Lesson 4 in Visual Arts 10 2nd Quarter

1. SCULPTURE
ABRIEFHISTORY
La Salle University Integrated School
Visual Arts 10
Mr. Al-lyn L. Vocal

2. Ifyoudon’tknowhistory,
thenyoudon’tknowanything.
Youarealeafthatdoesn’tknow
itispartofatree.
Michael Crichton

3. TimelineHistoryofSculpture
Paleolithic
Period
35,000 BCE
Egyptian
Sculpture
2500 BCE
Greek
Sculpture
Early
Classical
323 BCE – 31 CE
Rise of
Christianity
325 AD
Gothic
Sculpture
13th Century
AD
Renaissance
Sculpture
15th Century
AD
The 19th
and 20th
Centuries
Modernism

4. PALEOLITHIC
PERIOD
35,000 BCE
The löwenmensch
statuette

5. THELÖWENMENSCHSTATUETTE
- an ivory statuette from the Paleolithic
period, dating back to around 35,000 BC
- one of the oldest sculptures ever
discovered in a cave in Hohlenstein-Stadel,
Germany in 1939
- carved out of mammoth tusk
- called Löwenmensch (German for ‘lion
human’)
- about 12” tall and depicts a human figure
with a feline face

6. THELÖWENMENSCHSTATUETTE
- has been estimated that the carving, using
primitive flint tools, likely took more than
350 hours to complete
- because tribes of the time lived on the
edge of subsistence, spending such an
extended amount of time in making this
statuette suggests it must have been an
extremely important artifact
- may have, perhaps, been intended for use
in a shamanistic ritual, to curry protection
for the tribe, or ensure a ‘good hunt’

7. EGYPTIAN
SCULPTURE
2500 BCE
The great sphinx
of giza

8. THEGREATSPHINXOFGIZA
- one of the world’s
most famous
sculptures
- the head of a human on
the body of a lion
- carved out of the
limestone bedrock
- measures 65’ high and
240’ long

9. THEGREATSPHINXOFGIZA
- has since been restored
using stone blocks
- some historians believed
the head is that of the
pharaoh, Khafra
- though generally thought
to date back to about
2500 BC, evidence of
water erosion suggests it
might possibly be much
older

10. GREEKSCULPTURE
EARLYCLASSICAL
323 BCE – 31 CE
Laocoön and
his sons

11. LAOCOÖNANDHISSONS
- distinction between the
sacred and the secular
- the Greek gods were thought
to have human form thus, the
human form was considered
to be the most important
subject in Greek art
- in sculpture, the early Greeks
followed the Egyptian format
very closely, carving very stiff,
blocky figures in stone

12. LAOCOÖNANDHISSONS
- during the Early Classical period of
the 4th and 5th centuries BC, and
transitioning into the Hellenistic
period, sculptors began to break away
from the rigid, Egyptian influenced
model
- Sculpture began to take on a much
more realistic, natural look, with
marble or bronze, not stone, the
favored medium
- the subject matter depicting a greater
sense of power and energy, became
much less restricted to gods and
nobles

13. Riseof
Christianity
325 AD
The colossus of
constantine

14. THECOLOSSUSOFCONSTANTINE
- the Roman Empire was largely
polytheistic
- Sculptured works were generally
intended to honour a variety of
different Gods or members of nobility
- Emperor Constantine made
Christianity the official religion, and we
start to see a shift in the subject matter
of popular sculpture
- Giant statues became less common, and
portraiture began to dominate the field
of Roman sculpture

15. Gothic
Sculpture
13th Century AD
Gargoyle :
Notre Dame Cathedral,
paris

16. GARGOYLE
- Gothic era expanded on the
religious sculptures of the
early medieval period and
the figures on churches
became more elaborate
- Prominent Biblical figures
were shown in very high
relief sculptures, which were
often situated, free-standing,
around the church

