It is the presentation on growth of print industry and it is helpful in learning the new techniques of printing industry.

1. EVOLUTION AND
GROWTH OF PRINT
INDUSTRY

2. INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF PRINTING
Printing is a process for reproducing text and images using a
master form or template.

3. THE INVENTION OF
PRINTING
 Johannes Gutenberg was the first European who invented
the movable type printing, in 1439.

4. 14TH CENTURY INNOVATIONS
 MOVABLE TYPE PRINTING PRESS
 XYLOGRAPHY (1400)
 TYPOGRAPHY (1450)

5. 1. MOVABLE TYPE PRINTING
PRESS
 Movable type is the system of printing and typography that
uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a
document .

6. 2. XYLOGRAPHY (1400)
 Woodcut, occasionally known as xylography, is a relief printing technique
in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of
wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the
surface while removing the non-printing parts.

7. 3. TYPOGRAPHY (1450)
 Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written
language readable, appealing, and legible when displayed. The arrangement
of type involves selecting typefaces, point size, line length, line-spacing
(leading), letter-spacing (tracking), and adjusting the space within letters
pairs.

8. 17TH CENTURY INNOVATIONS:
• THE METAL PRESS (1795)
• LITHOGRAPHY (1796)
• STEREOTYPY AND STEREOGRAPHY (LATE 18TH CENTURY)

9. 1. THE METAL PRESS (1795)
 The metal press was constructed in England in about
1795 . Several years later a metal press was built in
the United States where the action of the screw was
replaced by a series of metal joints. This was the
“Columbian”, which was followed by the
“Washington” of Samuel Rust, the apogee of
the screw press inherited from Gutenberg; its printing
capacity was about 250 copies an hour.

10. 2. LITHOGRAPHY (1796)
 Lithography is a method of printing originally based on
the immiscibility of oil and water. Printing is from a stone
(lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface.

11. 3. STEREOTYPY AND STEREOGRAPHY (LATE 18TH CENTURY)
 Stereotypy, consisted in making an impression on text blocks
of type in clay or soft metal in order to make lead molds of the
whole. The stereotyped plates thus obtained made it
economically possible to print the same text on several presses
at the same time with the added benefit of having the type
pieces immediately available for further use and thus
increasing the rate at which they could be recycled.
 Stereography ,was tried in which sets of copper matrices of
each letter were manufactured in multiples. The matrices were
then assembled as text, so that they covered the whole surface
of the bottom of a mold from which the lead plate was then
cast.

12. 18TH CENTURY INNOVATIONS
 ROTARY PRINTING PRESS
 INTAGLIO
 OFFSET PRESS (1870s)
 GRAVURE(1890s)

13. 1. ROTARY PRINTING PRESS
 A rotary printing press is a printing press in which the impressions
are carved around a cylinder so that the printing can be done on long
continuous rolls of paper, cardboard, plastic, or a large number of
other substrates. Rotary drum printing was invented by Richard
March Hoe in 1843 and patented in 1847, and then significantly
improved by William Bullock in 1863.

14. 2. INTAGLIO
 Intaglio printing is the opposite of relief printing, in that
the printing is done from ink that is below the surface of the
plate. The design is cut, scratched, or etched into
the printing surface or plate, which can be copper, zinc,
aluminum, magnesium, plastics, or even coated paper.

15. 3. OFFSET PRESS (1870s)
 Offset printing is a commonly used technique in which the inked image is
transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface.
When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on
the repulsion of oil and water, the offset technique employs a flat image
carrier on which the image to be printed obtains ink from ink rollers, while
the non-printing area attracts a water-based film , keeping the non-printing
areas ink-free.

16. TYPES OF OFFSET PRINTING:
1. SHEET FED OFFSET PRESS- The substrate is fed to
the press in single sheets and each sheet is printed
individually. The printed substrate is then collected in a
tray and stacked neatly.
2. WEB FED OFFSET PRESS- In a web fed press from
a continuous roll. After printing the roll is either
rewound onto a spool or cut into sheets depending on
the requirements. Its speed is higher than sheet fed
presses.

17. 4. GRAVURE (1890s)
 GRAVURE is a type of intaglio printing process, which
involves engraving the image onto an image carrier. In gravure printing, the
image is engraved onto a cylinder because, like offset
printing and flexography, it uses a rotary printing press. Once a staple of
newspaper photo features, the rotogravure process is still used for
commercial printing of magazines, postcards, and corrugated (cardboard)
and other product packaging.

18. 19TH CENTURY INNOVATIONS
 SCREEN PRINTING (1907)
 PHOTOCOPIER (1960s)
 THERMAL PRINTER
 LASER PRINTER (1969)
 DOT MATRIX PRINTER (1970)
 DIGITAL PRESS (1993)
 3D PRINTING

19. 1. SCREEN PRINTING (1907)
Screen printing is a printing technique whereby a mesh is used to
transfer ink onto a substrate, except in areas made impermeable to the
ink by a blocking stencil. A blade or squeegee is moved across the screen
to fill the open mesh apertures with ink, and a reverse stroke then causes
the screen to touch the substrate momentarily along a line of contact.

20. 2. PHOTOCOPIER (1960s)
Xerographic office photocopying was introduced by Xerox in the
1960s, and over the following 20 years it gradually replaced
copies made by Verifax, Photostat, carbon paper, mimeograph
machines, and other duplicating machines. The prevalence of its
use is one of the factors that prevented the development of
the paperless office heralded early in the digital revolution.

21. 3. THERMAL PRINTER
A thermal printer (or direct thermal printer) produces a printed
image by selectively heating coated thermo chromic paper,
or thermal paper as it is commonly known, when the paper
passes over the thermal print head. The coating turns black in
the areas where it is heated, producing an image.

22. 4. LASER PRINTER (1969)
 Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process. It produces
high-quality text and graphics (and moderate-quality photographs)
by repeatedly passing a laser beam back and forth over a negatively
charged cylindrical drum to define a differentially-charged image.

23. 5. DOT MATRIX PRINTER (1970)
 Dot matrix printing is a type of computer printing which uses
a print head that moves back and forth, or in an up and down
motion, on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-
soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like the print
mechanism on a typewriter.

24. 6. DIGITAL PRESS (1993)
 Digital printing refers to methods of printing from a digital-based
image directly to a variety of media. It usually refers to professional
printing where small-run jobs from desktop publishing and other
digital sources are printed using large-format and/or high-
volume. laser or inkjet printers.

25. 7. 3D PRINTING
 Three-dimensional printing is a method of converting a virtual 3D
model into a physical object. 3D printing is a category of rapid
prototyping technology. 3D printers are generally faster, more
affordable and easier to use than other additive fabrication
technologies.

26. THANK YOU
BY: AISHWARYA JAITLY