Here is the time line for key developments in Karab village based on interviews with elder villagers: 1880 - Village established 1930 - Primary school opened 1955 - Gram Panchayat formed 1958 - First bore well dug 1960 - First tractor and cultivator introduced 1965 - Electricity connection provided 1975 - Secondary school and motorcycles/cars appeared 1976 - First seed drill used 1979 - Chemical fertilizers like DAP started being used 1980 - Electric bore wells, hybrid crop varieties introduced 1988 - Television, pesticides, artificial insemination services began 1994 - Telephone connection came 1995 - Anganwadi center opened 1998 -

2. Field Experience Training at Karab village using PRA tools
DUVASU, Mathura
85th Foundation Course of Agricultural Research Service Trainees:
1. Dr. Prabhat Kumar Pankaj (Livestock Production and Management)
2. Mr. Nirmal Kumar (Agricultural Physics)
3. Mr. Kundan Kumar (Aquaculture)
4. Dr. Fateh Singh (Veterinary Microbiology)
5. Dr. Sushil Kumar (Plant Breeding)
6. Mr. Amit Kumar Mishra (Biotechnology, Agricultural Science)
Period of FET: 20th March, 2009 to 9th April, 2009

3. BASIC INFORMATION OF THE
VILLAGE, TRANSECT & AGRO-
ECOLOGY MAP
AMIT MISHRA

4. Socialization photographs

5. 27°28’032’’
77°47’021
77°48’013’’
27°29’ 110’’

6. Satellite Image of Village Karab

7. Basic Information of the village
 Name of the village – Karab
 Village Panchayat – Karab
 Block- Raya
 Taluka – Mahavan
 District – Mathura
 State – Uttar Pradesh
 Main social occupation of the village -
Farming and Livestock
 Sources of income of the village -
Agricultural produce, milk, agribusiness and
govt. services

8. Basic Information of the village
 Geographical coordinates
Latitude- 27°28’ to 27° 29’ N
Longitude –77°47’ to 77° 48' E
Altitude – 558 m from MSL in centre of village
Mean annual rainfall – 600 mm
 Demographic pattern
Total Population - 7523
Male - 4213
Female - 3310
Total Households - 2389
Below poverty line household - 589
Above poverty line house hold - 1800
Literacy: 80 %; Male 92 % and Female 64 %

9. Distribution of households under different communities:
Community No. of households
Jat 1402
Brahmins 700
Schedule caste 150
Muslim 70
Gupta 60
Swarnkar 5
Rajput 2
Land use pattern:
Land use Area (acres)
Total area: 2618
a.Cultivated area (Net Sown Area): 2136
b.Irrigated area: 2136
c.Residential area: 248
d.Other area: 234
Barren land 128
pasture land 49
Panchayat land 30
Road etc 27

10. Crop husbandry
 Crops in Kharif (July-October) – Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Bajra, Til,
Cotton, Pigeon pea, mung and urd
 Rabi (October-April) – Wheat, Barley, Mustard, Potato, Masoor,
Chickpea and pea
 Orchards – Mango and Guava
 Vegetables –Tomato, chilies, Brinjal and Cauliflower,
 Yield per unit (acre)
 Rice - 23-25Q/acre
 Wheat - 20-22Q/acre
 Mustard - 5-7 Q/acre
 Potato - 100-150 Q/acre Bt Cotton started by
few farmers

11. Animal husbandry
 Type of animals – Cow, buffalo, sheep, goat , pig and poultry
 Fodder availability, requirement and deficit
 Sufficiently available
 Berseem
 Sudan grass
 Sorghum and Bajra
(grown in sandy loam soils )

12.  Other information
 Ponds – 6
 Anganwadi Kendra – 1
 Overhead tanks – 1.
 Commercial bank – Oriental Bank of Commerce
 Schools :
Primary School: (Government- 02 and Private- 03)
Government Girls Junior high school- 01
Intermediate colleges- 02 (one having agriculture in curriculum)
Ayurvedic hospital, Maternity centre, Post office and Veterinary
dispensary

