papaya cultivation

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2. CULTIVATION OF
PAPAYA
HOR-411,4(0+4)
RAWE
SESSION- 2016-17
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES,
RGSC, BHU, BARKACHHA,MIRZAPUR
Prepared by :
NISHU KUMARI
R-13028
B.Sc. (Ag.)
4th year, Ist Sem.
Guided by :
Prof. S.P. Singh
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3. Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Varieties
3. Soil & climate
4. Drainage
5. Seed & sowing
6. Pruning and thinning
7. Irrigation
8. Nursery
9. Planting
10. Fertilizer application
11. After cultivation
12. Diseases & control
13. Sign of maturity
14. Harvesting
15. Yield
16. Papain extraction
17. Conclusion
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4. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION:-
BINOMIAL NAME : Carica papaya
Kingdom Plantae
Division Magnoliophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Brassicales
Family Caricaceae
Genus Carica
Species C. papaya
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5. Origin: Mexico and Central America.
Area, Production & Productivity of Papaya:
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1000 ha 1000 tonne Tonne/ha

6. SEEDLING BUD
FEMALE FLOWER MALE FLOWER
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7. LEAF UNRIPE FRUIT
RIPE FRUIT10/25/2016 7

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9. Varieties:
Coorg Honey Dew, Pusa Dwarf, Pusa Giant, Pusa Majesty, Pusa Delicious, Pusa Dwarf,
Solo, Ranchi, Taiwan-785 and Taiwan-786
•CO 1, CO 2, CO 3, CO 4, CO 5, CO 6, CO 7, CO 8, Coorg Honey dew and Surya.
CO 3, CO 7 and Surya are highly suitable for table purpose and CO 2, CO 5 and CO 6 are
dual-purpose varieties for table and papain production.
Co-1 Co-3
Co-8
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10. Soil and climate:
•Well drained soils of uniform texture are highly preferable to avoid the collar rot disease.
•Soil temperatures below 15°C will limit growth.
•It is a tropical fruit and grows well in regions where summer temperature ranges from 35°C
- 38°C.
•Soil pH - 6.0 to 7.0
Sowing:
•500 g of seeds/ ha.
•June-September is the best season for planting.
•Avoid planting in rainy season.
•Sow seeds at 1cm depth.
Invigoration of old seeds:
Stored seeds can be invigorated by soaking them in dilute solution of disodium phosphate
for 4 hours followed by drying back to original moisture content.
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11. Irrigation:
•They will, however, give more and bigger fruit if they are watered every 2 weeks in the dry
season. The flowers will drop if they do not get enough water.
•To avoid waterlogging in clay soil, make a ridge and plant the papayas on the ridge.
•The maximum water requirement is about 160 L/tree/week for under-tree minisprinklers
(also known as microsprinklers) and 50 L/tree/week for drippers or driplines.
•Overhead irrigation is not recommended.
•Papayas can be damaged by salty water.
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12. Nursery:
•Treat the seeds with Captan @ 2 g/kg of seeds.
•Dibble four seeds in polythene bags in depth not exceeding one cm. Keep the polythene
bags in partial shade.
•Watering can be done with the help of rose can. Seedlings will be ready in about 60 days.
Planting:
•Dig a hole about twice the size of the bag in which the young tree is growing.
•Remove the soil from the hole and add some compost and manure. Mix this with some of
the soil that has been dug out.
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13. •Take the plant out of the container. If it is a plastic container you just cut it open at the side.
•Do not disturb the roots.
•Place the tree in the centre of the hole. When you fill up the hole hold the tree so that its
base is level with the surrounding ground.
•Raise the soil around the tree to dam the water (rain or irrigation).
•Do not plant the tree deeper than it was in the container.
•Do not cover the stem with soil because it will rot.
•Plant the seedlings at 1.8 m either ways in pits of 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm size.
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14. Fertigation technique:
•Apply 10 litres of water + 13.5 g urea and 10.5 g murate of potash/ week through drip
irrigation and soil application of super phosphate 300g per plant at bimonthly intervals
