PV Based MPPT Evaluation of Perturb and Observe & Fuzzy Logi Control

1. Presented By:
RAHUL GHORE ( 0536EE17MT11)
Under the guidance of:
Prof. Subinoy Roy, (Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical Engineering

2. Introduction
2
 The photovoltaic (PV) system is used either as a stand-alone system; such as
street lighting, electric vehicles, space applications, etc. or grid connected in
power plants.
 The output power from the PV arrays depending on the solar irradiance, the
temperature and the connected load. It is desired to track the maximum power
from the PV arrays to increase its efficiency.
 The different MPPT techniques are also proposed in this thesis to continuously
track the maximum power from the PV array. The differences between these
MPPT algorithms are; the ease of implementation, the cost, the required
sensors, the effectiveness and the speed response to track the maximum power.
 Provides a practical and simulation comparison between different MPPT
algorithms. A dc-dc converter is used to maintain the connected load operating
at the maximum power extracted from the PV array, without affecting to the
connected load change and under operating atmospheric conditions. This
power converter is connected between the PV array and the connected load

3. 3
INSIDE A SOLAR PV CELL
An ideal solar cell can be considered as a current source.
The current produced is proportional to solar irradiation falling on it. A typical
cell produces about 0.5 V to 1V.
Equations Involved

4. 4
SOLAR MODULE IN SERIES & PARALLEL

5. 5
GENERIC I-V CURVE OF PV MODULE

6. TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE
EFFECT
6
1. With Increase of Temperature Voc decreases & corresponding Pout
decreases.
2. With Increase of Irradiance Voc increases hence increase in Pout is
observed.

7. SOLAR PARAMETERS
7
 Short Circuit Current (Isc): Short circuit current is max current
produced by a solar cell when its terminals are short circuited.
 Open Circuit Voltage (Voc): Open circuit voltage is the max voltage
that can be obtained from a solar cell when its terminals are left
open. The upper limit of Voc is decided by the band gap Eg.
 Fill Factor (FF): Fill Factor is defined as ratio of maximum power to
the product of Voc and Isc. FF is 1 for ideal case. Practically its
value ranges from 0.8 to 0.89.
FF = Vm x Im/Voc x Isc
 Efficiency : Efficiency is defined as ratio of maximum power of
module to power delivered by solar irradiance or it can be defined
as ratio of product of Voc ,Isc and FF to solar irradiance .
Efficiency = Vocx Isc x FF/ Pin

8. PROBLEM DEFINITION
8
 The actual energy conversion efficiency of PV systems is rather
low due to its initial high manufacturing cost of solar module
and its non-linear I-Vcharacteristics under different atmospheric
conditions.The conversion efficiency typically is in the range 12:
20%. Moreover the range of efficiency can be dropped further
during varying solar irradiation, panel temperature and load
conditions
 When the PV module is directly connected to a load, the
operating point of the system will be at the intersection of the I-
V curve of the PV module and the load line. The PV system
efficiency can be increased by operating the PV module at its
maximum power available and thus the operating costs can be
reduced

9. PROBLEM DEFINITION
9
 In most conditions, the operating point doesn't locate at the
Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV array. To overcome this
problem, there are many MPPT methods can be used to maintain
the operating point of the PV array at the MPP When the PV
module is directly connected to a load, the operating point of the
system will be at the intersection of the I-V curve of the PV
module and the load line. The PV system efficiency can be
increased by operating the PV module at its maximum power
available and thus the operating costs can be reduced
 It can be achieved by using a dc-dc converter, located between
the PV array and the load.

10. Objective to design convertor
10
 It is desired to transfer the maximum power, produced by the PV
array (under different operating atmospheric conditions), to the
load.
 The main objective of is to design and implement a robust MPPT
technique employing a buck-boost converter.
 A robust MPPT technique should be capable of feeding the load
with the maximum power under different operating atmospheric
conditions andregardless load variations.
 Moreover, the proposed technique must have a good performance
either in transient or steady state to overcome the limitation of the
conventional techniques.
 The MPPT methods will be discussed in chapter two in details.
They differ in complexity, time response and hardware
implementation.

