1. Presented To:
Sir Muhammad Tariq Najmi
Presented By:
Rashid Siddique
Roll No. LISF1522
Superior Group of College,
Lahore
2. What is Data?
Information in raw or unorganized form(such as alphabets, numbers, or
symbols) that refer to, or represent, conditions , ideas, or objects.
What is Information?
Organized form of data is known as Information.
data that have been processed so that they are meaningful;
What is Knowledge ?
Understanding of or information about a subject that you get by experience
or study, either known by one person or by people generally:
What is Management ?
Management in businesses and organizations is the function that
coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives by
using available resources efficiently and effectively
3.
4. Information management is the management of organizational processes
and systems that acquire, create, organize, distribute, and use information.
Information management (IM) concerns a cycle of organizational
activity: the acquisition of information from one or more sources, the
custodianship and the distribution of that information to those who need it,
and its ultimate disposition through archiving or deletion.
5. Throughout the 1970s this was largely limited to files, file maintenance, and
the Life cycle management of paper-based files, other media and records.
With the proliferation of information technology starting in the 1970s, the job
of information management took on a new light, and also began to include the
field of data maintenance. No longer was information management a simple
job that could be performed by almost anyone. An understanding of the
technology involved, and the theory behind it became necessary.
As information storage shifted to electronic means, this became more and
more difficult. By the late 1990s when information was regularly disseminated
across computer networks and by other electronic means, network managers,
in a sense, became information managers. Those individuals found themselves
tasked with increasingly complex tasks, hardware and software. With the latest
tools available, information management has become a powerful resource and
a large expense for many organizations.
6. Digital universe – The Information Explosion”
We live in an on-command, on-demand world
Information management is a big challenge
Organization seek to Store Protect Optimize
Managing information is important to an organization because it allows for
increased knowledge, decreased inefficiency, and better creation and
implementation of action plans to address areas of opportunity. Without
successful management of information, it is almost guaranteed that an
organization will fail. Reasons of managing your information are describe
in three categories;
1. Make Money
2. Save the money
3. Keep out of trouble
7. 1) Supply work, business and consumption processes with information — This is the basic goal: work cannot
be done without required information.
2) Improve and speed up business, work and consumption processes through information use and efficient
information processing — Information is not only one of the inputs to the work process. By improving
information supply and its processing, the whole process usually can be made more efficient.
3) Create and maintain competitive advantage through new, IT-based work and business processes — Often,
information technologies allow reorganization of work in completely new ways, and creation of totally
new businesses.
4) Efficient use of organization’s information assets — While previous goals come from activity (process),
this goal statement invites to think about organization’s information not as some side-product of activity,
but as the central resource. Information, not activity may be the „real thing”.
5) Reduce unnecessary complexity of information processing systems; protect against information overload.
8. Files
Most sizeable companies have huge stores of electronic files scattered throughout the
enterprise (a legacy of desktop networking). Letters, memos, reports, spreadsheets,
database files, presentations, documents, excel files etc.
Databases
Companies usually maintain a number of databases on several different hardware and
software platforms.
Email
Most employees communicate with email and much of an enterprise’s internal
and external business communication is done via email (and attachments).
Instant Messaging (IM)
This is becoming the way employees talk to one another in real-time.
Electronic Publishing
Most companies produce printed material such as catalogs, brochures, flyers, contact
sheets, product specification sheets, newsletters, business reports, etc. Also, an
increasing amount of information exists only in electronic format (e.g. Web pages,
PDF documents, Intranets).
9. Some of the tools of information management are those derived from the
fields that have contributed to its development; for example, classification
and information retrieval from librarianship and information science;
database design and development from computer science; the document
life cycle from records management; communication audits from
organizational psychology; and cost-benefit analysis and value assessment
from business management.
Information Audit
Information Mapping
Communication Audit
10. Improved utilization
Simplified management
Simplified backup and recovery
Maintaining compliance
Lower Total Cost of Ownership
In order to frame an effective information management policy, businesses
need to consider the following key challenges:
Exploding digital universe
Increasing dependency on information
Changing value of information
11. “Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing, developing,
sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge. It refers to a
multi-disciplinary approach to achieving organizational objectives by
making the best use of knowledge” (Wikipedia)
Knowledge Management is the broad process of locating, organizing,
transferring, and using the information and expertise within an
organization.
12. 1970s A number of management theorists have contributed to the evaluation of KM.
Peter Drucker: Information and knowledge as organizational resources
Peter Senge: "learning organization"
Chaparral Steel: A company having knowledge management strategy
1980 Knowledge as a competitive asset was apparent.
Knowledge management-related articles began appearing in journals and books .
Subject Offer in different universities.
1990 KM as ICT, Specialization in KM
2000 KM as Human Resource Development, Knowledge in people ,
Knowledge management efforts have a long history, to include on-the-job
discussions, formal apprenticeship, discussion forums, corporate libraries,
professional training and mentoring programs.
