Anatomical terms

1. 120,1$$1$720,$
0(

2. ./+$32OO+$,
$+$7200T(.$
+20(+.-,$73$
FR

3. XTXDFDQEX8EFWQR0X
SXFFª[X[ªHXHD

4. VHXURH
+RUSHUDP,+H0+L;L$52-%,$
O-
$,+(,7,%2(((37
,OLO$%O2O7
$(+3+2(@O2,,22(-,+(++

5. @5,
0HP$%DSR--DXHDD720XHF%52D0+5-LD7OSODR$HQ S
0;$),-,2?%O$?OH-IQUQD
+DF7+P[DQDU-D,%-,+
7O+7%HSQ7/,L0D+QHSHH0SD
R7D++K,O,0,,D
O,,-7,-2L,7E2+-R,+H%5Q,,HELQOL0SDQHQHD QRQ
+/,+7,,,D+D
720OO
O.,,;-7D775S+0,.,2,0,+2%S5FDF[RZ
DDVUVD[ SD,,2-,O2O,%7+HR+0EDS0,U;DQDR+DRDSVUDDDD[
UUDFDRD[UDDFU7RHUS0[++2%227%H77%0HH7P

6. -QDS2-,52IL
ULDSP,.2LL D5D720,,
O.$22L,L72-,++2+0O,+-.%-LD7SH %+++KOOO,,2-OHLO

7. -XD,2,D'5OD8720,
O[RD.U,S,H;FFD[
%.-,,2D+
O[0HPSDS+R

8. -++EDQ,D702,,
O.OO+[RQUS%H7RFRQ[R

9. 3FF[HDD72D0OO.O
OO7HHSO05OEO227%77%,7 7HS
0,O,OD0OI?O5O

10. Q-DSR2

11. LOLD5DDDUDRVHRFDD,,0HR5.D-WLS
KOUU
FR[SFFDD[USH[DRDQ82-OO2
O2%-L,H,
O0OOOD+DDXDVHDDRX
QSDDDRDDQPUUSDDFDQSDVSDRDRH[DDQ3RLR7HSSH0+D,2,
DRUHDFV[DR+20++HL-LSOHDQDDD$X0+3+DHS,-%H5
%.DDHUFQH R3,,Q+9D,-,LK,+2U%RFHFFRVHDQLRR[DPDDQVDUUR
02%I,,72-,,O20I2S%,2-,2,2%
.QDUSDDFFVDUDDPD+S2D.,DQ,S+UDSD
OHLL SD+K,; FQH
QDDDVDRFSHU

12. H-DD.,-+S2D55K7,5;,+2%
0O2L

13. %%D9,U0HPQQD[SRRDQUSQDHRFD0FDHUR%X,ROVDSD
PHQPDUU,S,++D70HP—+DRSQDD+DDDQUFRUDQXHD+20H5+-LDU
SDDD-L+D+7520 D!53HDULVL1DRPQLDQD$QDWLFRDP31$

14. .RUDDRS%DQRQHFQQUDUR[0HPQQDS[RRQDUF%DKS[OH;F ,QQRD
UUDRHQQDQDFQSD%QKQ-2O,HSDHD.2+0HQR%FDRQRDUQ+DD,U-QRQD-,-!
DUVHDDDURXD+DH0FH[PUPQSDH FRUDRHDUFUURUHQQ,ODSDDH
F5RLL0HPQQDSRQ+ROODR[HPRUDUSH
H+O0LL0H$+,8-+FUQ+FRVHU0

15. 0XDFUXHSDFVPSQDVRR[
SDDHQXD3QRF7D+2%-LH+R+UH0++%DS+UQSDDDDD
XRHR[Q0Q0QSKDOHXHDDDUHHS0++2%31$%0HQ,,,,-;,+DD+FU5D
UUQS[HQD5P,-S+++D;-DLDR%QDUH©Q0VHFQUDVQHD%QR-DLªEPRLL
0HQQQ6L+P,F-5R+L5-L,2DQH7D.aPO%8H,QD72-LRURD+D72-OIOO
,.2+
F-LPFHQHQR0HDQ[HQQQHXSXQUF.D.-HRLHLOLO+,,0
HQHFX5RLL
XDQH 2QDRD0SHSVH.URHD0HD+R

