The Internet of Things (IoT) may be at the core of the next Industrial Revolution! The socioeconomic implications of IoT, in general, are astounding. As with all disruptive technology, there are threats and opportunities that must be understood by business leaders. How do these implications relate to the needs of manufacturing businesses and the human resources that are intertwined with them? How can Product Design address those needs? This closing session will explore these questions and offer solutions.

1. Internet of Things &
Product Design
George Konstantakis
Brooks Stevens Inc
www.360mn.org

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4. -Brooks Stevens started firm in 1934. He personified Innovation… in his
words “I am a business man, engineer and designer… in that order”
Benefits:
-80 YEARS OF IMMERSION in our clients’ businesses
-Many universally recognizable 1st … First SUV, MILLER HIGH LIFE,
AERODYNAMIC WEINER
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5. Streamlined innovation process means DIRECT CONTROL
• Quicker time to market
• Less development cost
• Higher profitability
• Sustainable growth
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6. Benefits of diverse experience:
-PRODUCT-CENTRIC DIVERSE THINKING… grounded in the “MAKER’S
CULTURE” of the Midwest, while applying design thinking gleaned from
“POPULAR CULTURE” in other industries.
-Make CONNECTIONS that are not obvious
-NO BOUNDARIES
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8. From our experience… different people within different organizations define
Innovation differently…
Fundamentals that we need to start…
• Common definition of Innovation
• Process that delivers on that definition
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9. • THERE ARE THREE FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS that contribute to
innovative products and flawless execution every time…
• Desirability, Viability, Feasibility
• Click
• Emotional Innovation may impact…
• Brand Identity – connection to design language through visually
differentiating queues
• Defined by the union of a company’s business requirements for
viability (selling price, margin, # warranty hits, market segment, new
application) and the requirements of the people who will interact with
the output of that business (ease of use, feels good, looks good,
makes me happy)
• Functional Innovation may impact
• Ergonomics – a hand control that fits 15th – 95th percentile operators in
multiple end-product uses. 20% decrease in fatigue.
• User Interface – don’t need to read instructions any more… Touch
screen interface is intuitive, deep and fast.
• Defined by union of advancement in technology to make applications
feasible (OLED, gorilla glass, nanotech) and people requirements
• Process Innovation may impact
• Quality – going from metal to plastic decreased warranty hits.
• Productivity – robotic automation of low-skill tasks.
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10. • Click
• DESIGN INNOVATION
• Balancing the latent desires of the end users, Business goals, and
available technology to advance your Strategic OBJECTIVES
• May mean re-focusing on other market segments, breaking away from
your own existing core technology competency, finding other users.
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11. • DESIGN IS ABOUT PEOPLE
• People represented here are ADVOCATES and STAKEHOLDERS
• Click
• In the end, Design Thinking is all about satisfying unmet, unspoken,
unarticulated… end user needs.
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12. • Ask audience… What does innovation mean to you?
• Click
• Our definition of Innovation is….
• Every word in this definition is necessary in order for the definition to
“work”. Take any one of them away, and you don’t have innovation
according to my definition.
• Economic can mean cash, equity, infrastructure, jobs
• Customer is a stakeholder… an end user, service technician, machine
operator.
• Taken to market… must be commercialized. Ideas in and of
themselves are important in education and intelectual development,
but they don’t define innovation.
• Click
• “New” can be features in an existing product… or can be a totally new
market-creating breakthrough. Incremental vs. Transformational
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14. Generally accepted that “Internet of Things” was coined by Kevin Ashton while
an employee of Proctor and Gamble in 1999. From his website:
“The fact that I was probably the first person to say “Internet of Things” doesn’t
give me any right to control how others use the phrase. But what I meant, and
still mean, is this: Today computers—and, therefore, the Internet—are almost
wholly dependent on human beings for information. Nearly all of the roughly 50
petabytes (a petabyte is 1,024 terabytes) of data available on the Internet were
first captured and created by human beings—by typing, pressing a record
button, taking a digital picture or scanning a bar code. Conventional diagrams of
the Internet include servers and routers and so on, but they leave out the most
numerous and important routers of all: people. The problem is, people have
limited time, attention and accuracy—all of which means they are not very good
at capturing data about things in the real world.”