11. Objective to design convertor
11
 The main purpose of this research is to design and implement a
fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracker for a photovoltaic
power supply.
 In order to accomplish this work, an MPPT model consisting of a
dc-dc converter and a fuzzy logic controller is developed. Analyses
of buck, boost, and buck-boost converter characteristics are then
carried out to choose the most suitable topology that fits all
components of the entire PV system.
 A combined model of the PV module and the selected buck-boost
converter is simulated, and the results used to obtain the best
design neededto formulate and tune the fuzzy logic control
algorithm for tracking the maximum power.

12. 12
Basic Of MPPT
To automatically find the voltage (VMPP) or current (IMPP) at which a PV array
should operate to obtain the maximum power output (PMPP)under a given
temperature and irradiance

13. 13
CHOICE OF MPPT TECHNIQUE
IMPLEMENTATION
COMPLEXITY
ABILITY TO
DETECT MULTIPLE
LOCAL MAXIMA
COST
RESPONSE TIME
APPLICATION

14. P-V CURVE FOR MPPT
14
Waveforms of devices for one switching cycle.

15. NEED FOR MPPT
15
IRRADIANCE & TEMPERATURE VARIATION
LOW CONVERSION EFFICIENCY(9-17%)
TO MAXIMIZE OUTPUT POWER
TO MAXIMIZE THE EFFICIENCY

16. MPPT TECHNIQUES
16
MPPT
Technique
Indirect Method
direct Method
Fix Voltage method
Fractional Open
Circuit Voltage
Method
Perturb & Observe
Method
Incremental
Conduction Method

17. PERTURB & OBSERVE
(P&O)/HILL CLIMBING METHOD
17
Incrementing the voltage
increases
the power when operating on
the
left of the MPP and decreases
the
power when on the right of
the MPP
Direct measurement
of current, voltage
and power
Faster and accurate
response

18. DRAWBACKS OF P&O
METHOD
18
 Hill climbing and P&O methods can fail under rapidly changing
atmospheric conditions.
 The process is repeated periodically until the MPP is reached.
 The system oscillates about the MPP.
 Smaller perturbation size slows down the MPPT
 If the irradiance fluctuates and shifts the power curve within one
sampling period, the operating point will fluctuate

19. A QUICK REVIEW FUZZY
LOGIC
19
Definition of fuzzy
 Fuzzy – “not clear, distinct, or precise; blurred”
Definition of fuzzy logic
 A form of knowledge representation suitable for notions that cannot
be defined precisely, but which depend upon their contexts
Slowest Slow Fast Fastest
Speed =0 Speed =0.75
Speed =0.5 Speed =1.0

20. FUZZY CONTROLLER IN PV
20

21. FUZZY LOGIC MPPT
CONTROLLER
21
RULES
FUZZIFICATION INFERENCE
DEFU
DEFUZZIFICATION

22. E - (b) change of error CE - (c)
duty ratio D
22
DEFU

23. The Rules of The fuzzy Logic
System (7 layers)
23
DEFU

24. FUZZY LOGIC FLOWCHART IN
MPPT
24

25. RESULTS
25
 Suggested Fuzzy Logic Control-based MPPT was developed and
simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. Figure 9 shows our finished
Simulation results. With stable temperatures and varying insulation (0
to 1000 W/m2), parametric study evaluates fuzzy logic-based MPPT
control to classic P&O technique. scaling factor of cumulative
current is chosen by through trial and error in P&O technology.
MPPT control, as shown in Fig. 8.1, is made up of two primary
components: FLC and current control.
 System model depicted in Fig below was constructed in
Simulink/MATLAB at various illumination levels. To verify fuzzy
controller's efficacy and economy of converter, data of MPPT's
output and input energy were collected at solar insolation (1000w/m2,
800w/m2, 600w/m2, 400w/m2, 200w/m2), and pulse width was
recorded at various radiation levels..
 Source current are Continuous.