13. Agro-ecological Mapping &
Village Transect

14. Agro Ecosystem Map
Kis: OmPrakash, Chhetrapal Singh, Santosh Singh

15. Resource map
Kis: OmPrakash, Chhetrapal Singh, Santosh Singh

20. Social Map
Kis: OmPrakash, Chhetrapal Singh, Santosh Singh, Padam Singh

21. Village Transact
Topography/ Low land Medium land Up land
Particulars
Water type Teliya, Khara and Meetha Meetha Water Khara and Meetha water
water
Soil Type Clay Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam
Crop Rice, Wheat, Mustard, Moong Rice, Wheat, Cotton Sorghum, Bajra, Cotton,
Mustard, Til
Animals Cattle & Buffalo Poultry, Swine, Cattle & Sheep, Goat, Cattle &
Buffalo Buffalo
Horticulture Jamun, Pomegranate Mango, Lemon Guava, Lemon
Vegetable Bhindi, Brinjal, chilli Cauliflower, Cabbage, Potato, tomato
crops Tomato, Potato
Water source Canal and Rainfall Canal and Bore well Canal, bore well
Tree Species Neem, Peepal, shisam Neem,Peepal, jamun Neem,Peepal, Babool,
Babool, Ficus sp., Ficus sp., Prosopis sp.
Prosopis sp.

22. Village Transact Contd….
Chenopodium album, Phalaris Chenopodium album, Chenopodium album,
minor, Avena ludoviciana, Phalaris minor, Avena Phalaris minor, Avena
Trianthema portulacastrum, ludoviciana, Trianthema ludoviciana, Trianthema
Weeds
Cyprus Sp., Cynodon dactylon, portulacastrum, Argemon portulacastrum, Cyprus Sp.,
Argemon maxicana, Phyllanthus maxicana, Prathenium Cynodon dactylon, Argemon
niruri, agropyron repens hysterophorus maxicana, Phyllanthus niruri
Berseem, Bajra, sorghum and
Fodder - Berseem
Sudan grass.
1. Water scarcity & poor 1. Water scarcity & poor
quality water quality water
1. Water Logging
2. Weeds 2. Weeds
2. Weeds
3. Insect & Pest 3. Insect & Pest
3. Insect & Pest
4. Diseases of plant & 4. Diseases of plant &
Problems 4. Diseases of plant & animals
animals animals
5. Unavailability of agri. inputs
5. Unavailability of 5. Unavailability of
timely
agricultural inputs agricultural inputs
6. Soil quality
timely timely
6. Soil quality 6. Soil quality
1. Contract Farming 1. Contract Farming
1. Contract Farming
2. Rice Processing Plant 2. Rice Processing Plant
2. Rice Processing Plant
3. Oil Expeller installation 3. Oil Expeller installation
3. Oil Expeller installation
Opportunities 4. Poultry farming 4. Poultry farming
4. Poultry farming
5. Value addition in milk & 5. Value addition in milk &
5. Value addition in milk & milk
milk products milk products
products
6. Flower cultivation 6. Flower cultivation

23. Technology Map, Matrix
Ranking & Consequence
Diagram
Dr. P. K. Pankaj

24. Technology Map For A.H.
Art
Pankaj

25. Technology Map For Crops
Art
Pankaj

26. MATRIX RANKING FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY (BREED)
Village: Karab, Mathura (U.P.) Matrix Ranking
CRITERIA KIs INDIGENOUS CROSSBRED MURRAH RANK OVERALL
CATTLE CATTLE BUFFALO VALUE SCORE
K1 III = 1 I=3 I=3 7
K2 III = 1 I=3 I=3 7
Productivity 28
K3 III = 1 I=3 I=3 7
K4 III = 1 I=3 I=3 7
K1 II = 2 I=3 I=3 8
Less labour K2 III = 1 II = 2 II = 2 5
27
requirement K3 II = 2 I=3 II = 2 7
K4 III = 1 I=3 I=3 7
K1 I=3 II = 2 I=3 8
Disease K2 II = 2 II = 2 I=3 7
29
resistance K3 II = 2 II = 2 I=3 7
K4 I=3 III = 1 I=3 7
K1 III = 1 II = 2 II = 2 5
Ease to K2 III = 1 II = 2 II = 2 5
22
manage K3 III = 1 II = 2 I=3 6
K4 III = 1 I=3 II = 2 6
K1 III = 1 I=3 I=3 7
K2 III = 1 I=3 I=3 7
Profitability 27
K3 III = 1 I=3 II = 2 6
K4 III = 1 I=3 I=3 7
Column 28 51 54
Total
KIs: K1: Sh. Omprakashji Scores: I = 3
K2: Sh. Subhash Yadav II = 2
K3: Sh. Amar Singh III = 1
K4: Sh. Digambar Singh

