The document provides guidance on using effective dialogue in creative writing. It discusses using dialogue to show character, advance the story, and create subtext through implied meaning beyond what is literally said. Specific details, natural formatting, and avoiding unnecessary tags are emphasized to make dialogue believable and engaging for readers.

1. DIALOGUE
Week 3 Creative Writing

2. DIALOGUE
In fiction, human
dialogue attempts to
marry logic to emotion

3. Types of Dialogue
SUMMARY: Can be part of the narrative, so that
much of the conversation is condensed.
Eg: After sending in his resignation, Toby was
finally able to discuss with Marge how to
implement their retirement plan: where they
would go, what they would see, what they would
eat, and most importantly, how to avoid other
people exactly like themselves.

4. Types of Dialogue
INDIRECT SPEECH: Reported in the third person so
that there is a feel of an exchange, but without
quotation marks.
Eg:
Has she made breakfast yet? He had been
waiting since she woke up, for her to make the breakfast.
It had been her idea, her offer.
Ah, he knew it, no, she hasn’t. Yes, he was still
waiting, and will keep waiting, and not do anything else,
until he’d been fed. He was a human being, not the cat
and dog roaming around the house aimlessly with
nothing to live for but exist for the sake of the ecosystem.
If she were more into human beings than four-legged
beings she would’ve remembered his breakfast.

5. TYPES OF DIALOGUE
DIRECT SPEECH/QUOTATION: Good for illustrating dramatic
action – possibility of discovery/decision.
Eg: “But I thought you hardly knew her, Mr. Morning.”
He picked up a pencil and began to doodle on a notebook
page. “Did I tell you that?”
“Yes, you did.”
“It’s true. I didn’t know her well.”
“What is it you’re after, then? Who was this person you’re
investigating?”
“I would like to know that, too.”
- Siri Hustvedt, Mr. Morning

6. TYPES OF DIALOGUE
You can combine all three, take advantage of what
effect they have in the text, make your narrative more
interesting, varied, fruitful.
Eg:
They differed on the issue of the holiday, and
couldn’t seem to find a common ground. (Summary). She
had an idea: why not some Caribbean island over
Christmas? Well, but his mother expected them for
turkey. (Indirect).
“Oh, lord, yes, I wouldn’t want to go without a
yuletide gizzard.” (Direct).

7. WHAT IS GOOD
DIALOGUE?
“There is a tentative rule that pertains to all fiction
dialogue. It must do more than one thing at a
time or it is too inert for the purposes of fiction.
This may sound harsh, but I consider it an
essential discipline.” – William Sloane, The Craft
of Writing.
NOTE: The idea is to make dialogue mean
MORE than what is actually being said.

8. WHAT IS GOOD
DIALOGUE?
Therefore dialogue in fiction is NOT merely transcribed
speech
It is DISTILLED speech – the filler, the small talk, the little
bits and pieces are edited away, and the real conversation
remains.
“You don’t simply copy what you heard on the street, you
want to make it sound natural, but that doesn’t mean it is
natural. It takes careful editing to create natural-sounding
dialogue. Generally, that means keeping things brief, and
paying attention to the rhythm of the sentences. Sentences
are short. They’re not particularly grammatically correct, but
rather quirky and characteristic of the speaker” – Alice
LaPlante.
Take out the written conversation from before, and distill it

9. WHAT CAN DIALOGUE
DO?
SHOW CHARACTER.
“It is indeed a pleasure to meet you.”
“Hey, man, what’s up?”
Same purpose – regular greeting.
Same people?

10. What dialogue can do
CHARACTER in dialogue – through VOICE.
Using particular diction (choice of words), or syntax
(word order in sentence) can tell things like class,
period, ethnicity, etc.
Eg: “I had a female cousin one time – a Rockefeller,
as it happened-” said the Senator, “and she
confessed to me that she spent the fifteenth,
sixteenth and seventeenth years of life saying nothing
but, No, thank you. Which is all very well for a girl of
that age and station. But it would’ve been a damned
unattractive trait in a male Rockefeller”
Kurt Vonnegut, God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater.

11. What Dialogue Can Do
Eg: The Knight looked surprised at the question.
“What does it matter where my body happens to
be?” he said. “My mind goes on working all the
same. In fact, the more head downward I am, the
more I keep inventing new things. “Now, the
cleverest thing of the sort that I ever did,” he
went on after a pause, “was inventing a new
pudding during the meat course.”
Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking Glass

12. What Dialogue Can Do
Eg: As soon as I arriving London, I look around the sky
but no any fogs. “Excuse me, where I seeing the fogs?” I
ask policeman in street.
“Sorry?” he says.
“I waiting two days already, but no fogs,” I say.
He just look at me, he must no understanding of my
English.
- Xiaolu Guo, Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers

13. What else can dialogue
do?
Set the scene in a narrative.
Eg: “I have a lousy trip to Phildelphia, lousy flight
back, I watch my own plane blow a tire on
closed-circuit TV, I go to my office, I find Suzy in
tears because Warren’s camped in her one-room
apartment. I come home and I find my wife hasn’t
gotten dressed in two days.” – Joan Didion, Book
of Common Prayer.

