1. METHODS OF EDUCATION PSYCHOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO
Dr. ARPITA SINGH
PRESENTED BY
KAUSHAL KUMAR
ROLL NO- 41 (A)
SUBJECT –PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATION
BEd 1st SEMESTER
2.
3. INTROSPECTION METHOD
WHEN A PERSON OR ‘SUBJECT’ HIMSELF OBSERVES HIS
OWN MENTAL STATES AND BEHAVIOUR,IT IS
INTROSPECTION OR SUBJECTIVE OBSERVATION.
IT IS ONE OF THE OLDEST METHOD OF PSYCHOLOGY,
WHICH IS DERIVED FROM TWO WORDS(1) INTRO, AND
(2)SPECTION.
INTRO MEANS ‘WITHIN’ AND SPECTION MEANS ‘LOOKING’
OR’ ‘OBSERVING’.HENCE, INTROSPECTION MEANS LOOKING
OR OBSERVING WITHIN.
WOODWORTH HAS CALLED IT ‘SELF OBSERVATION’
4. LIMITATIONS OF INTROSPECTION METHOD
IT IS MOST SUBJETIVE ,PERSONAL, AND UNSCIENTIFIC METHOD.
THIS METHOD IS NOT OF UNIVERSALAPPLICATION.
ITS RESULT DEPENDS ON SUBJECT OR THE OBSERVER AND NOT
VERIFIABLE BY OTHER SUBJECT OR OBSERVER.
IT IS NOT USEFUL FOR THE STUDY OF CHILD AND ANIMAL
5. OBSERVATION METHOD
IN THE WORDS OF SAMUELSMITH ,
‘OBSERVATION IS A VISUAL METHOD OF
EXAMINING, DESCRIBING, AND INTERPRETING THE
REACTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS IN
LABORATORY, CLASS ROOM, OR OUT OF SCHOOL
SITUATION’. HERE,WE OBSERVETHEMENTAL
PROCESSESAND BEHAVIOUR OF OTHERS.
6. HOW TO OBSERVE?
MAKE A PLAN AND WRITE POINTS OF OBSERVATIONS.
OBSERVE THE BEHAVIOUR WITH A PURPOSE ACCURATELY.
RECORD THE OBSERVATION VERY CAREFULLY IMMEDIATEDLY AFTER THE
OBSERVATION.
AFTER RECORDING, ANALYSE THE OBSERVED FACTS SCIENTIFICALLY.
INTERPRET AND GENERALIZE THE OBSERVATION.
7. ADVANTAGES OF OBSERVATION
IT IS ALWAYS SPECIFIC , SYSTEMATIC, PLANNED AND RELIABLE.
IT IS MORE SUBJECTIVE AND VALID THAN THE INTROSPECTION.
IT IS FLEXIBLE AND ECONOMICAL.
WE CAN STUDY THE CHILDREN AND ANIMALS EASILY
WE CAN SUPERVISE THE TEACHING AND MAY SUGGEST CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS.
8. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD IS HIGHLY DEVELOPED,FORMALIZED AND
ACCURATEOFALLSCIENTIFICMETHODS.THEWORD EXPERIMENT
DERIVE FROM THELATTIN WORD ‘EXPERIMENTUM’.
FIRST EXPERIMENTALLABESTABLISHEDBY WILHULM WUNDT (LIP ZING)
GERMANY.
9. EVERY EXPERIMENT SHOULD HAVE :-
• PSYCHOLOGICAL LABORATORY
• EXPERIMENTER
• SUBJECT
• STIMULUS
• RESPONSE
• VARIABLES
10. TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
CONTROL -
TEST
METHOD
CONTROL
GROUP
METHOD
ROTATIONAL
METHOD
11. CASE STUDY METHOD
THECASESTUDYMETHODISTHATMETHOD OF
BEHAVIOURINVESTIGATIONINWHICHWETRYTOSTUDY
THEBEHAVIOUROFANINDIVIDUALINALLTHEESSENTIAL
ASPECTSBYANALYSINGTHEPASTRECORD,PRESENT
POSITIONANDFUTUREPOSSIBLITIESREGARDINGHISFELT
PROBLEMOROTHERWISEGUIDANCEFUNCTIONS.
12. DIGANOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE BEHAVIOURAL
PROBLEMS
TO PROVIDE BETTER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
TO FIND THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
PURPOSE OF CASE STUDY
