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Anatomy of female reproductive system PART5
1. Ms.Anu Sebastian: B.Pharm; M.Pharm
Assistant Professor,
Dept. Of Pharmacology
Nirmala College Of Pharmacy
Muvattupuzha,Ernakulam,Kerala
2. ORGANIZATION
Gonads: Ovary
Ducts: Fallopian tube
Accessory organs: Uterus,Vagina,Mammary glands,External genitalia
OVARY
Produce secondary oocyte & hormones (Estrogen,Progesteone,Relaxin &
Inhibin)
Location: Inside Pelvic cavity, outside peritoneum.on either side of uterus
These are paired almond/oval shaped glands on either side of
uterus;3*1.5*1 cm in size
3. They develop & expel 1 ovum per month.
A women is born with about 400,000 immature eggs called follicles.
During a lifetime a woman releases about 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for
fertilization.
The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone
and estrogen.
These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg.
Each ovary is held in place by 3 ligaments:
Broad ligament : suspends ovaries between the uterus & pelvic wall.
Ovarian ligament: attaches ovaries to the uterus.
Suspensory ligament : attaches ovaries to the pelvic wall
4. It is covered by 2 layers:
Outer layer is Germinal epithelium made up of low cuboidal/squamous
epithelium.
Inner layer is tunica albugenia made up of whitish fibrous capsule of dense
irregular connective tissue.
Internally ovary is divided into two regions:
Outer cortex: It contains oocytes/ovarian follicles in various stages of
development .The ovarian follicles are surrounded by dense irregular C.T
that contains collagen fibres & fibroblast-like cells called stromatal cells.
Inner medulla: It contains loosely arranged C.T ,blood vessels, lymphatic
vessels & nerves.
5. The ovarian cotex contains many sac like structures called ovarian follicles.
Follicle consists of an immature egg(oocyte)surrounded by several follicle cells
named according to its stage of development.
Follicle cells support/nourish Ova ,secrete estrogen.
Primordial Follicle :One layer of follicle cells around ovum.
Primary Follicle: Primordial follicle with 7-8 layers of follicular cells(Granulosa
cells).
Secondary Follicle: Primary follicle with fuid filled antrum.
Graafian follicle: is a large,fluid filled follicle that is ready to rupture & expel its
secondary oocyte, a process known as Ovulation.
Corpus luteum: It contains the remnants of a mature follicle after ovulation. The
corpus luteum produces progesterone,estrogens,relaxin & Inhibin.
Corpus albicans: the scar tissue formed from corpus luteum.
7. FALLOPIAN TUBE /UTERINE TUBE/OVIDUCT
Two uterine tubes that extend laterally from the uterus.
Tube approx. 10cm long.1 cm diameter.
Having 3 parts:
Infundibulum: It is the funnel shaped portion of the ovary.It opens
into pelvic cavity .
Fimbriae : The finger like projections at the end of infundibulum.
Ampulla: Widest,l ongest portion. It forms lateral 2/3rd of the tube.
Isthmus: Medial,short,narrow thick walled portion. It joins to the
uterus.
9. Histology
It is having 3 parts:
1)Mucosa: It is the innermost layer.
It is made up of ciliated columnar epithelium.
Mucosa also contain nonciliated secretory cells with microvilli called peg cells.
The cilia helps in the movement of fertilized ovum.
Secretory cells nourishes the ovum.
2) Muscularis: It is the middle layer.
Made up of inner thick circular smooth muscle layer & outer thin longitudinal
smooth muscle layer.
The peristaltic contractions help in motility of Ovum.
3)Serosa: It is the outer layer.
It is made up of serous membrane
10. Passageway of secondary oocyte
Ovulation-Release of secondary oocyte from ovary
Release of ovum into pelvic cavity
Ciliated movements of fimbrae-produce local current
Sweeps the ovum into fallopian tube
Encounters with sperm & fertilization in ampulla
Moves toward uterus
Uterine implantation 6-7 days after fertilization.