2. SREE AYYAPPA COLLEGE
Eramallikkara P.O. Thiruvanvandoor
Chengannur , Alleppy Dist.

3. SEMINAR REPORT
ON
SOFTWARE
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of
B.Sc Computer Science
SREE AYYAPPA COLLEGE,
ERAMALLIKKARA
Presented by
SREEJITH.B
DEPARTMANT OF
B.SC COMPUTER SCIENCE
SREE AYYAPPA COLLEGE,ERAMALLIKKARA
UNIVERSITY OF KERALA
2008

4. SREE AYYAPPA COLLEGE
ERAMALLIKKARA
Department of B.Sc Computer Science
CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is the bonafide record on the Seminar entitle
SOFTWARE
submitted by
SREEJITH.B
During the year 2008 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of B.ScComputer science of University of kerala
Seminar Coordinator Head of the Dept

5. Acknowledgement
I take this opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude to all those who
have contributed to the successful completion of my seminar.
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to for providing me guidelines in the
presentation of seminar.
I also thank all the lecturers in the department of computer science for their whole
hearted co-operation and guidance in completing my seminar successfully.
I also thank to computer science senior students and my friends which went a long
way to make this seminar a satisfying experience for me.
Sreejith .B
S1CS
Class No:10

6. ABSTRACT
Software is a set of instructions to perform a desired and useful
work, by which the operations of the computer for the computations
and processing are controlled. The complete software system with its
components and interaction among them. The term software system
can be defined as the system software and application software that
must be added to a host machine (hardware) in order to realise some
desired function.

7. CONTENTS
page no
• Introduction…………………………………………. 8
• Software……………………………………………… 9
• Classification of software…………………………… 10
1) System software
2) Application software
• Relationship between hardware & software………. 15
• Software figures………………………………………16
• Conclusion…………………………………………… 20
• Reference……………………………………………. 21

8. INTRODUCTION
The computer is a very powerful machine, the basic use of which
is to process data. Yet to realize the power of it, programs are
needed. The computer consists of hardware and software and
the software drives the hardware. That means without the
software the computer can do nothing. But if we have the
software, a computer can store, retrieve, solve different types
of programs, create friendly environment for software
development etc. That means the software brings the
computer to life.
The process of software development is called programming. To
do programming the programmer should have detailed
knowledge of the problem to be solved, the corresponding
algorithm and the particular programming language to solve a
problem or develop software.

9. SOFTWARE
Software is the part of the computer system which enables the hardware to operate. A
computer without software is like a body without life. A computer is an extremely fast,
accurately calculating machine that takes data as input and processes them according to a
set of instructions to produce the desired result as output. A sequence of instructions
written in a language that can be understood by a computer is called a computer program,
the program is called SOFTWARE. Computer can solve problems through a program. The
person who writes programs is called programmer. A programmer has to have a clear
understanding of the problem and should also know the precise nature of the desired
result. Any problems or data that require manipulation to derive the solution or
meaningful information, must be approached in a scientific manner.
To process a particular set of data (either numeric or character) and to produce
meaningful information, a computer must be given a program. Usually these programs are
stored in a secondary storage device, so that it can be executed at any time. When a stored
program is executed, the following things happen:
1) Data get into the computer’s memory from an input device like keyboard or
secondary storage device such as floppy diskette or hard disk.
2)The data given as input is processed according to the program.
3)Output information is produced on the VDU (i.e. softcopy) or printed on to a sheet
of paper (i.e. hard copy)

10. Classification of Software
• System software
• Application software
• System software
System software , also known as a system package, is a set of one or more programs
designed to control the operation of a computer system. These programs do not solve
specific problems. System software is a collection of programs that directly control the
computer’s internal operations and also that help ordinary users to make use of a
computer effectively and efficiently. The programs included in a system software are
called system programs and the person who prepares systems software is referred to as
a system programmer. The system software can be further classified into two
categories:
1) Operating system
2) Language processor
• Operating system
Operating system, which acts as an interface between the user and the hardware, is a set of
programs that control, and co-ordinate the operations of a computer and help to make
efficient use of its resources.