26. with DC load
26
Discrete,
Ts = 5e-005 s.
powergui
v
+
-
VM2
v
+
-
VM1
T
S
Uout
I
Subsystem1
Scope5
Scope3
Scope2
Scope1
R1
R
Product1
Product
V
I
D
MPPT
L
g
C
E
IGBT
Diode
s
-
+
Controlled Current Source
400
Constant1
25
Constant
i
+
-
CM3
C1 C

27. load
27

28. control technique with DC load
28
Discrete,
Ts = 5e-005 s.
powergui
v
+
-
VM2
v
+
-
VM1
T
S
Uout
I
Subsystem1
Scope5
Scope3
Scope2
Scope1
R1
R
Product1
Product
V
I
D
MPPT
L
g
C
E
IGBT
Diode
s
-
+
Controlled Current Source
400
Constant1
25
Constant
i
+
-
CM3
C1 C

29. controller.
29

30. load
30

31. with AC load
31
Discrete,
Ts = 5e-005 s.
powergui
v
+
-
VM1
g
A
B
C
+
-
Universal Bridge
z
1
Unit Delay A
B
C
Three-Phase Source
Vabc
Iabc
A
B
C
a
b
c
Three-Phase
V-I Measurement
A
B
C
Three-Phase
Series RLC Load
T
S
Uout
I
Subsystem1
Scope3
Scope2
Scope1
R1
Product
V
I
D
MPPT
L
g
C
E
IGBT
Uref
Pulses
Discrete
PWM Generator
Diode
s
-
+
Controlled Current Source
400
Constant1
25
Constant
i
+
-
CM3
C1 C

32. load
32

33. technique with AC load
33
Discrete,
Ts = 5e-005 s.
powergui
v
+
-
VM1
g
A
B
C
+
-
Universal Bridge
z
1
Unit Delay A
B
C
Three-Phase Source
Vabc
Iabc
A
B
C
a
b
c
Three-Phase
V-I Measurement
A
B
C
Three-Phase
Series RLC Load
T
S
Uout
I
Subsystem1
Scope3
Scope2
Scope1
R1
Product
V
I
D
MPPT
L
g
C
E
IGBT
Uref
Pulses
Discrete
PWM Generator
Diode
s
-
+
Controlled Current Source
400
Constant1
25
Constant
i
+
-
CM3
C1 C

34. with AC load
34

35. Advantages of the Converter
35
 Continuity of supply can be maintained and hence reliability of the
system increases.
 Source current are Continuous.
 Power can be drawn from both the sources so reliability of the
system will increase.
 Deliver power to the load in stand-alone mode or simultaneously.
 Multi-input converter has higher system efficiency and high power
density.

36. Applications
10
Telecom Power Supply.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle.
Solar Power System.
Switched Mode Power Supply.
DC to DC converters developed to maximize the
energy harvest for photovoltaic systems and for wind
turbines are called power optimizers.
V2G application

37. 37
• Analyses of the various dc-dc converter topologies pointed to buck-boost
topology as the most promising approach for the maximum power tracker.
Therefore, we modeled the PV module and buck-boost converter, and
validated them in Simulink. We then used the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in
MATLAB to formulate the fuzzy logic algorithm
• By combining the PV module and converter model with the fuzzy logic
controller, we created the complete Maximum Power Point Tracker
(MPPT) model, using it to tune the fuzzy logic controller rules and
membership functions.
• As demonstrated in our work, the PV module model is reasonably
accurate and able to model any solar panel simply by applying information
from manufacturer data sheets. Our simulation results indicate that the
proposed fuzzy logic algorithm provides an average efficiency of 94.49%
under changeable conditions, including noise and other interferences
Conclusion