16. -U2U%DR-S,DQRQUQ 3FF[LR
DDDUR[DY+RH0FHD+5-LLRDāU,,SHS%UDU+RPDFURDFDUDVDDDXD
,,,,D5SFFDDD+D7[2-,853+L;HUH0,S,+2%FRRUUDDHUURRPHUR
31$QPDQSHSPQUQDUDVDDQ$0+3$ā$-.Q2%D% ,0,,
XSRT,L2++RQDHDV1URDPLQDDQDWRP0LHFPD—SR+DQQDD
DDDVPUVHFFDD+D20H5+-LDU,ORSSDQHQ$ā$,%
DQD0QR%
0HQQQDDQ

17. 2QDDUDUR[R,,2+5%KO-,%[DDRDUSQRUDHU
FV[DVDU%Q,W5,WD'U,OSHVPQQDSUDQHDDD%DFHFRURRDDRU
+D+2
UR22,'D7+%DD2702%IO7O2-,22,%-02OS2,-,2UQ2%S+%-,-,
SHPHQRDQHRQURU.RRD[SVHHHPURX9,,,%FHHRURFD
DKRHX-O
DDUDRVURUQDRFDUURRDDD0SRQ-,2U%R%U%7DPDDHHU@
QSHRQU3DFFRD[DDDUR[DV+2HOF?,[HF-D,5,-LODSDURDDD[S0K+O,',
HUSDQDSDDRR[SDQHDD%D%,3OHUSRRVUFDPRRUR 0 -8,UQURLP7D%HSU.5Q0HQ+FDFUQ QR3SDFDFS[DIRLLRLUVH
D+D72O?I,3%L2H05+25LL-LDUF2S2E7,%H7F7%URPHLL ,ODS+,5.2LL
0HLO?Q+DDRSRDHQD+DRDL%LDFU-LHS—HFURRPFUHD0QH QSHQFHQD
7HPQSRS0,,[DOO
,HQ--Q,LL5R2%08,,QS+RG$L%%R
SDFRD-DDODHSUD

18. Q D5DHD0+.$+%3UURTSL/-0U-RL
0++F5

19. QSR300+RUDQ 2SQHSRDFIS,L2SU+D

20. +UUDHQ
0RFU

21. QDQSRTLU$5RS5227%+DDDQV`QSR$3%5SDH%
ā0R[FDD

22. D.DQH0+.$0+*Q3SRF%S5%QSP,+2%0RFD
%D

23. QSRI+!+-ODDS3RDDVDDVQ

24. SRF%S$+Q5,,7,2,0RHQ
HD

25. DDFHPHQ+QH7DH!-,-LD!DL[DQSRG0LU,OSD-VOHHFQDD
USD
QPH

26. Q5$R0S+S U3SURTL03DPP0RF[`DD
XRS3+7R.2-,2%$FSUD[D`DVVDF-LPHQ+H+DE,U++HD[.+V
7,3($0-,2%+(

27. QSFRO!0$SHFHQD-HODDSDQDU

28. QSRT%QHSDQF.QLLD
SDU

29. HQVRSGL,,,!UQHDRDDRDDHDF

30. [++OOR%O0RHQ
%D

31. 7%77%%+K,+FH[SHDUSV]QZH7+0U$022%0R%,D^

32. 2%75D++20+.-DL7S+D+520+,8,SDDSDIUDQLDR,O-RLDRLH+H+
.272SR,H,;,2-,2,'+,S,,,+'2%+F,R,UDFVHD[DD0HPQX+2DOSORQ
DDUDRDFVDRDVQHR0HPPD7SK,QS,O,O+7K0,H;PQQ'DK/+S0RDDD
720,3,QFR.VDU0HDUFU.DPUXUSHDURVUUY,X$1