27. MATRIX RANKING FOR AGRICULTURE (RICE VARIETY)
Village: Karab, Mathura (U.P.) Matrix Ranking Contd…
CRITERIA KIs SAKET-4 PRH-10 PUSA RANK OVERALL
SUGANDH VALUE SCORE
K1 III = 1 II = 2 I=3 6
K2 III = 1 II= 2 II = 2 5
Profitability 23
K3 III = 1 II = 2 I=3 6
K4 III = 1 II = 2 I=3 6
K1 II = 2 I=3 I=3 8
K2 III = 1 II = 2 II = 2 5
Yield 27
K3 II = 2 I=3 II = 2 7
K4 III = 1 I=3 I=3 7
K1 III = 1 II = 2 I=3 6
Pest K2 II = 2 II = 2 II = 2 6
24
resistance K3 II = 2 II = 2 I=3 7
K4 III = 1 III = 1 I=3 5
K1 III = 1 II = 2 II = 2 5
Less weed K2 III = 1 II = 2 II = 2 5
21
problem K3 III = 1 II = 2 II = 2 5
K4 III = 1 I=3 II = 2 6
K1 III = 1 II = 2 II = 2 5
Market K2 III = 1 II = 2 II = 2 5
22
Demand K3 III = 1 I=3 II = 2 6
K4 III = 1 II = 2 I=3 6
Column 24 44 49
Total
KIs: K1: Sh. Omprakashji Scores: I = 3
K2: Sh. Subhash Yadav II = 2
K3: Sh. Amar Singh III = 1
K4: Sh. Digambar Singh

28. Increased Gain in Income and
Consequence Diagram
Improvement in the Living
Standard
Higher Milk Production Increased Profitability
HOLSTEIN
+
FRIESIAN
CROSSBRED -
CATTLE
Higher
Susceptibility to
Heat Stress Higher
Mortality
Rate
Higher Disease Mastitis
Incidence incidence
more
Losses to Farmers
KIs: Sh. Omprakashji, Sh. Subhash Yadav, Sh. Amar Singh and Sh. Digambar Singh

29. HIGHER PROFITABILITY TO FARMERS
Consequence Diagram Contd..
Higher Yield
Fertilizer
Lodging Resistant Responsive Tillering More
Large Panicle Size &
More No. of grain/Panicle
Semi-dwarf
variety
Pusa
Sugandh +
variety of
-
Grain Size Rice
elongation less
after cooking
High Preference for
self Consumption &
No separate Low Market Demand
Minimum Support
Weed
Price for specific
problem
variety
LOSSES TO FARMERS
KIs: Sh. Omprakashji, Sh. Subhash Yadav, Sh. Amar Singh and Sh. Digambar Singh

30. Time Line, time trend, DRD, Dap &
mobility map
Dr. Fateh Singh

31. Time line
• Historic profile
• By compiling the information by interviewing the elder villagers
(KIs)
• Gram Panchayat, school, pakka road, introduction of electricity,
tractor, agricultural mechanization, high yielding varieties and
hybrids, use of chemical fertilizers and health organizations for
human as well as animals

32. Time line Cont…….. Time line
Particulars Year
Village established 1880
1930
Primary school
1955
Gram Panchayat
Bore well 1958
Tractor 1960
Cultivator 1960
Electricity 1965
Secondary school 1975

33. Motor cycle 1975
Car 1975
Seed drill 1976
Chemical Fertilizer (DAP) 1979
Electric controlled bore well 1980
Hybrid varieties 1980
Television 1988
Pesticides 1988
Artificial insemination 1988
Hand pump 1988

34. Telephone 1994
Jaccha baccha kendra 1995
Veterinary dispensary 1998
Aganwadi 1999
LPG 1999
Mobile phone 2004
Electric generator 2007

35. Time line Cont……..
 To understand the change in demography, socio-economic
developments, communication, technology diffusion and adoption.
 Overall, the village has well developed time line in term of agriculture,
animal husbandry, social structure, education and modern updating.

