This presentation is related to the working of Radar Bullet. Radar Bullet is one of the applications of RADARS. It is widely employed in detection of landmines without any risk factor. This presentation was created using several references. Thanks for the valuable information.

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 What is a Landmine?
 Methods Used For Landmine Detection
 What is a Radar Bullet?
 Principle of RADAR
 Working of Radar Bullet
 About Magnetic Flux Compression
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Future Prospects
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
 Land mines are very dangerous explosives which are
used for wars.
 Countries like Afghanistan ,Iraq & Bosnia etc are the
victims of these landmines.
 Implanted landmines have to be detected & diffused
properly.
 Else there will be loss of human life.

4. WHAT IS A LANDMINE ?
 It is an explosive device used to disable, immobilize or
kill.
 It is activated either by a person or vehicle
or by electric wire or radio signal.
 Most land mines are laid on just below the surface of
ground and are activated by pressure.

5. METHODS USED FOR LANDMINE
DETECTION
 The following are few methods used for detection of land
mines:
 Metal detection
 Explosive detection
 Radar Bullet

6. METAL DETECTION
 Metal is one of the most common component of a
landmine.
 Metal detectors are capable of signaling the presence of
minute metal piece.
 Mines can also be casted from different materials like
wood, plastic & synthetic.
 But from detection point of view metal is a easier
component to detect.
 Metal free mines are also there, but they pose a
challenge to the detectors.

7. EXPLOSIVE DETECTION
 The explosives are one common ingredient that is found
in all mines.
 Detecting explosives however is a complicated process.
 Explosive detection under field conditions is being carried
out using snuffer dogs.
 A dog’s nose has proven to be a very sophisticated and
reliable sensor, however handling these snuffer dog
squads and ensuring consistent behavior in varied
hazard scenarios is a complicated and demanding tasks.

8. CONTD..
 Metal detection and Explosive detection is
conducted in close proximity.
 That is detection is conducted after going very near
to the mine. This method can prove to be
dangerous in many occasions. So these are not
considered to be the safest methods.
 Hence a safer method is employed in detecting
land mines which is “mine detection using radar
bullets”

10.  The radar bullet is a special type of bullet.
 The main use of radar bullet is to find landmines without
setting foot on the ground.
 This consists of firing a special bullet in to the ground
from a helicopter.
 The bullet is designed in such a way that it gives out
powerful blast of radio waves from under the ground.
 This pulse strikes the mine and its image gets available
on the computer in the helicopter, offering a safe and
efficient way of finding land mines.
WHAT IS A RADAR BULLET?

12. RADAR PRINCIPLE
 RADAR is Radio Detection And Ranging.
 Radar is a sensor that makes use of radio waves to
detect and locate objects.
 It operates by transmitting electro magnetic energy into
the surroundings and detecting energy reflected by
object.
 If a narrow beam of this energy is transmitted by the
directive antenna, the direction from which reflections
come and hence the bearing of object may be estimated.

13. CONTD..
 Radars usually consists of the following principal parts:
the transmitter antenna, receiver, and display.
 The transmitter will transmit an electro magnetic signal
through the antenna, which will hit the target and reflect
back to the same antenna.
 The time difference between the signal transmission and
reception is calculated, which will help us to measure the
distance of the target from the radar.

14. RADAR DISPLAY

15. WORKING OF RADAR BULLET
 First of all a special bullet in fired downward into the
ground , from a gun mounted on a helicopter flying about
100 m above the ground.
 The bullet in designed in such a way that it gives out
powerful blast of radio waves from under the ground.
 The bullet will produce a pulse of radio waves as it
pierces the ground and signal is reflected from any
landmines within about a 15 meter radius will be detected
by an antenna on the helicopter.

16. CONTD..
 Once the mines are located they can be destroyed
at once or there exact position are noted so they
can be destroyed at once or their exact positions
are noted so that can be diploid later. And if the
bullet hits it, it would explode.
 The Radar pulse is generated from the bullets
kinetic energy by a process known as, “Magnetic
flux compression.”

18. MAGNETIC FLUX COMPRESSION
 Inside the bullet is a metal cylinder, surrounded by a
tightly wounded coin of wire.
 As the bullet leaves the gun, there is a battery
generating a magnetic field in the cylinder.
 When the bullet smashes into the ground ,the sudden
deceleration forces the cylinder out from inside the coil.
 The sudden movement of the metal cylinder through the
magnetic field induces a large pulse of current in the
coil.
 The coil thus acts like an antenna converting the pulse
into a short burst of high frequency radiation.

19. ADVANTAGES
 The light weight system can be fitted to any helicopter (i.e gun,
computer controls etc.)
 Extremely small bullets can be used for detection (A 30 mm
bullet gives out a 4 kW radar pulse. Almost 10 times more
power than a standard ground penetrating radar from 20cm
down)
 Also since the bullet is beneath the surface of the ground, it
transmits more radio wave into the ground. (For ordinary
penetrating radar, little radiation penetrates the soil, most is
reflected by the ground because of the sudden change in
density between the air and the soil. Here the radiation has to
change the medium twice. First from air to ground, and then
after reflection, from ground into air. Therefore weak signals
are obtained. But in radar bullet principle the radiation has to
change the medium only once i.e.; from the ground into the air
and hence stronger signals are obtained.)

20. DISADVANTAGES
 It cannot detect plastic land mines, but researches are
working hard to overcome this.
 Since the equipment is to be mounted on a helicopter,
the cost of operation is higher.
 But considering its future prospects and the static’s
released by red –Cross, cost can never be considered as
a disadvantage.

21. FUTURE PROSPECTS
o As the UN has already implemented a worldwide
ban on anti-personal mines. The invention of radar
bullet helps to speed up the destruction of mines.
o Mass graveyards which result from internal civil
wars as in Cambodia, Kosovo and in same African
nations can be detected using radar bullets.
o This can be applied is future space travels, when
we go to a different planet, in that case we can
shoot this bullet in to the ground and detect mineral
deposits and other deposits.

22. CONCLUSION
 Mines are major cause of concern in many
countries. Detection and removal of mines is very
important as it is hazardous to both man and
animals alike.
 The conventional methods that are being used right
now for mine detection involves working in close
proximity for the mines.
 So overall mine detection using radar bullets is a
cutting edge technology that is safe and effective.
 With all its advantages it may be hoped that mine
detection using radar bullets will be more used in
detection of mine there by making the world safer
place to live in.