33. QDDDQQRH
,ORDRVDHDDHQQPUHU2SEQ,D-,HU2QQHHQSDDRHHQHQR7S,
DDQQR0O,+2-,2UQ‡UQF.2OOQS,D.O2S0HQVF-F,U$QQ0O+L+O?UHQ3SHQ
FHQDUHDD[VD$Q0+ QS3RT+ $+SDHDFPUD

34. ,OQSSDDSDWLR3UF[FH.RDODLDURDDDVRHHPDFF[DRDDU,?SRHU
0+FFQDQS,,+-+DLDDRFDRQFUDFUQRQSUQHHQS+K%QUQUHQ;RPL
QDDQDPLWFRD0HPQQDQSDRSDRDXQDVUDHFDD[DR[HDUPSRDU
,R,QSHQO$O,%
R%QDD0+0HQDQDDD
%3FF.2D+Q7D20+[‡HFLZLDRDHDDD%DRUFRQDRDS[HLUQR^
+0F[RSDUVDFQDRUHQHRUUDHHUHDS0+D%VK,QVHQHQPD0H,OORD
+,!,0+00D.O02%+0
R,H+X0:,0$ ( 0[,0,+/,
,,$%DURSDF[Q+QSDFUDSVHQHUUHDSVUDDSD[DVD[DUV

35. URLP,^
+O,!E7K+5-,
,,2H+K+,DDQ[HHPFRR-LHFHR%H0SH++O!,0+
3FFHQDDQD7R0+.7+H-HUH0SQ+KO—R-,-5+K!7KOQR%,2P
+272,-,,,.UQDXDUD VQRH5DPRR3PLXQDD7UED+OQ!7F,H[0S0D,D,
+D02QDDD[7+R02-,2UD7DLFHQ.H+,H[,U+SRUUPH++027KQR0SURPDHDUDR[H,DORDDD72

36. 0-2-,X2%H+S2HUV27RHQS0D++2Q%F
DDPDURPH7U/RDQD720+
O,8,; 22SD%D,Q,RO,+ OO2LOFQD7/
FDVQHU
3DFQ-R2,,^H,++H
,DLFL7UHHDDQRSDURDVQRH[RRQ+0S2DF[FDU
S,D%7/O;2

37. -++RSUURSDQRQRVUHSUDDD[QRV-DLR+R+PUIH,R

38. -,%H25D FFDQDSDRDDDDDDV%HUS;O+0,+.2+
+2I7-,O-D,

39. L2
O+OO+
0+DQSHQH

40. 7HS+0LKOO©FDUQLODªL+V©FXDGODLV%ªDDD[DHDFDRDHHUUUFDHQ
+2L%;+S++ªOO+O+,+ª..+DOW7H0S++KO -O2,
FQ,HOQ
LHUUX,
QRRDHLQF5-,+,72
KO+DDDDUR+0
,HRFL.DRaUPQPD]SE,TH-L%RH.D
WH%LKO0.DFQHS+07HRQDS7aDSH.20HQQH72,U-FLVR+E%D7/+0HPL]
DSDRQDDR©1RPDLDQQWDPRLVHYHUWLHQULDDª

41. ,?DPQRKS,U+DOQ-2-OL5+D+
LD7KOO+7+,H,S00++2V0D
,+-,,7H[++-0,-V
R,DPHD%DD2S+Q2D%+D27UURS0+++D
Q2-,/H7R+SDM?R-%,D+.O-,,++-,+,,U
HIS0+.+(2%;
UURUQQUHS[HFD75Q+HVQUHDD[HDRDD+DD7D2Q0+D
OH
5+;RRSD%D+++ QR O,0+DU0USH
SO-+,2K,O,;?H++Q,R2D0H7+
7-8U,DDVSXHRQUDRVU%0RSUDUSR+-Q