36. Time Trend
Qualitative and quantitative changes
Productivity and price of major crops and milk productivity of
the village were considered for time trend analysis
The KIs representing small, medium and large farmer groups
were interviewed for collecting the information

37. Time trend of Productivity
Time Trend of Wheat productivity Time trend of mustard productivity
30 11
10
25
Yield (Qt/Acre)
Yield (Qt/Acre)
9
20 8
7
15
6
10 5
4
5 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2007 2008
years
Years
Time Trend of Paddy Productivity
30
Yield (Qt/Acre
25
20
15
10
5
0
1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008
Years

38. Time trend of price
Time trend of paddy price Time trend of wheat price
1800 1200
1600
1000
1400
Price (Rs/qt)
1200 800
1000
Price (Rs/qt)
600
800
600 400
400
200
200
0 0
Year
1970 1980 1990 Year 2000 2008 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004 2006 2008

39. Time trend of milk productivity
Time trend of buffalo milk productivity
16
15
14
(lit/day/animal)
13
Milk yield
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
1970 1980 1990 2000 2008
Year
Time trend of cattle milk productivity
Milk yield (lit/day/animal)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2008
Year

40. Time trend of animal population
Time trend of animal population
Buffalo Cattle Others
90
80
Percent population
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1970 1980 1990Year 2000 2008

41. Daily activity profile (DAP)
DAP may vary as per status of farmers like large,
medium and small farmers, and as per time or
seasonal calendar
In village, Karab, no much difference in DAP
Some difference in DAP of large and small farmers

42. DAP Cont……
 Work distribution between male and female of a family
 Animal husbandry work by females
 No child labour

43. DAP & DRD of male
Time Activities at
Home Field Outside
6.00 am Getup - -
7.00 Care of children
8.00 Breakfast and plan
for work
9.00 - Irrigation or Occasionally go
harvesting of crops at near local place
10.00
for example wheat when need for
11.00 and mustard daily house hold
presently or agriculture
12.00
activities
1.00 pm Lunch
2.00 Do rest of work as -
above
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00 Come back at -
home
7.00 Care of children
8.00 Gossiping with
friends
9.00
10.00 Dinner
11.00 pm & onward Sleep

44. DAP & DRD of Female
Time Activities at
Home Field Outside
5.00 am Getup, feeding, - -
watering of animals
6.00 Milking and
making dung cake
7.00 Care of children
8.00 Breakfast
9.00 Occasionally go at
10.00 Making lunch near local place
11.00 with husband
12.00 - Carrying lunch for
1.00 pm husband at field
2.00 Field work with
3.00 husband -
4.00 Collecting fodder
5.00 for animals
6.00 Come back home,
feeding and
watering of animals
7.00 Care of children
8.00 Make dinner
9.00
10.00
11.00 pm & onward Sleep

45. Mobility map
 It emphasizes activity wise significance of places
 To identify the places visited by rural people for their
various purposes
 Also includes mode of transport, time taken to reach and
expenditure incurred

46. Mobility Map:
Raya
Baldev 9.0 Km
8 km
Mahaban
Mahavan
16 km Village- Karab
Mode of transport-
Bus, Tractor, Jugad, Jeep,
Motor cycle, Bicycle
Mathura
Fertilizers
20 Km Seeds and pesticides
Sale of produce
Marketing
KIs: Higher education
Mr. Vijendra Advance health facilities
Mr. Chhattra pal Govt. schemes or plan
Mr. Maharaj Singh or land record
Religious norms

47. Mobility of the farmer, village Karab
Destination Distance Mode of Fare Purpose
(Km) transport** (Rs.)
Baldev 8.0 Bi, Mo, Ju, Je, 5.00 Fertilizers, Marketing, Religious
Tr, and Bu
Raya 9.0 Bi, Mo, Ju, Je, 8.00 Fertilizers, Seeds and pesticides,
Tr, and Bu Marketing, Govt. schemes or plan
Mahavan 16.0 Bi, Mo, Ju, Je, 12.00 Fertilizers, Seeds and pesticides,
Tr, and Bu Govt. schemes or plan
Mathura 20.0 Bi, Mo, Ju, Je, 15.00 Fertilizers, Seeds and pesticides,
Tr, and Bu sale of produce, Marketing, higher
education, advance health facilities,
land record, Religious
** Bi=Bicycle, Mo=Motorcycle, Ju=Jugad, Je=Jeep, Tr=Tractor and Bu=Bus

48. Seasonal calendar (gender
wise activity), seasonal
analysis (problem), ITKs & Bio-
resource flow diagram
Nirmal Kumar