starting from 3-4 months after planting immediately after thinning of plants is recommended.
Application of fertilizers:
•Apply FYM 10 Kg/plant as basal and 50 g in each of N, P and K per plant at bi-monthly
intervals from the third month of planting.
•Apply 20 g in each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacterium at planting again six months after
planting.
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15. After cultivation:
•Male trees should be removed after the emergence of inflorescence maintaining one male
tree for every 20 female trees for proper fruit set.
•In each pit only one vigorously growing female/hermaphrodite tree should be retained and
other plants should be removed.
•In gynodioecious type like (Co 3 & Co 7) keep one hermaphrodite type/pit and remove
female trees.
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16. Micronutrients:
•Spray ZnSO4 0.5% + H2BO3 0.1% during 4th and 8th month to increase growth and yield
characters.
Crop duration: 24 – 30 months.
Maturity Signs of Papaya:
1. Fruits require 125 to 140 days from flowering to maturity.
2. Colour of fruit changes from green to pale green or yellowish.
3. Portion of fruit exposed to sunlight becomes dark yellow in colour.
4. The latex of fruits becomes watery.
5. T.S.S at harvest should be minimum 6%.
.
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17. Papaya Diseases & its Control:
1. Powdery Mildew (Odium caricae)
•As soon as the disease symptoms are observed dusting Sulphur
(30 g/10 litres of water) or spraying Calixin 75 EC (5 ml/10 litres
of water) at 15 days interval helps to control the disease.
2. Damping-Off seedling (Rhizoctonia solani)
•Well-drained soil should be used for planting and the crop
should not be excessively irrigated.
•Before sowing the seeds should be treated with fungal culture
of Trichoderma viride (3-4 g/kg of seed) or Captan (3 g/kg of
seed) to protect the newly emerging seedlings.
3. Foot Rot of Papaya (Pythium aphanidermatum)
•The soil should be drenched with 2-3 litres of Copper
Oxychloride (3 g per litre of water).
•Mancozeb (2.5 g/ litre of water), or Bordeaux paste should be
applied.
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18. 4. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)
•Spaying with Copper Oxychloride (3 g/litre of water) or
Carbendazim (1 g/litre of water) or Thiophanate Methyl (1
g/litre of water) at 15 days interval effectively controls the
disease.
5. Leaf Curl of Papaya:
•Checking the population of white flies also can reduce the
infection severity.
•Soilapplication of Carbofuran (1 kg a.i./ha) at the time of
sowing and 4-5 foliar sprays of Dimethoate (0.05%) or
Metasystox (0.02%) at an interval of 10 days effectively
controls the whitefly population.
6. Papaya Ring Spot Virus:
•Aphids can be controlled by application of
Carbofuran (1 kg a.i./ha) in the nursery bed at
the time of sowing seeds followed by 2-3 foliar
sprays of Phosphamidon (0.05%) at an interval
of 10 days starting from 15-20 days after
sowing.
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19. Extraction of papain:
Cutting
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20. Harvesting of Papaya:
•It is harvested by twisting the fruit on dwarf
trees, the operation can be done without
mechanical aids.
•Ladders are often used to harvest tall trees.
•Poles should never be used for harvesting.
Yield:
•CO2: 200-250t/ha
•CO3: 100-120t/ha
•CO5: 200-250t/ha
•CO6: 120-160t/ha
•CO7: 200-225t/ha
•CO8: 220- 230 t/ha
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21. Conclusion:
•Papaya is considered one of the most important fruits because it is a rich source of
antioxidant nutrients (e.g., carotenes, vitamin C, and flavonoids), the B vitamins, minerals
(e.g., potassium and magnesium), and fiber.
•In addition, papaya is a source of the digestive enzyme papain, which is used as an
industrial ingredient in brewing, meat tenderizing, pharmaceuticals, beauty products, and
cosmetics.
•Production in India has increased significantly within the last few years, and is chiefly
responsible for the noticeable growth in global papaya production.
•Factors such as fungal diseases, physiological disorders, mechanical damage, or a
combination of these are the leading causes of post-harvest losses.
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