42. -OQDXFRR[QSD+-,,27+
D3FFVD+RDDR7UQY )L5H2+UUR0H+.-LD%7,?SaFH
UOQHHOF2O+,80,2%
%7H;-,
W+;D[RDU2QO,O,OO2-+-,+,O2O+2L%2+QPURRDSRVDDDDD
.-,%--7,,-.+;7HS0+%2%QUSDUD[HS©UDRLSROQ0DQDD[Dª©UDLL
023OO!!7©VHFUDH[DDD7SR!D !©HQF[UDDDUª

43. +HH]DVDUVDHR%D.-,
,2I++HH D%DUDRDD[FHUUURQRXHDVSDDU
V0^S

44. -RLU
+HFU[Q QUQ72-U,2+,,^+;UHS0++2% +H+0,2+LO;O
-,OE OLDXD
[HDDQ

45. O+-D,+D72027%D.5D5%DDFUQHURHDQSHVUD
FPFHPLRª0HL5XDSR+D

46. ,,!H02S2+-,UO2 O5
D,+HO,U+72-2,U+,H

47. HDDDXR0+H.-LDSE7,7%PHSQHX+KOQHD,;0HPQRXQDSXR0 52+
USHFDQFD7V202%%-7HPUUQSDQ%HU
,Q^R7+02USUD[HQDQHH++2+EO
I+E+,;DD(U0%72%D+%;K,
-,2%227%77%,2PXRT[QPQD-+LEE,00HPQXDSR+Q!,,0USHXD
QD00H

48. K+,D,,-+EL-LD7HSD-LE`,,QL,+DSDS0UD0%U2U.HDSSQQVDSQ
UDPPULLDQS

49. QPS5QSRDDHDPRUUDW%D0[HFQU+QXH
RQFQ7+S0D2DQDHHD++H2-,EO7
H,S+OE+2?,%+;%,S[FRFD
7SD+5S+,,,-2+O5O%OHO+0HHF,-2,7+QR%-LH+7%2QS+R7H-LE+E,;
+E,;Q-+,+,72-LES%DF+,F,[+.D%[+%D-LH+Q72D%QSD[HS QP
QR[D7VDP-LD0 ,
+O+O2Q7D-SLD

50. %02-F,EOU
H,+S/[LDHQVU
7SDLXSFWGIDS%UDHXDDUUSF!F5+LL+%,E5FQHQH
+U,7D7EQSHQ
,O2
,-7L++EK7,0++%7H[-,D
D,[[RUQD2,',-LQUUQSRD[RSFDQSR
7SD++H/,%0@,U8HQa
%FD[DD[QS00H+HUPQVDQF7%2%QDP!,;),++2+K
,,+KO;
-,2%%HH7S0++2-,2,
+
,H2
,.H+7HD+++Q5S2+%2OOF%DKH,HQU
27D%-,E+7+;22++6QXSDPRUR7HUSLDP 5
,ODUSSDDFIDDLRSSVDDDDD++2+E,+E-,;7H0S++2%%%2

51. 0/+,;
%+20+.-7LSD+;2

52. +
0O2FRPRQ7ED+2S0E,-2,%22RSDDR%D
++++USD00D7+5S+FF[RUR DDVUDD
-LHQQRH7,QF!%+D
7,227/,QSHHVRQRQSQHHDHRD-DLRD+U+
H[RRU-,%D2 +H+0H-,+HSF5F2L-FLKD

