it describes the projections,angles of projections,principle views,dimensioning & its rules.

1. Engineering Drawing
Adnan Aslam B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering HITEC University Taxila, Pakistan
Dimensioning:
The purpose of dimensioning is to provide clear and complete description of an object.
A complete set of dimensions will permit only one interpretation needed to construct the
part.
Dimensioning should follow these guidelines.
 Accuracy: correct values must be given
 Clearness: dimensions must be placed in appropriate positions
 Completeness: nothing must be left out, and nothing duplicated
 Readability: the appropriate line quality must be used for legibility
 The dimension line is a thin line, broken in the middle to allow the placement of
the dimension value, with arrowheads at each end. For an arrowhead, the length is
roughly three times the width.

2. Engineering Drawing
Adnan Aslam B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering HITEC University Taxila, Pakistan
 A leader is a thin line used to connect a dimension with a particular area. When
there is limited space, a heavy black dot may be substituted for the arrows.
Dimensioning System
Aligned System Unidirectional System
 Dimensions are placed perpendicular
to dimension lines.
 Horizontal and inclined dimensions
can be read from the bottom of the
drawing.
 Vertical lines can be read from the
right hand side of the drawing.
 Dimensions are always placed
vertically.
 All dimensions can be read from the
bottom of the drawing.
 Vertical and inclined dimensions are
placed at the middle of dimension
lines by breaking them.

3. Engineering Drawing
Adnan Aslam B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering HITEC University Taxila, Pakistan
Rules for dimensioning:
 Between any two extension lines there must be only one dimension.
 All the dimensions should be placed outside the views whenever possible
 All the dimensions must be using a single dimensioning system
 Same units must be used for all dimensions
 Give every dimension and avoid duplication
 Avoid using outlines and center lines for Dimensions

4. Engineering Drawing
Adnan Aslam B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering HITEC University Taxila, Pakistan
 When dimensions are to be placed inside a sectioned area, leave a blank space for the
dimensions
 Avoid dimensioning hidden lines
 If space between two lines is too narrow to mark then use
– Centre dimensioning
– Side dimensioning
– Leader dimensioning
 For dimensioning in series, adopt one of the following
 Chain dimensioning
 Parallel dimensioning
 Combined dimensioning
 Smaller dimensions should always be placed nearer the view.
 Dimension lines should not cross each other.
 The dimensions should be placed on the face that describes the feature most clearly.

5. Engineering Drawing
Adnan Aslam B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering HITEC University Taxila, Pakistan
Dimensioning of Circular Features:
 Dimension circles by giving diameters
 Dimension holes in views in which they appear as circles
 Dimension one hole if there are multiple holes of same diameter
 Arc should be dimensioned by giving its radius
 Cylindrical features should be dimensioned by giving their diameters.
 Spherical features may be dimensioned by giving either the radius or diameter of a
sphere

6. Engineering Drawing
Adnan Aslam B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering HITEC University Taxila, Pakistan
Lettering:
The word letter is used for alphabet, numeral, symbol, punctuation marks etc.
 The text on drawings must be neat and easy to read.
 The height of all the letters in one line should be the same.
 Draw letters as simple as possible
 Draw letters symmetrical about the vertical or horizontal axis whenever possible.
 Asymmetric letters like F,R,Z etc. may be drawn as they are
 Round off sharp corners wherever necessary.e.g. D, P, S etc.
 Use 10mm for Titles
 Use 7mm for subtitles
 Use 5mm for notes/dimensions
Setting a Drawing Sheet:
 Ensure instruments and hand are clean
 Adjust your drawing table
 Place the drawing sheet on the table
 Keep sheet close to the top left corner of the board
 Use your T-square to properly align the sheet
 Use Adhesive tape to fasten the sheet to the Board.
 Drawing Margins and Title Block
 Draw a rectangular frame
 Space of 10mm(0.5 in.) for each side
 Use the left and bottom lines as reference lines
 Title block located at the bottom right corner of the sheet.
Dimensions of Title Block:
 Total Length 160mm
 Total Height 70mm
 Half-cell length: 80mm
 Quarter cell length: 40mm
 Change dimensions to equivalent inch system.

7. Engineering Drawing
Adnan Aslam B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering HITEC University Taxila, Pakistan
Projection:
An image or the act of obtaining an image is called projection.
Principle Planes:
 Horizontal Plane
 Vertical Plane
 Profile Plane (Side Plane)
 Auxiliary Plane.
Multi-View Orthographic Projection:
 Method Used for drawing two or more views of an object on the Principle planes
 Projectors are perpendicular to the plane of projection and parallel to each other
 Any one view gives only two dimensions
 Min two views required to get three dimensions.
 Commonly referred to as orthographic Projection.
Orthographic Views:
1) Front View 2) Top View 2) Side View 3) Rear View 4) Bottom View
5) Usually the front, top and one of the side views are drawn in orthographic
projections.

8. Engineering Drawing
Adnan Aslam B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering HITEC University Taxila, Pakistan
Angle of Projection:
• 1stAngle of Projection • 3rdAngle of Projection.
Projecting the Side View:
Following Techniques can be used to obtain side views from the front and top view
– Projection across Meter Line
– Projection through 450 Triangle