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15. What’s the Internet of Things?
• Sensors and Meters
• An ever-growing network of physical objects that feature an IP address for
internet connectivity
• Communication between objects and other Internet-enabled systems
• An extension of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) technologies
• What IoT will mean is that every day objects, ones that we interact with
regularly, will be capable of ‘talking’ to each other. Humans will fall more and
more out of the loop. Machines will be talking to machines, objects talking to
objects. (Skynet anyone?)
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16. Infrastructural
• Debate on whether point-to-point fiber, celllular and wireless current and
planned infrastructure will support the 30+ billion IP addresses projected for
2020.
• IPV6 has expanded the number of IP addresses to 3.4×10^38 essentially
allowing anything that we can conceive of on the planet (and beyond) to be
controlled.
Socio-Political
• Governments worldwide are backing the development of IoT initiatives.
Establishing regulations, and smart systems (traffic, tollways, cameras
everywhere)
• New business opportunities of products and services along side elimination of
existing business models.
• Globally, the Millennial Generation age range in 2014 is from 10 to 37 years
old. Some of the World leaders who will emerge in the next 5 years are all
about transparency, authenticity and human experience. Engaging this
demographic in the business of IoT is essential.
• Millennials in the U.S. represent $200B in annual buying power… Largest
ever!. They don’t value the “things” that prior generations did (cars, home
ownership). They value their smart phones, social media, and personal
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17. experiences.
Human:
• Privacy doesn’t seem to be as valuable to us when it comes to sharing on
social media sites. But are we willing to risk all of our personal information,
safety and security?
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18. Economic theorist and author Jeremy Rifkin explains his concept of The
Internet of Things. Rifkin's latest book is The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The
Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism
(http://goo.gl/4estV2).
• Marginal Cost = incremental cost of an additional good or service after fixed
costs (overhead) are covered.
Societal Economic platforms contain 3 elements: Communication, Energy,
Mobility
• 1800’s and early industrial revolution: steam power, printing presses,
locomotive network
• Many people were at work producing the presses, steam generators
and engines for locomotives, and of course the rail network. Every
news paper that is printed cost an incremental amount to produce.
Likewise, people paid for every newspaper that is purchased.
• 1900’s: oil + internal combustion engine, telephone, centralized electricity
• Likewise… development costs for creating infrastructure, telephone
and electric grids. Incremental cost for every phone line and handset.
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19. Every call costs the producers incrementally, and those costs are
passed through + profit to consumers.
• 2000’s: renewable energy, communications internet, driverless automated
drones = IoT
• Low skill jobs are increasingly being replaced by automation. If it can
be programmed, it can be automated.
• Communication Internet is converging with the Energy Internet and
Logistics and Transport Internet through use of sensors. 13 billion
sensors now… 30 billion by 2020. Internet has passed into physical
world… IoT.
• 3D Printing is a subset of the Logistics and Transport Internet.
• Millions of consumers become pro-sumers (production consumers) for
[almost] free. News, digital media (music, applications, etc.), etc. We
all have equal access and can become pro-sumers of IoT. Won’t be
rocket science. Apps will be preprogrammed. The organizations that
produce the apps get the big data.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xOK2aJ-0Js
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20. Threats:
Security Protocol
• Examples of successful attacks on drones are already on record. In 2009,
insurgents in the Middle East intercepted Predator drone signals due to a
failure to use secure protocols, according to Cabetas. This enabled the
insurgents to spy on what the Predators were spying on (via airborne video).
Without secure protocols, similar attacks are possible with domestic UAVs.
• Texas A&M college students, by invitation of Homeland Security spoofed the
University drone's GPS signals, insinuating the errant location data into
navigation computers, resulting in the drone's untimely collision.
• In a study spanning two years, [a security analysis company was asked to
test a hospitals security system]
• found drug infusion pumps–for delivering morphine drips,
chemotherapy and antibiotics–that can be remotely manipulated to
change the dosage doled out to patients;
• Bluetooth-enabled defibrillators that can be manipulated to deliver
random shocks to a patient’s heart or prevent a medically needed
shock from occurring;
• X-rays that can be accessed by outsiders lurking on a hospital’s
network;
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21. • temperature settings on refrigerators storing blood and drugs that can
be reset, causing spoilage;
• digital medical records that can be altered to cause physicians to
misdiagnose, prescribe the wrong drugs or administer unwarranted
care.