53. 5[,+?;%+%D-LH+72%
IRPUQDQSR0Q7HEQ%H+DOD!+5DURQLQRXSRQPRQDUD[D
%,,27SQ0D++Q2S%DH[FH-S,Q+DHU7FHDS0+©+-,2.7F%2+
FUD7D2VQRP5H+,7/H,S70E++52-,%F+E,F+UDVª`
2SUDUPHDRFFDQDDDQQVUQHFSQUSU7RRUDURUSD5M!,,HF
QROO0.+27@2-O,,O%70K+K,;2-@+E,+%%D+LQ,
3DIULD5RR0WFUFXQQSF[RQFD-LQHDPQQ0URRSDDRK0QHH-,!+/L
W-L,H,%K5R0,7+O,URRPUUQDRUUMSQWHHHDPDSHDDHQDV+U20HUPUD7
SVUUURS3++-DODVSRSDDQ-ELHO ,,H7+HS0++/ª,Q?H
DHVVUHDQSR72:,%ªQSRS%$+D.+57-2©2FURHDURDDª
,W
QSRF-L0D[DQL+LDQRRU0LU$02%202,
2,,-,0U ©QQQHF02-,2U+Q+S!R!I$OU5RSR7%520,,22U-,RPU,OSFDD©HIDOQUDHSDUDHDDVDD+-@DE7,-;/,+DD+70E!

54. O
!URSI!
%ODO
FDFUHQS[RD-ªL0+;D+-,2%©HSQQQHSªR%S%5UU
S,+52%©$SHSUDDQQHVQªUQSR-$L%%RSQFRD-,+0FSD
7,
,HF5DDFDUHQDSRDG9ª,L-,+DUDQ©,OHQUSDQVDDD DDFDDFUHUVUUSDRD033 DQ++ ,OSQ%UR+DQQQP+H
SDªUUSR,S,,

55. 7HQD+2%,OHS,,M!DHSHQSD,HHQFDD5FDDUH
0DªSLR0WH5HUHD77+%QR%QS

56. RGL0IR-L ©%DUVUDUQQ
DDD QHS+FD7HDD0DDQ

57. S

58. RG%LQHDSD[DFD©2SUD+KO
,%7%U!SUR!M!0,,[DLLUUUUSRR%0-!$SHFHDD
-LD7+UHDQª5DPQ%/USVDHQD%QRFQHUQRUQSHDXFF[UDDSDQDFD
QRF2-%,,2,DDDDQFDHDD5QR0+++QR5DPPQU7HSUQQSQD
+,-0RDF-LL[RDQUDHDDDRVHSHPHD,HDSO%HK,VODSLDDQUQSRR[UD,---
SDRVF-LD%,2,DFHRUQHDHDD%DFHFR,+2,2
QDVDRRUIPRLHHUDDDDD
7202%IO7O2-,,22
%+602SO2O-,2%U2%2+2%+E,U2-2,%+/LH+D
,+2
+-LHQR5%+HD7+H+-,7/+770O+!+O+7HSF7%DDQSDDDRDHR[DDSD
3 Q$0+3%SHDDDPQR%0,Q%U-L%+D,27H0S++22-a,

59. 7F5H[RXDFF%KDOU-RQ,R2QVHRDRR-,,!PDRFH-QLSRHZPH
Q5LXLDD0H
LD0PGHU'TH-,[,!-ULRTPHQPROU!Q^H%5-LD7SZ
%HHDDDHUD
+DQXSDHSQRP2H/P,U-QS,D+FF27S,2?,,0KHOLWLFF
QRRQUPQQD+Q+F;UQRW-7QHS%DRQR--U227.22%%5WH-DO77K+RUR
DDSDDDU%2D0H%5-LDK7,%S%++F%, F.DDD++,'8QR,DHVDDDDD
O?8DQ,7R.200%7DS.+D.+.-LDQUQFI7XDP.+.SFF57+H0S+0
%D0FRH7D%-R,RU%TE5D,2H00H%7DS5RU0Q02%7DSPU XDFDURUTXH
FD7HS0,,3+21%$%%--7+',[HUDHS,U,RU'R©D1RXPPLQD DQDWR
PLFDª $PVWHUGDPFRFF2V[UIDRD[UDDG,D$D1XP.R
0+7H7+