49. Seasonal Calendar (Gender wise Activity for Large and
Medium Farmers )
Item Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Rice S, FP T I F, I, W I, W H
Jwar FP, S H H H H
Cotton S P P P P
Wheat I, F I H, TH FP S I
Mustard I, F I H, TH FP S I
Potato Eth H S I, F
Berseem H H H S I
Saunf H S
Brinjal T P P P S
Chick pea H S I,W
SF, HC, M
livestock
FG, AI
Ai: Artificial insemination, F: Fertilization, FG: Free Grazing, FP: Key Informants:
Field preparation, H: Harvesting, HC: Health care, Eth:
Om Prakash Work done by male
Padma Singh
earthing, I: Irrigation, M: Milking, P: Picking, S: Sowing, SF: Chhetrapal Singh Work done by female
Stall feeding, T: Transplanting, W: Weeding Chhagan Prasad Work done by both

51. Seasonal Calendar (Gender wise Activity for Small
Farmers )
Item Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Rice S, FP T F, W W H
Jwar FP, S H H H H
Wheat I, F I H, TH FP S I
Mustard I, F I H, TH FP S I
Potato Eth H S I, F
Berseem H H H S I
Brinjal T P P P S
Chick pea H S I,W
SF, HC, M
livestock
FG, AI
Ai: Artificial insemination, F: Fertilization, FG: Free Grazing, FP: Field Key Informants: Work done by male
preparation, H: Harvesting, HC: Health care, Eth: earthing, I: Om Prakash
Padma Singh Work done by female
Irrigation, M: Milking, P: Picking, S: Sowing, SF: Stall feeding, T:
Chhetrapal Singh Work done by both
Transplanting, W: Weeding Chhagan Prasad

52. WOMEN at work

53. Seasonal Calendar (Problem)
Item Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Weed, water scarcity, gundhi
Rice Seed labour
bug, neelgai
PM, CA, WO,
Wheat PM, CA, WO, Neelgai
Neelgai
Frost
Mustard Aphid Aphid frost
Aphid
Potato EB, LB M, St EB, LB
Brinjal SB FB SB
Frost, Frost,
Chick pea FB
wilt wilt
FMD, HS, BQ,
Cattle FMD
Sarra
Summer stress, repeat
Buffalo
breeding, silent heat
Paultry Ranikhet, ILT, IBR
PM: Phaleris minor, CA: Chenopodium album, WO: Wild
, , ,
oat EB: Early blight LB: late blight M: Marketing St: ,
, , ,
Storage SB: Stem borer FB: fruit borer FMD: Foot & Mouth Key Informants:
Om Prakash
disease, HS: Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, BQ: Black Padma Singh
Chhetrapal Singh
quarter, ILT: Infectious laryngotracheitis, IBR: infectious Bursal Chhagan Prasad
disease

55. ITKs
S. No. Crop/Enterprise ITK Practiced Purpose of ITK
1 Animals Use of camphor, lime and tobacco mixture to heal wounds Healing of wounds
2 Various crops In situ sowing of mustard in furrows in conserved rain To avoid brackish
water. problem (effect on
germination)
3 Cotton De-linting of cotton seeds by cow dung De-linting
4 Various crops Use of neem seeds, tobacco & mint to control insects and Control of insects and
pests pests
5 Various seeds Use of 10-15 g heing in container of storage to prevent Prevention of seed from
attack of insects pest during storage
6 Various seeds Use of neem leaves, ash, calcium and salts in storage of Prevention of seed from
grain pest during storage
7 Vegetables Top dressing of the ash at the seedling stage as well as on Minimize the insect
crop in vegetables when the top of the plant attacked by attack in vegetables
insects.
8 Vegetables Mustard rows are sown in the field of cauliflower, cabbage To avoid aphid attack in
and radish these crops
9 Mustard Treatment of mustard seeds with 10-15 g of garlic juice To prevent stem rot in
mustard
10 Chillies Spraying of crop with a mixture of whey and water in ratio To control leaf curl
of 1:3
Key Informants: Om Prakash, Padma Singh, Chhetrapal Singh, Chhagan Prasad, Vikram Singh, Lakhan Singh, Lekh Pal, Dr. Y. K. Sharma