11. Main Functions Of Operating System
Process Management: The process management module of an operating system takes care
of the creation and deletion of processes, scheduling of various system resources to the
different processes requesting them, and providing mechanisms for synchronization and
communication among processes.
Memory Management: The memory management module of an operating system takes
care of the allocation and dealloaction of memory space to the various programs in need
of this resource.
File Management: The file management module of an operating system takes care of file
related such as organization, storing, retrieval, naming, sharing and protection of files.
Security: The security module of an operating system protects the resources and
information of a computer system against destruction and unauthorized access.
Command Interpretation: The command interpretation module of an operating system
takes care of interpreting user commands, and direction the system resources to handle
the request.
• Language processors
A computer can understand only machine language. A machine language program
consists of numeric instruction codes. It is difficult to write programs directly in the
machine language. In early days, assembly languages are used. Today high level
languages are used. The result was high level languages. There is a big difference

12. between machine and high level languages. Languages processors are the system program
that translates assembly or high level language instructions into equivalent machine
language instructions. The different type of language processors are:
1) Assembler
2) Compiler
3) Interpreter
Assemble
The assembler of a computer system is a system software, supplied by the computer
manufacturer, which translates an assembly language program into its equivalent
machine language program.
Compiler
Compiler is a translator program, which translates a high level language program into its
equivalent machine language program.
Interpreter
It takes one statement of a high level language program, translates it into machine language
instructions, and then immediately executes the resulting machine language
instructions.

13. • Application software
Software developed for specific application is called application software. The term
application indicates that the software is applied for the job at hand. Software for
applications like inventory control, payroll, accounting, air-line reservation etc are some
common examples of this type. Application software is a set of one or more programs,
designed to solve a specific problem, or do a specific task for an individual or an
organization. Application software includes prewritten software packages, custom made
programs and utilities.
Prewritten software
Prewritten software packages address the processing needs of many users, whereas custom-
made programs (customized software) meet the requirements of specific organisation or
individual. Prewritten software are:
1) Word processing packages
2) Electronic spreadsheets
3) Graphics and multimedia packages
4) Database management packages
5) Desk top publishing packages

14. Utilities
Utilities are those application programs that assist the computer by performing
housekeeping functions like backing up disk or scanning/cleaning viruses or arranging
information etc. some important utilities are:
1) Test Editor
2) Bank up Utility
3) Compression Utility
4) Disk Defragmenter
5) Antivirus Software
Customized Software
There is no single software that meets every imaginable need. General purpose software
packages are meant for specific tasks like word processing or spreadsheet preparation.
Custom software on the other hand are development to meet the processing needs of a
specific organization individual. These are tailor-made according to the specific
requirements of the user.
Custom-software development is needed as a consequence of computerization process.
Custom-made software are generally for data-processing needs and building information
system. Some common application where custom-made software is required are:

15. 1) Payroll 2) Accounting
3) Air-line reservation 4) Insurance
5) Government 6) Banking
7) Library management 8) Sales and Inventory Control
9) Hospital management
Relationship Between Hardware & Software
• Both hardware & software are necessary for a computer to computer to do useful job.
Both are complementary to each other.
• Same hardware can be loaded with different software to make a computer perform
different types of jobs just as different songs can be played using the same cassette
player.
• Except for upgrades (like increasing main memory and hard disk capacities, or adding
speakers, modems, etc.). Hardware is normally a one-time expense, whereas software is
a continuing expense. Like we buy new cassettes for newly released songs whose
cassettes, we do not have, we buy, new software to be run on the same hardware as and
when need arises, or funds become available.

16. SOFTWARE FIGURES
Software system added to host machine

17. Classification of Software

18. Software Themes

19. Software Themes

20. CONCLUSION
Software is a set of instructions to perform a desired and useful work, by which
the operations of the computer for the computations and processing are
controlled. The term software system can be defined as the system software and
application software that must be added to a host machine (hardware) in order to
realize some desired function. It depicts the relationship among hardware, system
software, application software, and users of a computer system. Surrounding the
hardware is system software layer that constitutes the operating and
programming environment of the computer system. It hides the hardware details
of the system from application programmers, and coordinates the operations of
various hardware devices for optimizing the performance of all devices. Finally,
the users’ layer consists of the user interfaces provided by the application
software. Different application software usually provide different user interface.
Software are classifieds into two they are system software & application software.
The term software refers to a collection of programs. A program is a sequence of
instructions written in a language understood by a computer.

21. References
•Computer fundamentals (Fourth Edition) - Pradeep k. Sinha
Priti Sinha
•Computer Fundamentals with C programming (Second Edition)
- Sabu G . R
•Computer Science (Arjun Books, class +1) - G . S . Anil Kumar
Hashir . A
Shiju S . S

22. Thank You