Module for Grade 9 for Asynchronous/Distance learning
FENUI.pptx
1. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND THE IMPACT OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY ON
SCHOOL PERFOMANCE IN NDOP HEALTH DISTRICT
Presented by
NCHOFONG NORA FENUI
BSc (Applied Zoology)
Matriculation Number: UBa20HP047
SEPTEMBER, 2022
Supervisor
PROF. GERALD NGO TEKE
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3. INTRODUCTION 1/2
Teenage pregnancy is a term used to describe the period in
which a fetus develops inside the womb of a young girl between
the age of 13 to 19 [1].
This may be caused by voluntary sexual relations among
school-children, early marriage, transactional sex with adults and
other forms of sexual abuse.
Babies born to adolescents are more likely to be born preterm,
have low birth weights, die in the neonatal or post neonatal
period.
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4. INTRODUCTION 2/2
The teenage mothers may suffer higher risk of
obstructed labor, anemia, urinary tract infections,
preeclampsia, high rate of cesarean sections, maternal
mortality, premature labor, fistula and STIs.
Children born to teenage mothers have a 63% increased
risk of being born into poverty compared to children
born to older mothers [3].
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5. PROBLEM STATEMENT 1/2
Teenage pregnancy has remained persistent and also is a major cause of early
school drop outs which limit the educational opportunities of teenagers in local
communities.
Factors such as the lack of information about sexual and reproductive health,
lack of education, community, social and family pressure to marry, sexual
violence, early child marriage may lead to teenage pregnancy [10].
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6. PROBLEM STATEMENT 2/2
Teenage mothers are unlikely to complete high school education which could
perpetuate the cycle of impoverishment among them [9].
This study is therefore, concerned with the identification of the causes and effects of
teenage pregnancy on the academic performance of the teenagers at selected health
areas in Ndop health district which is a subdivision in the Northwest region of
Cameroon.
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7. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
What are the factors that contribute to teenage
pregnancy and their prevention?
What is the influence of teenage pregnancy on
the school performance of teenagers in Ndop
health district?
What are some of the social, health,
psychological, educational and economic
issues that pregnant teenagers experience?
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8. 8
Null hypothesis
Teenage pregnancy does not have a significant effect on the
academic performance of teenagers in Ndop health district.
Alternative hypothesis
Teenage pregnancy has a significant on the academic
performance of teenagers in Ndop health district
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
9. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
To determine how teenage
pregnancy affects the
education of teenagers in Ndop
health district.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
To assess the factors that contributes to teenage
pregnancy in Ndop health district.
To evaluate the effect of teenage pregnancy on
the school performance of teenagers in Ndop
health district.
To determine the social, health, psychological,
educational and economic issues that pregnant
teenagers experience.
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10. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study increased the level of knowledge of the researcher, their scope
of reasoning and widen their knowledge on the risk factors of teenage
pregnancy and its influence on academic performance.
It provided and increased teenagers level of knowledge on teenage
pregnancy, the causes, consequences and risk factors associated with
teenage pregnancy and how it can be prevented.
This work which carried out in this area was one of its kind and will assist
the ministry public health with up-to-date information that will help in
control programs against teenage pregnancies in this area.
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11. 11
The study was carried out in Ndop
Sub Division of the North West
Region of Cameroon.
It is made up of a of 41,279
inhabitants.
• STUDY DESIGN
• STUDY AREA
The study was a descriptive cross-
sectional study design in which randomly
selected households were enrolled and
data was collected using a pre-tested
questionnaire.
This study took place in selected quarters
of Bamessing, Bamali, Bamunka and
Bambalang health areas.
SAMPLING TECHNIC
A convenience sampling technique was used
to select the desired sample size for this
survey.
METHODOLOGY 1/4
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• Sample size
The sample size was determined
based on the Cochran`s formula
for sample size calculation giving
a sample size of 382 individuals.
• Study Population
The study was a descriptive cross-
sectional study in Ndop.
The study population consisted of
teenagers and their parents .
METHODOLOGY 2/4
13. METHODOLOGY 3/4
Inclusion criteria
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Exclusion Criteria
Female teenagers within the age range of 10
to 19 years that were pregnant or gave birth,
female teenagers that dropped out from
school.
An individual who took ill or travelled
during the period of the study was excluded.
A teenager who has been away for a long
time and just came into the community
during the period of the study was excluded.
14. METHODOLOGY 4/4
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the
University of Bamenda housed in the FHS before going to the field for
research.
An administrative clearance was also obtained from the Regional
Delegation of Public Health (RDPH).
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15. 15
Variables Attributes
Frequency
(n)
Percentage
(%)
Age
10-14years 9 3.5%
15-19years 245 96.5%
Religion
Christianity 52 20.5%
Islam 63 24.8%
None 139 54.7%
Highest level of education
Primary 94 37.0%
Secondary 160 63.0%
Residential area
Bamessing 26 10.2%
Bamali 43 16.9%
Bamunka 59 23.2%
Bambalang 126 49.6%
Occupation
Farmer 146 57.5%
Tailor 4 1.6%
Business 34 13.4%
Seeking opportunities 35 13.8%
Hair dresser 35 13.8%
Annual household income
Less than 25,000FCFA 169 66.5%
Prefer not to say 85 33.5%
RESULTS 1/7
Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics
16. RESULTS 2/7
Frequency
n
Percentage
%
Age of first sexual intercourse?
9-14 years 124 48.8%
15-19 years 130 51.2%
Age of first pregnancy?
