2. TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED ARE
• MEANING OF TRADE UNION
• NEED FOR TRADE UNION
• PROBLEMS OF TRADE UNION
• INTRODUCTION TO ILO
• OBJECTIVES OF ILO
• PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF ILO
3. MEANING OF TRADE UNION
It is “a continuous association of wage-earners or salaried
employees for maintaining the conditions of their working
lives and ensuring them a better and healthier status in
industry as well as in the society”.
A trade union means, “any combination, whether temporary
or permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of
regulating the relations
1)Between workman & employers
2)Between workmen & workmen
3)Between employers & employers
4. NEED FOR TRADE UNION
• One of the main reasons of workers joining a trade union been their
belief to get wages increased and maintained at a reasonable
standard through collective action and their realization that
individual bargaining was utterly useless for this purpose.
• Since the employee, as an individual, feels specially weak, he
prefers to join an organization that may afford him an opportunity to
join others for the achievement of those objectives that he considers
as socially desirable.
• The employees may join the unions to ensure a just and fair dealing
by management.
• Through collective strength, they restrain the management from
taking any such action which may be
irrational, illogical, discriminatory or contrary to their general
interests.
5. • Another reason of employees joining some union may be the
broader realization on their part that unions fulfill the important
need for adequate machinery for proper maintenance of labour-
management relations.
• Employees may join the unions because of their belief that it is
an effective way to secure adequate protection form various types
of hazards and income insecurity such as accident
injury, illness, unemployment etc.
• The employees may join the unions because of their feeling that
this would enable them to communicate their
views, ideas, feelings and frustrations to the management
effectively.
• Individuals may join the unions in the hope of finding a job
through their influence in the company management.
6. Problems of Trade Union
• The following are some of the most important
problems of the trade unions in India:
• Multiplicity of Trade Unions and Inter-union Rivalry
• Small Size of Unions
• Financial Weakness
• Leadership Issues
• Politicalisation of the Unions
• Problems of Recognition of Trade Unions
7. International Labour Organization (ILO)
• The International Labor Organization (ILO) was set up in
1919 by the Versailles Peace Conference as an
autonomous body associated with the League of Nations.
• The ILO was the only international organization that
survived the Second World War even after the dissolution
of its parent body.
• It became the first specialized agency of the United
Nations in 1946 in accordance with an agreement entered
into between the two organizations.
• India has been a member of the ILO since its inception.
8. • The aims and objectives of ILO are set out in the preamble
to its Constitution and in the Declaration of Philadelphia
(1944) which was formally annexed to the Constitution in
1946.
• The preamble affirms that universal and lasting peace can
be established only if its is based upon social justice, draws
attention to the existence of conditions of labour involving
injustice, hardship and privation of a large number of
people, and declares that improvement of these conditions
is urgently required through such means as the regulation
of hours of work, prevention of unemployment, provision
of an adequate living wage, protection of workers against
sickness, disease, and injury arising out of employment,
protection of children, young persons and women,
protection of the interests of migrant workers, recognition
of the principle of freedom of association, and organization
of vocational and technical education
9. The main objectives of ILO
contained in the preamble
• Provide social justice to workers.
• Avoid injustice, deprevation and exploitation of
labour
• Build up human working conditions to the labour.
10. The objectives of ILO were redefined at
Philadelphia conference in 1944.
• Full employment and the raising of standards of living.
• Employ workers on jobs for which they have adequate
skill and satisfaction to work.
• Provide training and development facilities to achieve the
above objectives.
• Provide due share of profits as compensation to ensure a
minimum level of living standard to all employed and
protection as and when needed.
11. • Accept collective bargaining as a right of workers and a
means of improving productivity between employees and
management.
• Extend social security measures to provide a basic income
to all in need and also medical cover.
• Protect the life and health of workers in all occupations.
• Provision for child welfare and maternity protection.
• Provide adequate nutrition , housing and facilities for
recreation and culture.
• Provision for quality education and vocational opportunity.
12. The three main functions of the ILO are;
To establish international labour standards;
To collect and disseminate information on labour and
industrial conditions; and
To provide technical assistance for carrying ort
programmes of social and economic development.
13. The ILO consists of three principal organs
• International Labour Conference,
• The Governing Body and
• The International Labour Office
14. International Labour Conference (ILC)
It is an Apex body of ILO which makes labour policies for
international labour.
The ILC holds its sessions at a frequency not less than once in
a year.
The conference is empowered to appoint committees to deal
with different matters relating to labour during each session.
The International Labour Conference is the supreme organ
of the ILO and acts as the legislative wing of the
Organization.
15. The functions performed by the ILC
Formulate international labor standards.
Fix the amount of contribution to be paid by the member
states.
Decide budget and submit the same to the Governing Body.
Study the labour problems submitted by the director General
and assist in their solutions.
Appoint committees to deal with different problems during its
sessions.
Elect the president.
16. Select members of the Governing Body.
Develop policies and procedures.
Seek advisory opinion from International Committee
of Justice.
Confirm the powers, functions and procedure of
Regional Conference.
17. Governing Body
It is also a tripartite body.
It implements decision of the ILC with the help of the
International Labour Organization.
It consist of 56 members in the same ratio of 2:1:1, i.e.
28 representative of the government, 14 employers and 14
of the workers. Of the 28 representative of the
Government, 10 are appointed by the members of the
states of chief industrial importance and remaining 18 are
delegates of the other Governments.
India is one of the ten states of chief Industrial
Importance.
18. The functions of the Governing Body
Co-ordinate work between the ILC and ILO.
Prepare agenda for each session of the ILC.
Appoint the Director General of the office.
Scrutinize the budget.
Follow up with member states in regard to implementation of
the conventions and recommendations adopted by the ILC.
Fix the date, duration, schedule and agenda for the Regional
Conferences.
Seek, as and when required, advisory opinion from the
International Court of Justice with the consent of the ILC.
19. International Labour Office
It is the secretariat of the ILO in Geneva and
is the third major organ of the ILO.
The Director General(DG) of the Chief
Executive Officer of the Secretariat appointed
by the Governing Body.
He also serves as the Secretary General of the
ILC. His tenure is for 10yrs. & extendable by
the governing body.g