17. Renaissance
Sculptures
15th Century AD
Michelangelo’s
PIETA

18. MICHELANGELO’SPIETA
- by the beginning of the 15th
century, the Renaissance ushered
in an eclectic study of the
humanities, including science,
astronomy, and mathematics
- artists began to revisit the
thoughtful and dignified
perfection of Classical times
- the invention of the printing press
propagated these ideas, and
artists began to show more
interest in a scientific approach to
reality

19. MICHELANGELO’SPIETA
- the Renaissance masters, including
Donatello, Michelangelo, Raphael, and
Leonardo da Vinci, were figureheads of
the times
- Donatello was an Italian sculptor who
worked in Florence in the mid 15th
century
- Leonardo da Vinci was a student of
Donatello
- one of the most famous artists of all
time, Michelangelo, was born in 1475. A
genius and true ‘Renaissance Man’, one
of Michelangelo’s first sculptures was
‘Madonna and Child’, completed when
he was only 16

20. MICHELANGELO’SPIETA
- in 1497, he was
commissioned to carve
a Pieta
- showing the Virgin Mary
grieving over the body of
her deceased son
- completed when he was
only 24 years old
- only work of art that
Michelangelo ever signed

21. MICHELANGELO’SPIETA
- after it was unveiled, he
heard spectators giving
credit to others
- so he snuck into the church in
the middle of the night to
make one last addition to his
masterpiece
- carved into the ribbon across
the Virgin’s chest, it reads,
“Michelangelo Buonarroti,
Florentine, made this.”

22. The19th and
20th Centuries
August rodin’s
the thinker

23. AUGUSTRODIN’STHETHINKER
- in the 19th and 20th centuries, the
art world reflected the rapid-fire
changes brought about by the
Industrial Revolution
- instead of focusing on perfect
anatomy, details, and storytelling,
artists began to pay more attention
to what they perceived ‘below the
surface’
- Personal expression and style took
on greater importance in creating a
truer rendition of reality

24. AUGUSTRODIN’STHETHINKER
- Auguste Rodin is one
of the more famous of
the sculptors of the
time, and is considered
the father of modern
sculpture

25. Modernism
Picasso cubist sculpture

26. PICASSOCUBISTSCULPTURE
- a variety of art movements occurred during
the modernist movement of the early 20th
century. Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Pop
Art, Minimalism, and Futurism all came
about during this period
- Marcel Duchamp was one artist of the time
who challenged the notion of what art really
is
- Duchamp was part of the Dada movement, a
reaction to WWI that was basically ‘anti-
everything’
- Duchamp’s 1917 exhibit, entitled ‘Fountain‘,
illustrates perfectly the pessimism,
exasperation, and absurdity of the
movement

27. PICASSOCUBISTSCULPTURE
- although most famous as a
painter, Pablo Picasso did also
produce some sculptural pieces
- in fact, his mixed media sculptures
were especially influential in the
beginning of the 20th century
- these early sculpture creations
employed a variety of unlikely
objects, including cardboard, bike
seats, plywood, tree branches, etc.

28. Philippine
Sculpture

29. BonifacioMonument
- Filipino sculptors came to be known
in the middle of the 19th century
- Classical Philippine sculpture
reached its peak in the works of
Guillermo Tolentino (1890-1976)
- his best known masterpiece is
the Bonifacio Monument, which is a
group sculpture composed of
numerous figures massed around a
central obelisk

30. BonifacioMonument
- the principal figure is Andres
Bonifacio, leader of the
revolution against Spain in 1896
- behind him stands Emilio
Jacinto, the brains of the
Katipunan
- the Bonifacio Monument -
completed in 1933 -- marked
the apex of Tolentino'’s career

31. AllegoricalHarpoon, ArtPhilippines
- Napoleon Abueva (born 1930), one
of Tolentino'’s pupils, is one of the
pioneering modernists in sculpture
- He used various media
- and his stylization bordered on the
abstract as in Allegorical Harpoon, in
which the dominant horizantal
thrust of the figure evokes the
vitality of primitive forms

32. Fredesvinda,TheAseanSculptures
- Abueva'’s more famous
work is Fredesvinda,
which was included in the
First ASEAN Sculpture
Symposium held in Fort
Canning Hill, Singapore,
from March 27 to April
26, 1981

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