Creativity in design

Creativity and problem solving-vertical and lateral
thinking-invention-psychological view, mental
blocks-Creativity methods-brainstorming,
synectics, force fitting methods, mind map,
concept map-Theory of innovative problem
solving (TRIZ) - conceptual decomposition creating
design concepts.
UNIT
3

The first step in creative problem solving and
productive thinking is to generate ideas with
an open mind.

CREATIVITY
The generation of novel and useful ideas
INNOVATION
Deliberate implementation of ideas
Makes money (or value) out of creativity

Creativity and Innovation
• A company’s success is determined by the
quality of new ideas – competitive edge
comes from creative thinking
• Insufficient time is given to the creative
process – so make time!
• Knowledge grows from exchange with others,
leading to increased creativity i.e. teamwork
helps the process

• The generation of novel and useful
ideas (Amabile et al, 1996)
• The ability to combine ideas in a unique
way or make unusual associations
between ideas (Coulter, 2000)
So, what is
creativity?

Creativity and Innovation
• The essential characteristic is “newness”
• Anyone can be creative, attitudes are critical
• It’s difficult, but it’s possible OR it’s possible
but it’s too difficult
• Release your creativity, take a risk!

Sinclair C5 versus Smart Car
Produced by Hoover
Sold in Comet!

Apple
• Well-designed new products that
create and build new markets from
existing technologies/platform
• Creates demand by understanding
customers' needs and anticipating
new ones
• Effective and timely marketing
• Culture that encourages innovation

Positive steps to enhance creative thinking
• Develop a creative attitude
• Unlock your imagination
• Be persistent
• Develop an open mind
• Suspend your judgment
• Set problem boundaries

Anything new or different in the
world made by people is an
invention!

Inventions are created to help make
life easier and better.

Other inventions are made to
solve problems.

Many inventions keep
people safe.

People who create inventions are
called inventors.
Inventors can live anywhere in the
world and be any age!

Inventors can be anyone that wants
to help the world!
People have been creating inventions
for hundreds of years.

Don’t give up!
• Inventors need to plan for a long
time and have to try many times
before they can get their invention
to work the right way.

No copy cats!
• Once an invention works, inventors will need
to get a patent.
• A patent makes sure that no one can copy
their idea.
• A patent means the inventor can sell their
invention to make money!

Improvements!
• Inventions can be changed to make
them better!
• Changing the design or plan of an
invention can help the people who use
them.

Refrigerator
• The refrigerator was invented to help keep
food from spoiling in the heat.
• Carl von Linde invented the refrigerator in
1876.
• Carl von Linde was from Germany.

Airplane
• Wilbur and Orville Wright spent many years
building balloons and kites before they built the
first airplane.
• Their invention was very special because it was the
first flying machine.
Flying Kite

The Flyer
• The first flight took place on December 17,
1903 and lasted 12 seconds.
• The Wright Brothers’ plane, the Flyer, was an
important invention because it marked the
beginning of human flight.

The First Car
Henry Ford wanted to change transportation
in the world.
He designed the first car and used factories to
build many cars in a short amount of time!
Many people could pay to
own one of his Model T cars!

New Cars
Cars have gotten faster over the years.
They cost more money, but they are safer than
the old Model-T cars.

Braille
• Louis Braille was blinded as a child and he
wanted a way to read.
• He invented a system of raised dots that
could be read using the fingers.
• Today, this method is still used by people
who are blind.

Invention classification
• Simple and multiple combination
• Labor saving concepts
• Direct solution to a problem
• Adaption of an old principle to an old problem
to achieve a new result
• Application of an new principle to an old
problem
• Application of a new principle to a new use

CONSCIOUS MIND
Compares the information and ideas stored in the preconscious
mind with external reality
The long-term memory, lasting anywhere from about an hour to
several years. This is a vast storehouse of information, ideas, and
relationships based on past experience and education
PRECONSCIOUS MIND
SUBCONSCIOUS MIND
The content of this mind level is out of reach of the conscious
mind

four-stage model
• Preparation (stage 1): The elements of the problem
are examined and their interrelations are studied.
• Incubation (stage 2): You “sleep on the problem.”
Sleep disengages your conscious mind, allowing the
unconscious mind to work on a problem freely.
• Inspiration (stage 3): A solution or a path toward the
solution emerges.
• Verification (stage 4): The inspired solution is
checked against the desired result.

Types of Mental Blocks
• Perceptual Blocks
Perceptual blocks have to do with not properly defining the problem and not
recognizing the information needed to solve it
• Emotional Blocks
These are obstacles that are concerned with the psychological safety of the
individual
• Cultural Blocks
Countries even differ in their attitudes toward creative problem solutions
• Intellectual Blocks
Intellectual blocks arise from a poor choice of the problem-solving strategy or
having inadequate background and knowledge
• Environmental Blocks
These are blocks that are imposed by the immediate physical or social
environment

Creativity and problem solving-vertical and lateral
thinking-invention-psychological view, mental
blocks-Creativity methods-brainstorming, synectics,
force fitting methods, mind map, concept map-
Theory of innovative problem solving (TRIZ) -
conceptual decomposition creating design
concepts.
UNIT
3

Creativity methods
• Brainstorming
• Random Input Technique
• Synectics: An Inventive Method Based on
Analogy
• Concept Map/Mind Map

Synectics Definition
• The term Synectics is from the Greek word
synectikos, which means “bringing forth
together,” or “bringing different things into
unified connection.”
• Synectics is about making connections.

Since creativity involves the
changing of things into new
structures, every creative thought
or action draws on synectic
thinking.

It is a way of mentally
taking things apart and
putting them together to
furnish new insight for
all types of problems.

Synectics Definition
• Creative discovery comes from analogical and
metaphorical thinking, the process of linking
unlike subjects.
• You must create VISUAL analogies and
metaphors.

Thinking to Connect
• Analogical thinking is a comparison between
two things that are similar in some respects,
often used to help explain something or make
it easier to understand.
• Metaphorical thinking is when one thing is
used or considered to represent another

Thinking to Connect
Metaphorical thinking is
when one thing is used
or considered to
represent another. = or is like

Synectics recognizes four types of
analogy
• Direct analogy
• Fantasy analogy
• Personal analogy
• Symbolic analogy

Direct analogy
• A direct analogy may take the form of a
similarity in physical behavior, similarity in
geometrical configuration, or in function.

Fantasy analogy
• The designer disregards all problem
limitations and laws of nature, physics, or
reason. Instead, the designer imagines or
wishes for the perfect solution to a problem.
• For example : Discover that you have
forgotten where your car is parked
• Many cars now have a chip in their key ring
that flashes the car lights when activated to
send you a locator signal

Personal analogy
• The designer imagines that he or she is the
device being designed, associating his or her
body with the device or the process under
consideration.

Symbolic analogy
• Using symbolic analogy the designer replaces
the specifics of the problem with symbols and
then uses manipulation of the symbols to
discover solutions to the original problem.

• Encourage new idea by forcing the mind to
make creative increase
• Once free from constraints, novel ideas often
flow.

Creativity in design

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