56. ITKs (contd…..)
S. No. Crop/Enterprise ITK Practiced Purpose of ITK
11 Various crops Spraying of crops with 12.5 g bran + 1 lt. kerosene oil. To control stem borer
12 Paddy Spraying of mixture of 1 kg extracted material of garlic, 200 g To control gundhi bug
leaves of desi tobacco, 250 g castic soda in 150 lt. water in one
acre.
13 Pulses Seed treatment of gram, pea, masoor, and arhar with 20-30 g To control wilt
heing
14 Mustard Cultivation of few rows of marigold with mustard crop To control aphid
15 Various crops Neelgai dung (50 kg) + 2 kg garlic + 5-7 kg neem leaves + 25 kg To keep neelgai away
fine sand. Make it 200kg by adding water. Stir the whole from the crops
material well to make it slurry like solution and spray it from
border to 3 meter on crop with the help of bruise.
16 Various crops Dig 4 pits of 1*1*1 size on four corners of the field. Fill them with To control termite
dung and add some jaggery on each of them. After 15 days
sprinkle 50-100 gm kerosene oil and lit it with match/fire.
17 Human Haldi paste Wound and injury
healing
18 Human Mustered oil Injury and ear pain
19 Human Neem leaves Control chicken pox
20 Human Neem tree bark Abscess wound
Key Informants: Om Prakash, Padma Singh, Chhetrapal Singh, Chhagan Prasad ,Vikram Singh, Lakhan Singh, Lekh Pal, Dr. Y. K. Sharma

57. ITKs (contd…..)
S. No. Crop/Enterprise ITK Practiced Purpose of ITK
21 Human Babool leaves Skin sloughing
22 Human Castor oil Constipation
23 Human Pudina + onion Vomition
24 Human Amaltas pulp Digestive problem
25 Human Tulsi leaves Common cold, cough
26 Human Radish leaves Deworming
27 Human Garlic Cough
28 Human Ajwain + ginger Common cold, cough
29 Human Palak, radish Jaundice
30 Human Anar + jamun leaves Diarrhea
31 Animals Methi seeds Increase milk
production
Key Informants: Om Prakash, Padma Singh, Chhetrapal Singh, Chhagan Prasad, Vikram Singh, Lakhan Singh, Lekh Pal, Dr. Y. K. Sharma

58. Bio-resource Flow Diagram
Key Informants:
Om Prakash
Padma Singh
Chhetrapal Singh
Chhagan Prasad

59. Wealth ranking, livelihood
analysis & Venn diagram
Dr. Sushil kumar

60. WEALTH RANKING
Wealth ranking is an analytical exercise carried out with the
help of local key informants based on their own criteria.
OBJECTIVES
• To investigate perception of wealth differences
and inequalities in community,
• To discover local indicators and criteria for
wealth ranking and well-being and
• To establish the relative positions of households

61. CRITERIA OF WEALTH RANKING
Sh. Balbir Singh, Sh. Mangelal, Sh. Tara Singh, Sh. Kanhaiya Lal and Sh. Beni Rai
Category Value Criteria
allotted
Rich 100 More than 10 Acre of land, Pakka House, Car, Tractor,
Motor cycle, Thresher, TV, Refrigerator, DTH,
Cellphone, Pump set, More than 5 Buffaloes, One
person in government service
Medium 75 2-10 Acre of land, Pakka House, may be having
Tractor, Motor cycle, Thresher, TV, DTH, Cellphone,
Pump set, 2-4 Buffaloes, some complementary source
of income, viz., shop
Poor 50 Less than 2 Acre of land, Kaccha house, 1-2 buffalo,
rear sheep and goat
Very 25 Landless labours, rear pig and poultry
Poor

62. Wealth Ranking Formula
Si = ( n+1- Ci ) / n x 100
• Si = Score of household as per KI
• n = Total no of categories
• Ci = Category of household given by KI
(Maximum – Minimum)
Correction Factor= Number of Category
= (100-25)/4 = 18.5
Catgory Class Interval
Rich (R) 80.5 - 100.0
Medium (M) 62.0 - 80.5
Poor (P) 43.5 - 62.0
Very Poor (VP) 25.0 - 43.5

63. ECONOMIC CATEGORIES OF HOUSEHOLD
15% 13%
Rich
26% Medium
46% Poor
Very Poor

64. Livelihood Analysis
• Livelihood analysis is an analytical tool
of exploring and obtaining information
on behaviour and decision regarding the
income and expenditure of the villagers.
KIs:
Sh. Babulal,
Sh. Bacchu Singh,
Sh. Prem Singh,
Sh. Chatur Singh,

