jackfruit production technology of jackfruit production technology production technology of fruit and plantation crops

1. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR FRUIT
AND PLANTATION CROP
AGRI2014
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR
CULTVATION OF JACK FRUIT
CAT-3
SUBMITTED BY-
AKSHAY CHOUDHARY(19SBS2080050)
ARJUN SINGH(19SBS2080060)
SIDDHARTH(19SBS2080037)
PRIYANKA(19SBS2080109)

2. : Artocarpus heterophyllus
: Moraceae.
❑ Scientific name
❑ Family
❑ Origin
❑ Chromosome No. :
❑ Common name :
: India
2n=56
Kathal, Panasa, Jaca, Nangka, Kanoon, Mit
❑ National fruit of Bangladesh, State tree of Kerala
❑ The jackfruit is called ‘Poor man’s food’ in eastern and southern parts
of India. It is the largest fruilt in the world.
The edible part in jackfruit are fully developed perianths
referred to as Flakes.

3. Jack fruit is indigenous to India, commonly grown in Sri Lanka,
Malaysia, Brazil, Jamaica, Myanmar, Singapore, India, In India; it grows
in a wild and semi-wild state in Assam, W.B, Tripura, UP and parts of
western ghats.
Species and varieties:
➢ A. hetrophyllus previously known as A. integnifolia.
➢A. altilis - bread fruit- small sized round fruit, found in TN, Assam,
&Kerala.

4. ❑ Immature fruit used as Vegetable .
❑ Seeds are boiled, roasted and used in culinary preparation.
❑ Commercial Pectin extraction from skin and fruit core.
❑ Jacaline major protein found in jackfruit seeds, inhibited the growth
of HIV infection in-vitro.
❑ Rich in β-carotene , a precursor to vitamin A.
❑ Lectine, a natural protein from fruit is used in cancer treatment.
❑ Antibiotics, anti- hypersensitive, anti-ulcer, anti-ageing propertiesare
found.

5. ➢ A variety GKVK-1 and Swarna with superior quality fruits were
released from Karnataka .
➢ Gumless jack, Muttan Varica from Kerala found better.
➢ The variety Singapore or Ceylon Jack is remarkable for its early
bearing in 2 1 /2 to 3 years; the fruits are medium in size (7-10 kgs).
The flesh is sweet and crispy. The carpels are compacts, yellow and
firm with strong aroma, the fruit contain about GKVK-1
80 seeds.
VARIETIES

6. Soil and climate
:
➢The jackfruit can grow on variety of soil although prefers rich, deep
alluvial soil. Proper drainage is ideal for cultivation. The fruit tree is very
well suited for dry land conditions.It can be grown on open textured soil or
lateritic soil.
➢The fruit tree comes up well under humid and warm climate of hill
slopes, arid warmer plains of south India. It is grown up to 1500m from
MSL. Quality of the fruit deteriorates in higher altitudes.Cold weather and
frost are harmful.

7. Propagation
1. Seed - Most common method of propagation of jackfruit by seed.
➢ Genearlly 4-5 seeds are planted in situ so that the taproot can grow
undisturbed. 70 percent of the seeds germinate with in 15 days after
extraction.
➢ larger seeds germinate better. Soaking of the seeds in water for 24 hours
has been found to improve the germination.
➢ Soaking in 25 ppm NAA for 24 hours gives better germination.
➢ Removing outer thin leathery seed coat and soaking in water for 8 hours
improved germination.
➢ Treatment seeds with biotin ( 10ppm) and kinetin (50ppm) resulted in
significantly higher vigour index.

8. 2.Vegetative propagation
Cuttings –Maximun rooting of cuttings .observed by etiolation and forcing of
shoots followed by treatment with 3000 ppm lBA, and then keeping under a mist.
No rooting was obtained without dipping in IBA, Survival of cuttings was 50-70m.
Layering :
➢ Air-layering- Treatment with IBA improved the root formation.
Pre-treatments of shoots like girdling, etiolation and treatment
with IBA and NAA were found more effective in rootingof
layers.
➢ When coconut pith was used as rooting medium in one year old
shoots 81 percent rooting was observed.

9. Cultivation
Planting - Square system is followed for planting.
➢Hexagonal system may be followed in less fertile soil.
➢In fertile soil a spacing upto 12 m x 12 m accommodating 70
plants per hectare will be sufficient for this fruit crops.
➢On average trees may be planted at 11 m apart.
➢ Shorter spacing in fertile soil will lead top crowding of trees.
➢ For planting jackfruit, 1 m cube pits are dug at least 10 days
before planting.

10. Irrigation
The jackfruit is not normally irrigated. The trees are sensitive to
drought. Irrigation during dry periods is considered essential in
arid regions for normal growth. In order to economist use of
water, ring system may be adopted.
Manuring and fertilization
➢It is advisable to apply 80 kg of farmyard manure per tree per year.
➢Application of farmyard manure (37 kg/plant), 750 g ammonium
sulphate, 625 g single superphosphate and 300 g muriate of potash
per plant per year.

11. Diseases
➢ Fruit rot (Rhizopus artocarpi)- The disease causes premature fall of
young fruits due to rotting and may result in heavy loss in yield
under unusually humid conditions. Spraying of dithane M-45
(0.2%) and bavistin (0.05%) at 15 days interval during fruit growth
was found effective in controlling fruit rot.
➢ Pink disease, stem rot, male inflorescence rot and soft rot are
occasionally noticed in jackfruit.
➢ However, these diseases are not serious maladies and can be
controlled by pruning the affected parts and using Bordeaux paste at
the cut-ends.

12. Ripening and storage
➢The fruit ripens when the maximum temperature reaches during the
end of the summer season. In colder regions, the fruits mature late.
➢A two-fold increase in pulp colour (carotenoid pigments) was observed
from harvest maturity to eating ripe stage.
➢Dry matter. alcohol insoluble solids, and starch contents decreased with
ripening. Sucrose found the major sugar followed by fructose and
glucose.
➢Citric and malic acids were the major non-volatilce organic acids
identified.Jackfruit also contained very little tanins and their
concentration decreased during ripening.

13. Harvesting and yield
Harvesting- Tender jackfmits are harvested for use as vegetable
during early spring and summer until the seeds harden.
➢ The fruit matures towards the end of summer in June. Period of fruit
development is February to June.
➢ The optimum stage of harvest maturity of jackfruit has been
reported to be 90-110 days after the appearance of the spike
Harvesting is done by cutting off the footstalks carrying the fruits.

14. Yield –
➢ Bearing starts from the seventh to eighth year when a few
fruits may develop.
➢ The tree reaches its peak bearing stage within fifteen to
sixteen years after planting.
➢ Yield is not similar every year. Normally, a tree bears a
few to about 250 fruits annually at this stage.
➢ The weight of fruits varies widely depending on the type.
 Individual jackfruit may weigh from about 1 kg to about
20 kg.

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