13. There are two types of knowledge assets
Tacit knowledge: That type of knowledge which people carry in their
mind, and is, therefore, difficult to access.
Explicit knowledge: That type of knowledge which has been or can be
articulated, codified, and stored in certain media.
14. Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge
Tangible Intangible
Physical objects, e.g. in documents or
databases
Mental objects, i.e. it's in people's
head's
Context independent Context affects meaning
Easily shared Sharing involves learning
15. Knowledge — the great enabler
for decisions we make
for actions we take
Need to recognize and understand knowledge processes to
improve the quality of our decisions and actions
Need to deal with issues of organizaitonal adaptation,
survival,
and competence
in the face of fast-paced change
16. To Capture Knowledge
To Improve Knowledge Access
To Enhance the Knowledge Environment
To Manage Knowledge as an Asset
17. ◦ finding, mapping, gathering, and filtering information;
◦ developing new knowledge (identifying relations among items
and sharing information);
◦ converting personal knowledge into shared knowledge
resources;
◦ understanding and learning;
◦ adding value to information to create knowledge;
◦ enabling action through knowledge (performance and
management);
◦ processing shared knowledge resources; delivering
(transferring) explicit knowledge;
◦ building adequate technical infrastructures.
22. Reduces time-to-market
New products are designed and commercialized more quickly and
successfully
Resulting In
• Increased Revenue
• Retained Market Share
• Expanding Profit Margins
23. Librarians have been managing knowledge
for about 2,500 years
Library at Alexandria established in 283 BC
Capture and store the worlds knowledge
27. Information technology infrastructure
Systems for archiving and managing knowledge
Data warehouse, distributed databases
Knowledge repository, knowledge map
Digital libraries, traditional libraries
Access to knowledge
Browser interface
Search engine
Retrieval system
28. Creating an organizational culture of sharing knowledge
Creating an organizational culture of sharing expertise
Change their values
Focus on creating and using intellectual assets (tacit, explicit and potential
knowledge)
Restructure their functions
Expand their roles and responsibilities
Changing Environment
Multiple Formats of Information
Changing user needs (e.g. aimed at improving learning outcomes)
Changing roles of librarians due to changes in information formats,
delivery models and technologies.
29. o Indexing
o Abstracting
o Controlled vocabulary development
o Quality filtering of information
o Grant planning writing
o Networking and community outreach
o Needs assessment
o Project management
o Usability testing and evaluation
o Curriculum development
o Teaching and training
o Statistical analysis
o Project and program evaluation
o Compiling literature
o Writing for publication
30. IT literacy
A sharp and analytical mind
Innovation and enquiring
Enables knowledge creation, flow and communication within the
organization.
31.
32. Information management deals with organizing
information such in databases forms the main objective
is to provide the right information to the right person at
right time;
While KM deals with exploiting explicit and implicit
knowledge of others as their experiences in which such
shortcuts could enhance and transform a whole
business. Thus, KM is so crucial and beneficial if
management play it right.
Digital universe – The Information Explosion”
21st Century is information era
Information is being created at ever increasing rate
Information has become critical for success
We live in an on-command, on-demand world
Example: Social networking sites, e-mails, video and photo sharing website, online shopping, search engines etc
Information management is a big challenge
Knowledge can be captured from individuals or groups.
Some ways to capture tacit knowledge are by:
Interviewing experts
Learning by being told
Learning by observation
Learning from others
Ad hoc sessions
Road Maps
Learning histories
Action learning
E-Learning
(Dalkir, 2005).
“Other people are the preferred source of information…” because it is often faster to find information when you ask someone. Also, when we interact with other people, we obtain the information that we needed, but we also obtain the knowledge of where it is stored, “…how to reformulate our question or query, whether we were on the right track, and where we strayed.”
Technology is another way people find information. Some technology sources are:
Other people
E-mail groups
Discussion groups
(Dalkir, 2005)
Some tools that help capture knowledge are:
Data Mining :Generally, data mining (sometimes called data or knowledge discovery) is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information - information that can be used to increase revenue, cuts costs, or both. Data mining software is one of a number of analytical tools for analyzing data. It allows users to analyze data from many different dimensions or angles, categorize it, and summarize the relationships identified. Technically, data mining is the process of finding correlations or patterns among dozens of fields in large relational databases.
Content Management Tools : A content management system (CMS) is a computer application that allows publishing, editing and modifying content, organizing, deleting as well as maintenance from a central interface.
GroupWare: e.g. Lotus Notes and Microsoft Exchange etc
Blogs: a regularly updated website or web page, typically one run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style, and
Wikis :a website or database developed collaboratively by a community of users, allowing any user to add and edit content.
(Dalkir, 2005)
There are many benefits of implementing a knowledge management system.
A knowledge management system will reduce “…the time-to-market” for a product or service.
Also, knowledge management will help in designing and commercializing new products more quickly and successfully.
Knowledge management will result in increased revenue, retained market share and expanding profit margins for an organization.
(O’Dell, 1999)