38. 38
• . Furthermore, we found that compared to other MPPT, the fuzzy controller
offers improved performance with regard to maximum power point
oscillations, as well as speed and sensitivity to 113 parameter changes
• . This is possible because the rules of the fuzzy logic controller are able to
be separately designated and assigned across different regions of
operations, resulting in highly effective small-signal and large-signal
operation
• Fuzzy controller is faster than the P&O controller in the transitional
statePresents also a much smoother signal with less fluctuations in steady
stateIt can provide an order more effective than the traditional controllers
for the nonlinear systems

39. Future Scope
39
 Include methods for applying a fuzzy logic algorithm in a
dedicated single-chip microcontroller. As well, a Galileo board
could be used rather than two Arduino boards to satisfy
memory space restrictions and boost microcontroller speed
when testing and comparing two types of MPPTs
 This would also shorten the time required for hardware setup.
Moreover, the circuit in general could be changed so that it
can provide power to the control circuit by utilizing
MPPTcharged batteries. Overall, although we conclude that
we satisfactorily developed and implemented a fuzzy logic-
based maximum power point tracker for a photovoltaic power
system, more work still needs to be done to convert lab
prototype to a commercial produc

40. References
40
 [1] TrishanEsram and Patrick L.Chapman, “Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum
Power Point Tracking Techniques,”IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 22, No. 2,
June 2007.
 [2] Hung-I Hsieh, Jen-Hao Hsieh, et al., “A Study of High-FrequencyPhotovoltaic Pulse
Charger for Lead-Acid Battery Guided by PI-INC MPPT”.
 [3] K.H. Hussein, I. Muta, T. Hoshino and M. Osakada, “Maximum photovoltaic power
tracking:an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions,”IEEEploc.-Gener.
Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 142, No. 1, Jan. 1955.
 [4] C.Thulasiyammal and S Sutha, “An Efficient Technique of MPPT TrackingSystem of a
Solar Powered Uninterruptible Power Supply Application,” 1stInternational Conference on
Electrical Energy Systems, 2011.
 [5] NoppadolKhaehintung and PhaophakSirisuk, “Application of Maximum Power Point
Tracker with Self-organizing Fuzzy Logic Controller for Solarpowered Traffic Lights,”
IEEE, 2007.
 [6] C. S. Chin, P. Neelakantan, et al., “Fuzzy Logic Based MPPT for Photovoltaic Modules
Influenced by Solar Irradiation and Cell Temperature,” UKSim 13thInternational Conference
on Modelling and Simulation, 2011.

41. 41
 [[7] PanomPetchjatuporn, PhaophakSirisuk, et al., “A Solar-powered Battery
Charger with Neural Network Maximum Power Point Tracking Implemented on a
Low-Cost PIC-microcontroller”.
 [8] S. Yuvarajan and JulineShoeb, “A Fast and Accurate Maximum Power Point
Tracker for PV Systems,” IEEE, 2008.
 [9] Prof.Dr.IlhamiColak, Dr.ErsanKabalci and Prof.Dr.GungorBal, “Parallel DCAC
Conversion System Based on Separate Solar Farms with MPPT Control,”8th
International Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia, ShillaJeju, Korea, May
30-June 3, 2011.
 [10] S. G. Tesfahunegn, O. Ulleberg, et al., “A simplified battery charge controllerfor
safety and increased utilization in standalone PV applications,” IEEE, 2011.
 [11] Yuncong Jiang, Ahmed Hassan, EmadAbdelkarem and Mohamed Orabi,“Load
Current Based Analog MPPT Controller for PV Solar Systems,” IEEE, 2012.
 [12] ArashShafiei, AhmadrezaMomeni and Sheldon S. Williamson, “A
NovelPhotovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracker for Battery ChargingApplications,”
IEEE, 2012.
 [13] Ali F Murtaza, Hadeed Ahmed Sher, et al., “A Novel Hybrid MPPTTechnique for
Solar PV Applications Using Perturb & Observe and FractionalOpen Circuit Voltage
Techniques”.
 [14] Weidong Xiao, Nathan Ozog and William G. Dunford, “Topology Study of
Photovoltaic Interface for Maximum Power Point Tracking,”IEEE Transactions on

42. Thank You
42