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22. Jimmy Fallon w/ Robot
• 70 percent of today’s occupations will likewise be replaced by automation by
the end of this century.
• Look at transformation between farming economy and today… People evolve
into jobs that require creativity and unique solutions… But eventually those
too may be replaced by automation.
• In a very real way our inventions assign us our jobs. Each successful bit of
automation generates new occupations—occupations we would not have
fantasized about without the prompting of the automation.
Threats:
Jobs [Mfg specific examples]
• Already… welding, sanding, grinding, hole punching, assembly… all replaced
by robots
• On the way to disappearing… tool path creation [programming]. From 3D
CAD directly to 3D printed part or 3D tooling for mass production.
• Automated bots are writing blogs by using stats, names and key facts and
wordsmithing content!
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23. Opportunities:
Security Protocol
• DNA-based cryptography - being used because of its vast parallelism, energy
efficiency and the amount of information that the DNA can store.
• encryption, authentication, signature, and various other applications in
cryptography.
• In one of the approaches DNA based cryptography itself is used to
encrypt and decrypt the message.
• And in another approach DNA strands are used to generate key for
encryption and decryption.
• Biological issues and cryptography computing difficulties provide a
double security safeguards for the two schemes and makes it difficult
for intrusion.
• Can people be put in the middle (ie used as routers) using unique
biometrics to prevent hacking into networks?
• Performance / Condition Monitoring – detect imminent failure of a gear drive
by using accelerometers or torque sensors to detect anomalies and replace
ready-to-fail systems before catastrophic failure.
Jobs
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24. • Creative design and User Experience opportunities for Millennials.
• Don’t underestimate the work required, or the new skill sets needed, to
effectively gather, analyze, and make maximum use of the flood of IoT data
that will be generated by a multitude of intelligent devices. The ability to
isolate, analyze, and interpret this key data will be at the core of
manufacturing competitiveness in an IoT world. It can often be more
productive for companies to focus on carefully selected key elements and then
dive deeply, rather than try to analyze everything at once.
• Mobile applications development
• Wearable / Implantable gadgets
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25. Human Connections:
• People will need other means of detecting “alerts” or data “messages” other
than a buzz or beep on the iPhone. Wearable devices.
• People will be able to control their own robots anywhere (space, sea, home…
avatars). Imagine being able to control your camera on Philae!
• Open source analytics and control algorithms… Programmers will be able to
login to machines, analyze data, and present options for refining control
based on that data… enabling AI. A steward (probably machine) will monitor
those changes and allow (or disallow) them.
Images:
• Google Glass
• Wearable Drone w/ camera
• Base layers with sensors
• Motion Capture
• Ring that uses thermal energy to generate electricity
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26. Telepresence refers to a set of technologies which allow a person to feel as if
they were present, to give the appearance of being present, or to have an effect,
via telerobotics, at a place other than their true location.
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27. 1. You just walked out the door without your keys in your pocket. *Beep Beep*.
Your smart-door delays locking the door for 30 seconds because you just left
without your keys, giving you the chance to duck back inside if need be.
2. You’ve got a family history of heart disease. So much so that your GP
recommends that you get an unobtrusive, internal heart monitor implanted into
your arm. It’s inserted with a larger-than-you’d-like needle, and is powered by
your body’s own thermal energy. It constantly monitors your heart rhythm and
detects even the smallest arrhythmias. Any alarming changes and it sends a text
message to your phone: “This is your heart. Please proceed to a hospital
immediately.”
3. You’ve had your friends over for a dinner party, and of course set the mood
with a few candles around the living room. A few too many wines later, your
guests have left, and you’re off to bed. One of the candles flickers onto the
curtains and they go up in flames. The smoke sets off your smoke alarm but
you’re a heavy sleeper to begin with, and that third glass of wine means you’re
not hearing the alarm.
Never fear, your smoke alarm sends out a message to the motion detectors
throughout your house. They notice the alarm is going off, but there is no
movement in the house. They send a message back to the smoke detector,
which sends a signal to the local fire bridge, and out they come!
