I have entered here all the enzymes related to the three most important function in Molecular Biology - Replication Transcription and translation .They are concised in three simple charts. Also diagrams of 5 types of Gene that code for mRNA,rRNA,tRNA that are Transcribed by different RNA polymerase.
Enzymes In Transcription, Translation and Replication
1. ENZYMES PROKAROTES EUKAYOTES
Initiator
Dna A --
Helicase Dna B MCM
Ligase-Loader Dna C --
SSB SSB Replication Protein A
Primer Dna G DNA Poly ᾀ/Primase
RNAse DNA Pol - I RNAse H/Fan 1(last nucleotide)
Gap filler DNA Pol - I DNA Poly ᾀ
Ligase DNA Ligase DNA Ligase
Methylator Dam Methyltransferase(GATC)/Seq A Dam Methyltransferase(GATC)/Seq A
Topoisomerase DNA Gyrase/Top- I DNA Gyrase/Top- I,II
Terminator Tus(Ter)1234 --
DNAPolymerases
NAME Function NAME Function
DNA Pol –I 5/
-3/
3/
-5/ RNAse, Gap filling,
DNA repair
DNA Pol – ᾀ, No -
Priming &
Gap-filling
DNA Pol –II No 3/
-5/
Translesion DNA Pol – β
No - Base Excision repair
DNA Pol –III No 3/
-5/
Replication
{ɵ(E-coli)/Rolling-
circle(Bacteriopgase)}
DNA Pol – Ɣ
No
3/
-5/
Mitochondrial DNA
Replication
(Displacement/D Replication)
DNA Pol –VI - -
DNA repair &
Translesion DNA Pol –d
No
3/
-5/ Replication
DNA Pol –V - -
DNA repair &
Translesion
DNA Pol – ɛ
No
3/
-5/
--
Lagging strand is 1000-2000 bp Lagging strand is 100-200 bp
No Telomere
‘Telomerase’ is needed to end the Telomere
Replication
Multirepliconic Monorepliconic
OriC = 9mer + 13 mer(Starting site) Hemimethylation - Seq A(Starting site)
2. ENZYMES PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
RNAPolymerases Sub
Units
Function Types Product
Transcription
Factor
Function
α
Assembly of core enzyme,
Recognition of promoter
(up element)
RNAPol-I
5.8s, 18s
& 28s
rRNA
UBF(Upstream
Binding factor)
Binds Upstream Control
Element
β Catalytic centre SLI(Selectivity Factor 1) Stabilizes UBF binding
β/ Catalytic centre
RNAPol-II mRNA
most of
the
sn RNA
LINE
miRNA
TFII A
Inhibits the binding of TFII D
inhibitor
w Assembly of RNA polymerase TFII B
Additional factor helps retain
TFIIA+TFIID
σ
Recognition of
promoter(Core promoter) &
initiation
TFII C Not known properly
TFII D
(TBP + TAF)
TBP(TATA
binding protein)
Recognize TATA box
TAF(TBP
associated factor)
Recognition of Core
promoter & Regulation of
TBP
TFII E Recruite TFII H
TFII F Recruit RNA pol II
TFII H
Helicase that create
“Open complex” &
Phosphorylation of the C-
terminal domain of largest
subunit of RNA pol II
TFII i Additional factor for
initiationTFII J
RNAPol-III
tRNA
5s rRNA
U6 snRNA
H1 RNA, MRP RNA
7S L scRNA,
7S K scRNA
SINEtranscripts
TFIII A Binds with C box
TFIII B Binds with A and B box
TBP BRF B//
TFIII C Give Direction to The
TFIIIB
Rho(P)
Works for termination in ‘Rho
dependent termination’
process
--
3. -35 box -10 box +1
Starting point
-180 -100 -45 +1 +20
Table 2 Eukaryotic rRNA gene(RNA Pol I)
GC box CAATbox BRE TATA +1 MTE DPE
Intr
Table 3 Eukaryotic mRNA gene(RNA Pol II)
+1 +50 +70 +80 +90
Table 3 Eukaryotic 5s rRNA gene(RNAPol III)
Box
A
Box B
+1 +10 +30 +50 +70
Table 3 Eukaryotic tRNA gene(RNA Pol III)
DSE PSE TATA
+60 +30 +1
Table 3 Eukaryotic U6 snRNA gene(RNA Pol III)
Table 1 Prokaryotic Gene
UCE Core
Element
GC CAAT BRE TATA MTE DPE
Box
A
Box C
4. PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES FUNCTION
Initiation
eIF3, eIF4c
eIF6, eIF4B
eIF4F
Bind to ribosome subunit
IF 1 , IF 3 Bind to mRNA
Initiator tRNA delivery
IF 2
eIF2B eIF2
eIF5
Displacement of other factor
Elongation
eEF1a Aminoacyl tRNA delivery
EF-Tu
EF-Ts eEFβƳ Recycling of EF-Tu/eEF1a
EF-g eEF2 Translocation
Termination
eRF Polypeptide Chain release
RF1, RF2,RF3
Ribosome Binding site(RBS) Scaning of 5/
methylated cap
ISER(Poliovirus)
Cap Snitching(Influenza)
Shine-Dalgarno sequence KOzak Sequence
AGGAGGU G/ACCAUGG