65. SOURCE OF INCOME FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES
Rich Farmer
10%
Agriculture
25%
Livestock
65%
Services
EXPENDITURE BY FARMERS
Food
10% 20% Livestock
10%
Vehicle
10% Cloth
5% Education
30%
5%
10% Agriculture
health
Miscellaneous

66. MIDDLE FARMERS
INCOME
10%
15%
Agriculture
75%
Livestock
Services
EXPENDITURE
%
Food
11 20
8 Livestock
Vehicle
10
Cloth
35 5 Education
7 Agriculture
4
health
Miscellaneous

67. POOR
INCOME
35%
50% Agriculture
Livestock
Wages
15%
EXPENDITURE
%
3
8
Food
20 Livestock
50
Cloth
Education
7 Agriculture
8 health
4
Miscellaneous

68. VERY POOR
2
INCOME
5
Agriculture
Livestock
Wages
93
31 2 4
EXPENDITURE 5
5 Food
Livestock
Cloth
Education
Agriculture
80
health
Miscellaneous

69. Venn diagram
(KIs: Sh. Tara Singh, Sh. Roop Chandra, Sh. Suresh Pradhan, Sh. Chhatarpal Singh)
VENN DIAGRAM PERTAINING TO CULTIVATION OF HIGH YIELDING VARIETIES (PUSA BASMATI-1,
PUSA SUGANDH-2, 3, 4, 5) & HYBRID (PRH-10) IN RICE
CSAUAT
NDUAT, Faizabad
IARI, New Delhi Kanpur
Rice Processing
Mill State Agriculture
Agra KVK, DUVASU, Mathura Department, Mathura
Fertilizer Co-
operatives
Mathura
OBC, Karab
Agriculture Co-
KRBL,
operative, Kara
New Delhi
b
FCI, KARAB VILLAGE,
Mathura
RAYA, MATHURA
NSC
Mathura

70. Problem Identification, Ranking
& Solution
Kundan Kumar

71. Problem Identification and Ranking
•Identified 30 farmers through 'snow ball' technique.
•Given 10 main problems as follows:
1. Weed of wheat
2. Water scarcity
3. Yield reduction of crops
4. Diseases in cattle and buffalo
5. Late blight of potato
6. Low Productivity in cattle and buffalo
7. Unavailability of agri. Inputs on time
8. Smut of rice
9. Saline water
10. Poor marketing & storage

72. Problem identification
Problems
S. No. Name of the farmer
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
1 OM PRAKASH 4 3 1 7 5 9 2 8 6 10
2 PADMA SINGH 2 3 1 6 5 7 4 10 9 8
3 DHARAMVEER SINGH 5 2 1 9 8 4 3 7 6 10
4 TULSI RAM 4 3 1 5 7 9 2 8 6 10
5 RAVENDRA SINGH 6 1 2 9 8 5 4 7 3 10
6 KESHAR SINGH 2 3 1 6 5 7 4 10 9 8
7 SURESH KUMAR 5 2 1 9 8 4 3 7 6 10
8 CHHIDDI SINGH 4 1 3 5 10 6 2 9 8 7
9 DHANESH SINGH 4 3 1 5 7 9 2 6 8 10
10 CHHETRAPAL SINGH 6 1 2 9 8 5 4 7 3 10
11 GANGVEER SINGH 2 3 1 6 5 7 4 10 9 8
12 HARENDRA SINGH 2 4 1 6 5 7 3 10 9 8
13 DIGAMBAR SINGH 5 2 1 9 8 4 3 7 6 10
14 PAMMU DAYAL 4 3 1 5 10 6 9 2 8 7
15 RAM SINGH 5 3 4 6 10 8 2 1 7 9
16 MANGAL SINGH 2 7 1 4 5 3 6 10 9 8
17 SANJAY SINGH 5 2 1 9 8 4 3 7 6 10
18 KAMTA PRASAD 4 3 1 5 7 9 2 10 8 6
19 TEJPAL 6 1 2 9 8 5 4 7 3 10
20 KETIRAMAN 2 3 1 6 5 7 4 10 9 8
21 JWALA YADAV 5 2 1 9 8 4 3 7 6 10
22 RISHIPAL 4 1 3 5 9 6 2 10 8 7
23 HUSHIYAR SINGH 4 5 1 3 8 9 2 6 7 10
24 SUBHAS YADAV 6 1 2 9 8 5 4 7 3 10
25 KRISHNA KANT 2 3 1 6 5 4 7 10 9 8
26 BABU LAL 2 3 1 6 5 7 4 10 9 8
27 PAPPU SINGH 5 2 1 9 8 4 3 7 6 10
28 RANJAN PRASAD 4 2 1 5 10 6 3 9 8 7
29 GANGADHAR 4 3 1 5 7 9 2 6 8 10
30 SATYA PAL 1 5 3 6 2 4 9 8 7 10