4. You’re walking down the supermarket aisle, and you get to the milk fridge.
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28. Your shopping trolley vibrates, and the screen mounted on the trolley handles
displays a message: “There is no milk in your fridge. Would you like to purchase
some?”
Your fridge has identified that the teenager residing in your house has drunk the
2L milk bottle you bought 2 days ago. The fridge has sent a message to your
phone. Your phone knows that you’re in the supermarket and has told your
trolley. Your trolley knows you’re next to the milk fridge and has told you that
you’re out of milk.
So, you buy milk, and 50 other groceries. This is going to take a while to check
out, right? Wrong, you simply wheel your trolley out through the smart gates,
instantly scanning all the products in your trolley and charging your credit card.
You receive an email with the itemized receipt.
5. It’s 2025 and you’re stepping out of the office to hail a cab to your important
business meeting. Of course, your Google Calendar automatically scanned your
Gmail and uploaded an entry for your meeting to your phone. Your phone told
your office that you were leaving. By the time you’re at the front door, your self-
driving Google Cab has pulled up. You hop in and start to tell it where you want
to go. Of course, it already knows. Oh, and by the way, your Google cab is free!
It’s Autumn and you’ve heard that the snow season is lining up to be a cracker.
Last weekend, you were browsing new ski jackets at the shops. You didn’t buy
any of course; your old one is perfectly fine! You did try one on though.
What’s really weird is that the five screens in your Google cab just happen to be
playing adverts for the jacket. The jacket sent a cookie to your smart watch. The
cookie knows that you tried the jacket on, but didn’t leave the store with it. Your
smart watch tells your cab which then plays you the adverts for the entire cab
ride. It’s real world re-targeting.
Your cab is “Free” though.
6. You’re sitting in a queue of 50 cars at an intersection. You can see the traffic
lights ahead. They turn green and you think “Go go go! We can all make it
through if we try!” To your horror, four cars make it through before the lights turn
red.
What if all the cars on the road could talk to each other, and better yet, talk to the
traffic lights themselves? Completely optimized and efficient traffic lights. Better
yet, the greater traffic system could be talking to all cars on the road everywhere,
spreading out traffic via different routes based on congestion and wait times.
7. You’re a M.A.M.I.L. – a middle aged man in Lyrca. You’re out for your easy
100km Sunday morning ride, and you’re about 30km from home. It was raining
the night before and the roads are slick. You take a corner a little too fast and
your bike slips out from under you. You fall, hard. You’ve hit your head, you’re
unconscious and you’re by yourself, 30km from home.
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29. The accelerometer in your helmet has detected that you’ve hit your head. Your
helmet ‘calls out’ to see if your bike is near by (it is) and if it’s moving (it’s not).
Your bike sounds an emergency alarm for five seconds. If it’s not deactivated,
your bike sends your exact location to an ambulance, and any other emergency
contacts you’ve pre-listed. Your bike alarm continues to sound, attracting the
attention of passers-by. It also sends out a signal to the road sign 1km down the
road warning motorists to slow down.
8. Your coffee saucer is actually a tiny scale. You’re at the café, reading Business
Insider. You finish your coffee and put down the cup. You get a pop up on your
tablet: “Looks like you’ve finished your coffee. Another?” You click yes, and the
barista is sent an order.
Unfortunately, there isn’t any technology that can make ‘asking out the cute girl
sitting at the next table’ any easier. Oh wait… maybe she’s on Tinder?
9. Your bed has an in-built sleep cycle monitor. Your new neighbours decided
Thursday night was a great time to have a housewarming and play some
obnoxious music until 3am. Your sleep was heavily interrupted. Your bed tells
your alarm to give you an extra hour of sleep. Your alarm checks your schedule
to see if you have any appointments first thing in the morning. You don’t, so it lets
you sleep.
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30. Innovation Sweet Spot = Human Experience
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32. “FAA Modernization and Reform Act” [related to UAV’s] - FAA
“Building Smarter Manufacturing With The Internet of Things (IoT)” – Lopez
Research
“The Next Industrial Revolution: How the Internet of Things and Embedded,
Connected, Intelligent Devices will Transform Manufacturing” – Frost & Sullivan
www.iotweeklynews.com
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