He usually works until 4 p.m.
• Caller: What about Mrs. Green? Where is she?
• Man : She is doing the shopping. She always
does the shopping on Thursday afternoons.
• Caller: Where are the children?
• Man : They are playing football. They always
play football after school.
• Caller: How do you know all this? Who are you?
• Man : I am the burglar!

Use PRESENT PERFECT TENSE or PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS to complete the sentence:

1. I’ve bought / have been buying a new pair of shoes.
2.Have you finished / Have you been finishing reading that book yet?
3. They’ve eaten / have been eating fruit all afternoon, ever since they came
from school.
4. I’ve been reading / have read this book now, so you can have it back.
5. I’ve been writing / have written eight pages already.
6. Your exam paper is completely blank! What have you been doing / have
you done?
7. Oh, no! There’s nothing to eat. My sister has been eating / has eaten
everything I left in the kitchen.

Answers- 7
1. I’ve bought a new pair of shoes.
2. Have you been finishing reading that book yet?
3. They have been eating fruit all afternoon, ever since they came from school.
4. I’ve read this book now, so you can have it back.
5. I have written eight pages already.
6. Your exam paper is completely blank! What have you been doing ?
7. Oh, no! There’s nothing to eat. My sister has eaten everything I left in the kitchen.
• .

Exercise - 8 MCQs
Choose the correct tense from the options given below and complete
the following sentence:
1. It …………… me five minutes to get to college.
a. Take b. Takes c. Took d. Taken
2.We are usually ……………..the news on TV at 9:00.
a. Watch b. Watching c. watched d. watches
3. Each July we ………. to Turkey for a holiday.
a. Go b. Goes c. going d. had gone
4. I……………. to believe that he did not know the car was stolen.
a. Refused b. Refuse c. was refusing d. am refusing
5. The growing number of visitors……………….the footpaths.
a. Is damaging b. Are damaging c. damage

MCQs… continued
6. The Prince is coming to visit, and I ………. he is very
rich.
a.Heard b. Hear c. am hearing d. was hearing
7. I have …………………. my hands so that I can help you
with the cooking.
a. Washed b. Wash c. Washes d. Am washing
8. I have …………………….about the traffic before.
a. Complain b. Complained c. complaint d. complaining
9. Prices …………………… sharply over the past six months.
a.Had fallen b. Have fallen c. fell d. were falling
10. 10. When ………………. you arrive in Britain?
a.Does b. Did

MCQs … Continued
11. Chinese craftsmen ……………… both paper and printing.
a. Invented b. Had invented c. were inventing
12 Does it concern you that you ………………….. the test?
a. Fail b. Failed c. were failing d. had failed
13. Marie ……….., at the age of 86, in 1964.
a. Has died b. Died c. had died
14. My head ………………..again, so I went home.
a. Was aching b. Aching c. is aching d. Has been aching
15 She ……………. Up, when the alarm clock went off.
a. Get b. Got c. Gets d. was getting

MCQs… continued
16. He ………………….. hard all his life.
a. Worked b. Was working
17. I ……………………………. until midnight last night.
a. Was reading b. Have been reading
c. am going to read d. will be reading
18. Tim ………………… for the national team in 65 matches so far.
a. Has played b. Had played c. plays d. is playing
19. The next meeting of the committee members ……….. on November
5th
.
a. Is b. Was c. are
20. David …… …… to meet us in the restaurant at 8o’ clock.
a. Is going b. Going c. will be going

MCQs… continued
21. Did you know that Bob and Kath …………………… to get married
next week?
a. Is going b. Are going c. were going
22. I ……………… the letter in his very presence
a. Wrote b. Write c. Writing
23. The sun ………………. in the east.
a. Rises b. Rise c. Will rise
24.She ……………. sad.
a. Seems b. Seem c. Is seeming d. Was seeming
25. He …….. just gone out.
a. Had b. Has

MCQs …. continued
26. He …………………….. for five hours.
a. Has been sleeping b. Had been sleeping
27. The steamer ………………..yesterday.
a. Sailed b. Sail c. Went d. Left
28. When I reached the station the train ……………...
a. Had started b. Has started c. Left d. Started
29. I ……………. twenty next Saturday.
a. Shall be b. Going to be c. Am going to be
30. I won't go out if it ………………...
a. Rains b. Will rain c. Is raining d. Would rain

ANSWERS
1. Takes 2. Watching 3. Go 4.
Refused
5. is damaging 6. hear 7. washed 8.
complained
9. have fallen 10. did 11. invented 12. failed
13. Died 14. was aching 15. got 16.
worked
17. was reading 18. has played 19. is 20. is going
21. are going 22. wrote 23. rises 24. seems
25. Has 26. has been sleeping 27. sailed

Lecture4 6 19541-tenses

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Lecture4 6 19541-tenses