73. Frequency table
Sl. Rank
Name of the problem
No. I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
1 Weed of wheat 1 8 - 10 7 4 - - - -
2 Water scarcity 6 7 13 1 2 - 1 - - -
3 Yield reduction of crops 22 4 3 1 - - - - - -
4 Diseases in cattle and buffalo - - 1 1 8 9 1 - 10 -
5 Late blight of potato - 1 - - 9 - 4 11 1 4
6 Low Productivity in cattle and buffalo - 9 8 9 - 1 1 - 2 -
7 Unavailability of agri. Inputs on time 1 1 - - - 3 10 3 2 10
8 Smut of rice - - 4 - - 7 3 8 8 -
9 Saline water - - 1 8 4 4 6 1 6 -
10 Poor marketing & storage - - - - - 1 4 8 1 16

74. 1. Farmers were also asked to rank these 10
problems according to their importance.
2. Rank based quotient (RBQ) was calculated and
topmost researchable problem was identified.
n
∑ f( i n + 1 − i)
RBQ = i =1
× 100
N×n
i= concerned rank (1-10)
N= Total no farmers (30)
n= no of ranks (10)
fi= number of farmers reporting that particular problem under ith rank

75. Rank Baaed Quotient (RBQ) of Problems
SI. No. Name of Problems RBQ Rank
1 Weed of wheat 71.2 4
2 Water scarcity 83.2 2
3 Yield reduction of crops 95.6 1
4 Diseases in cattle and buffalo 43.8 6
5 Late blight of potato 39.2 8
6 Low Productivity in cattle and buffalo 73.5 3
7 Unavailability of agri. Inputs on time 29.2 9
8 Smut of rice 39.9 7
9 Saline water 48.8 5
10 Poor marketing & storage 20.8 10

78. VILLAGE SEMINAR

79. INSTITUTE SEMINAR

81. National Research Centre on Rapeseed and Mustard
Objectives
 Collection, conservation, evaluation and
cataloguing of rapeseed-mustard germplasm.
 Development of varieties of high yield, quality
and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses
through conventional and biotechnological
approaches.
 Development of agro techniques for increasing
production and productivity of rapeseed-
mustard.
 Integrated pest and disease management.
 Socio-economic aspects of
cultivation, marketing and information
dissemination in rapeseed-mustard
 Development of application software for
rapeseed-mustard information management

82. Interaction with scientists of NRCRM

84. SEED PROCESSING UNIT, CHHATA

85. 7. Sealing
1.Precleaning 5. Filling
6. Weighing
3. Gravity 4. Insecticide
2. Grading Separator treatment

86. Krishna Cold Storage, for Mushroom Cultivation

87. Preparation of compost for Mushroom

88. Cultivation & Packaging of Mushroom

89. Dainik Jaagran, Dated 5th April, 2009

90. Conclusion
 Fruit of GREEN REVOLUTION, farmers are prosperous
 Farmers have shifted towards cultivation of Aromatic rice (PB-1, Pusa Sugandh-
2,3,4 & 5, Basmati-370 and PRH-10)
 Adoption of CONTRACT FARMING now-a-days due to its proximity to Delhi
 Diffusion of agro-technology is faster and farmers are progressive
Constraints
 Due to INTENSIVE FARMING, Economical and Ecological Sustainability is in
danger
 Increased soil salinity and continuous depletion of water table
Suggestions
 Crop diversification and judicious use of fertilizers (IPNM)
 Agro-forestry based cropping system
 Water Harvesting and Recharge of soil acquifers during rainy season
 Cultivation of Aonla, Bael and Ber
 Provision of MICROFINANCE to women for self-employment through NGO ,SHG
formation and linkage with Bank

91. Thank You