60. SR07HRUR
OD.720K0H+7DSQHQUUSQRDDDHLUYUHPQ
F.ROQLR0H+.-LD5720S+HFRFPLULFRE,-,.DDD0+,R,VUDFFPR` F+5227SK0,+QSH]PYH+++0LODDQSDDHS%HSQQ7S08©+XSR
,?25+2+5!`%
%7+:7,-+DDWQLH[HSPRUPDD-,2,
+
OH
,,?H7HS0++KH,FUODWVQªWHDFDXGDOOVV ©YHQWUDOWVª +H,,2-E,L,%D7O-+O!25EOOE+
O8
,+/L,
HPDSSR[RQSO
,0H!H+%D H
.PUPQZ+

61. D
O UWQ2H,SHPRDQ7-3$-%HQ2SDFDDRFDVQDH SF
5+H%QHDRUR'SVSUHUªH

62. .DRHP02FUH-%FL+URDDDFDU5VRFD
0+LFUQHSQHV-DLRDURQQFDHS[+T7HXKOQ[SDFDDD%2P+D [
XSHQQRUVHDDD
+DSDHQSDSDD7R5RLLSFUHRDFRDQFDDUHDSQDRD.R0+FFXLL
DDHFD%D31$0DRUQRSH`O
QRRHPHHP-G,L,OO7ODH.PU+UHR
QSHULQ5RDFPDH-P,U+Q2K7.'D5-LUEH+KS,;XDRDDRHDDRQSRVR]V
?D,2%7,,+S.5270H0%7DSQP7DU.QD

63. ,-H-SLED/DaDHDRD
a-LDUF7H+DDªQSRTL0+[DLLQ-L0RD$SHFHQQ
©HUVFHDUDSDDRVHU[+RDQU[HS[RHHDDDDQªHSRZ0Q
[DLL2%-,+QS0S,,.DUDQ©$SUHS++HHSQQªDQSRS
%QHSD+.+LL©%HPU2-,+2R%UR0RDUD!!QSRFS+05D
UDQ

64. .DDDDDSEDLDHSDIL'R,-UD,[D+DQSDD%D,$H1DD%2-X
PDV
,D7/QSH]YURPHQ,S,DD+ULDD,,%5.R-U0LRH+TQ7DH%UFRQ0D
FRQ7H%HS7RDUDQRDDD3D1$RPPQRQHRDUSVRUH QHRPQHDQR
RQRR%SHXDPFZLQUT+VHQ0DPRUQQQQR0HUT%H+UXEHaOQSD]R
PH%OOL-
2UDRHSUDWL5RR0U+H++QFRRHQUHRDVDHUHURDQXRRDSRRURDSD
SFHDD[LO.%O,%aDUQQPH+L7]2%+DSDR,S,D,O73,2L0H ,.;+U[SHVUDDRD
2/,-DD,,FQ,QU+RDQFUDPQQDHDPD!F,HQDQDDURQSRHSQDS+0D
00+++7HSHD7Q%SDDQRR[SDDH3QDDQDSHDDU
,OS,7,20RURSUURSH+aR0SDRS+P72U,RS,D+R
5R
0E,,,,,+
7OSR,H,[2

65. U-,
27D2%+-DL7H2+0%+2+
OH+20.H2P+PāD7SSEDO027
SH,Q,RSRRSHD QD,D-D
LFDH%Q++D22D+0DD+.-LD75S2+0+2OO++
QSD,OHVS+Q+$00H+ D%3FHDUVILSUHU%HSPDH+
9,,,%FHHR,F+
'O,!0HDSD2RD[0RUDUDHURDQ%RUR02S,,2-,2
URD
%DDURRDPHDDD
Q,7D+HD+D00HDQHQDUDQHFHPU;H0UHHPDD
--QDSROO+20DQ+RD7D2U0S+H
%FO7FHHR[52D0R-

66. LD7++
HPP757SQDRHR7TP+QQDQ/20+OO3D0PHPQRQSRXDDQROL
D5D720+W-DHRF0HWPRLPWDU©S/1,HPLDQQVDWRPW)FRDXUHGWLK
WLR$QSªSURYEHWGKH 7HQWK ,QWHUQD$WQLRDRWQDO RQJUHVV PLWVVDW7RNR$XJVXW$PVHWUGD2P[IRUG