9-14 years 13 5.1%
15-19 years 241 94.9%
Do you hold your parents responsible for you having a pregnancy at this age?
No 215 84.6%
Yes 39 15.4%
Did you indulge in sexual activities out of curiosity?
No 221 87.0%
Yes 33 13.0%
Were you aware of the various family planning methods?
No 193 76.0%
Yes 61 24.0%
What do you think are the possible causes of teenage pregnancy?
Poverty 69 27.2%
Lack of parental
care
77 30.3%
Broken homes 98 38.6%
High rate of
illiteracy
10 3.9%
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Table 2: Factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy
17. Frequency
12.20%
6.70%
6.30%
3.90%
6.30%
19.70%
0.40%
5.50%
39.00%
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00%
Early sexual relations
Influenced by friends
Alcohol and drug abuse
Non use of contraceptives
Broken home
Wanted to relieve stress
Lack of finance
Sexual abuse
Lack of parental care
Pressing
needs that led
to teenage
pregnancy
RESULTS 3/7
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RESULTS 5/7
Questions Attributes Count Column N %
Did teenager become pregnant while attending
school?
Yes 254 100.0%
Did teenager find it difficult to attend school due to
your pregnancy?
No 29 11.4%
Yes 225 88.6%
Did teenager have difficulties in studying due to the
pregnancy?
Yes 254 100.0%
Did teenager class results decrease due to
pregnancy?
Yes 254 100.0%
Did teenager stop schooling because of your
pregnancy?
Yes 254 100.0%
Will you continue with your education after
delivery?
No 194 76.4%
Yes 60 23.6%
What will prevent you from continuing with your
education after your pregnancy?
Your baby 70 27.6%
lack of finance 109 42.9%
no time for school 30 11.8%
lack emotional support 20 7.9%
Feel discouraged 25 9.8%
What plans do you have for yourself concerning
education?
Go back to school and
continue from where I
stopped
53 20.9%
Get into business 120 47.2%
Learn a trade 80 31.5%
How do you think teenage mothers can be best
supported within the educational system?
Financially 138 54.3%
Emotionally 73 28.7%
Morally 43 16.9%
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RESULTS 6/7
Questions Attribute Frequency
(n)
Percentage %
How did you feel when you knew you were pregnant? Disappointed 49 19.3%
Sad 67 26.4%
Depressed 73 28.7%
Suicidal 7 2.8%
Scared 58 22.8%
On a day to day basis, who takes care of the baby? The father of the child 39 15.4%
Your family 96 37.8%
Friends/peers 16 6.3%
Yourself 103 40.6%
What are the main challenges you are facing in bringing up this child? Financial challenges 144 56.7%
Emotional challenges 83 32.7%
Depression 27 10.6%
What are the challenges of being a teenage mother in your community? Financial challenges 110 43.3%
Low self-esteem 76 29.9%
Depression 40 15.7%
School dropout 28 11.0%
Did teenager have any health complications during your pregnancy or child
birth?
No 96 37.8%
Yes 158 62.2%
Did teenager’s baby have any health complications during pregnancy or after
birth?
No 131 51.6%
Yes 123 48.4%
Did teenagers use any of the following contraceptives/family planning? condom 68 26.8%
Withdrawal method 61 24.0%
I did not know any 125 49.2%
How often did you use them? Regularly 113 44.5%
Never 141 55.5%
Did teenagers know how to protect themselves from STI’s/HIV? No 224 88.2%
Yes 30 11.8%
Did teenagers experience low self-esteem due to pregnancy? No 85 33.5%
Yes 169 66.5%
Did teenagers receive health care (anti natal/post natal) when they were
pregnant/in labor?
Yes 254 100.0%
Do teenagers take their child to a health facility for checkup? No 64 25.2%
Yes 190 74.8%
Do teenagers know where to go to obtain family planning or SRH services and
information?
No 134 52.8%
Yes 120 47.2%
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RESULTS
7/7
28.00%
22.80%
36.60%
12.60%
0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00%
Public education on the use of
contraceptives
Intensification of sex education in
schools, hospitals, homes and the community
Encouragement of sexual abstinence
Intensification of girl child education
Measures
put
in
place
to
reduce
teenage
pregnancy
Figure 5: Measures put in place to reduce teenage pregnancy Frequency
22. CONCLUSION
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This study provided insight into the Ndop population’s knowledge on the
factors contributing to teenage pregnancy.
Teenage pregnancy and school attendance do not go well together in that
there is a detrimental effect on their education and their future plans in
school.
With regards to the social, health, psychological and economic crises
that pregnant teenagers faced, there was a significant effect .
23. RECOMMENDATIONS
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Encouragement of sexual abstinence, abstain from early sexual relation,
encouragement on the use of contraceptives.
Proper education and intensification of sex education and topics should
include menstruation, sexual intercourse, pregnancy.
The community should avoid public humiliation of pregnant teenagers and
encourage them, give moral support, emotional support and financial
support.
24. REFERENCES
1) Ganchimeg T, Ota E, Morisaki N, Laopaiboon M, Lumbiganon P, Zhang
J, et al. Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers: a
World Health Organization multicountry study. BJOG. 2014;121(Suppl
1):40–8.
2) Vargas, G., Borus, J. and Charlton, B.M. (2017) Teenage Pregnancy
Prevention: The Role of Young Men. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 29,
393-398.
3) UNICEF. Mädchen in Entwicklungsländern. UNICEF, Austria, 2001.
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