placental function

1. PLACENTAL FUNCTION
PRESENTED BY
ABHILASHA VERMA
LECTURER

2. BARRIER
PROTECTION
STORAGE
EXCRETION
ENZYMATIC
IMMUNOLOGICAL
NUTRITION
RESPIRATION
ENDOCRINE 2
ABHILASHA VERMA

3. ENDOCRINAL FUNCTION
 Cytotrophoblastic layer of chorionic villi produce hcG hormone.
 It present in large quantity between 7th & 10th week ( Peak
production) and gradully decrease as pregnancy advances.
 Estrogen are produced by placenta in large amount throughout
pregnancy.
 Progesterone, produced in syntiotrophoblast in increasing quantity
until immediately before onset of labor when level falls ( Prepare
maternal tissues and uterus for fetus delivery)
 Human placental lactogen ( HPL), produced that involved in
lactogenic and metabolic processes in pregnancy.
 Production of HPL ↑ as level of hcG falls and continue throughout
pregnancy.
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4. RESPIRATION FUNCTION
 Placenta serves as fetus’s lung and allow transmission
oxygen.
 Fetus obtain oxygen and excrete Co2 through placenta.
 Oxygen from mothers Hb passes into fetal blood by simple
diffusion similarly fetus gives off Co2 into maternal blood.
 Oxygen inhale by mother diffuse into blood, then O2 reach
to circulatory system of fetus through umbilical cord.
 Placenta prevent chances of inhaling amniotic fluid.
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5. NUTRITION FUNCTION
• Main function to supply adequate nutrition like amino
acid, glucose, vitamins, mineral, lipids, water and
electrolyte are transferred across placental membrane.
• Foods from maternal diet broken down into the simpler
forms and reaches to placental site.
• Placenta selects these substance according to
requirement.
• Breaks down complex nutrient into compounds that can
be used by fetus.
Protein- Amino acids
Carbohydrate- Glucose
Fat- Fatty acid.
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6. STORAGE FUNCTION
• Placenta store glucose, iron and vitamins.
• Glucose stored in glycogen form and gets reconverted to
glucose when required.
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7. EXCRETION FUNCTION
• Co2 is major substance excreted from fetus.
• Excretion of bilirubin formed during RBC breakdown.
• Excreation of small amount of urea and uric acid.
• Placenta acts like kidney, it filter blood to eliminates
harmful substances.
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8. PROTECTION FUNCTION
• Placental membrane has limited barrier function.
• Maternal IgG, gets passed to the fetus to provide
immunity for baby for first 3 months after birth.
• Most drugs also crosses the barrier and reaches to
fetus.
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9. ENZYMATIC FUNCTION
• Phospholipase, synthesize arachidonic acid
• Oxytocinase nutralize oxytocin.
• Serve as protective barrier for fetus against noxious
agents circulating in maternal blood.
• Placental hormone have immunosuppressive effects.
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BARRIER FUNCTION
IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTION

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