14. What else can Dialogue
do?
Advance action in a narrative – move the story
forward.
Change the relationship between one character
and another, increase drama.
When dialogue itself becomes the means of
telling the story.

15. Dialogue as Action
Eg: Mother of seriously ill toddler looks to radiologist, anxious for information:
“The surgeon will speak to you,” says the Radiologist.
“Are you finding something?”
“The surgeon will speak to you,” the Radiologist says again. “There seems
to be something there, but the surgeon will talk to you about it.”
“My uncle once had something on his kidney,” says the Mother. “So they
removed the kidney and it turned out the something was benign.”
The Radiologist smiles a broad, ominous smile. “That’s always the way it
is,” he says. “You don’t know exactly what it is until it’s in the bucket.”
“In the bucket,” the Mother repeats.
“That’s doctor talk,” the Radiologist says.
“It’s very appealing,” says the Mother. “It’s a very appealing way to talk.”
- Lorrie Moore, People Like That Are the Only People Here.

16. Dialogue As Action
Does the Mother feel differently about the
Radiologist after the conversation? Is there a
movement between how she was talking to him
at beginning of passage, and how she was
talking at the end?
What has happened? How will the Mother react
now? Will she now make different choices, take
different action?
Something has altered in the story – minor, but it
has.

17. SUBTEXT in DIALOGUE
Dialogue meaning more than one thing –
meaning more than what is said.
Sometimes great meaning can be found in what
is NOT said.
‘Reading between the lines’ – extra, important
parts of the story that’s in the silences around the
dialogue – is SUBTEXT.

18. SUBTEXT in Dialogue
Reflects life – people, when emotional, seldom
express it as it is. “I am happy,” “I feel sad”, “I am
angry”.
Does not sound realistic.
People often say something else, but mean
these things. The emotion is shown, not told.
Love scene – narrative tension – less when
couples immediately say I love you. More when
they know it, but talk about the weather, their
friends, their homework.

19. SUBTEXT in Dialogue
The purpose of human exchange is to conceal as
well as to reveal – to impress, hurt, protect,
seduce, reject.
A line of dialogue should always leave the sense
that more could have been said – Anton Chekov.
People may or may not say what they mean, but
always say something designed to get what they
want – David Mamet (playwright).

20. SUBTEXT in DIALOGUE
Eg: Daughter of a doctor, who died recently, takes a phone call. The
doctor used to perform illegal abortions. (Alice Munro, Before the
Change)
A woman on the phone wants to speak to the doctor.
“I’m sorry. He’s dead.”
“Dr. Strachan. Have I got the right doctor?”
“Yes but I’m sorry, he’s dead.”
“Is there anyone – does he by any chance have a partner I could talk
to? Is there anybody else there?”
“No. No partner.”
“Could you give me any other number I could call? Isn’t there some
other doctor that can-”
“No. I haven’t any number. There isn’t anybody that I know of.”
“You must know what this is about. It’s very crucial. There are very
special circumstances-”
“I’m sorry.”

21. SUBTEXT as DIALOGUE
The thing not mentioned? Subtext?
Abortion.
Not wordy/eloquent, simple exchange, but good
dramatic action – for both daughter and caller, things
are tense, stakes are high. Both are emotionally
involved but for different reasons.
PLENTY of subtext in good fiction –
“There is seven-eighths of it under water for every
part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate
and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that
doesn’t show” – Ernest Hemingway.

22. SPECIFICITY in
DIALOGUE
Remember specific details vs generic details?
Showing vs Telling – showing, with specific details, is
far more interesting, more emotionally engaging.
Eg: “It’s perfectly clear from all his actions that he
adores me and would do anything for me”
OR: “I had my hands all covered with clay slick, and
he just reached over to lift a lock of hair out of my
eyes and tuck it behind my ear.”
Which do you believe is more loved?

23. SPECIFICITY in DIALOGUE
Information conveyed naturally in dialogue, if emphasis is on
human emotion.
Information (telling): “My brother is due to arrive at midafternoon and
is bringing his four children with him”
BUT: “That idiot brother of mine thinks he can walk in the middle of
the afternoon and plunk his four kids on my lap!”
Same info, emphasis on emotion – reveal character, draws in
reader.
Also: “I can’t wait till my brother gets here at three! You’ll see – those
are the four sweetest kids this side of the planet”
Also same info, emphasis on different emotion – different character,
story going a different way.
Exercise – homework – take information in dialogue you’ve heard
and rewrite it with different emotions – anger, disgust, wonder,
sadness, curiosity, jealousy.

24. DIALOGUE FORMAT and
STYLE
HAS to be invisible. Don’t draw attention to it.
What a character SAYS has to be in quotation marks.
Thoughts, NO.
Begin each line of dialogue on a new paragraph.
Helps to orient reader as to who is speaking,
especially when there’s a dialogue scene with a lot of
information being passed on.
Punctuation: always inside quotation marks.
Eg: “I wish I’d taken the picture.”
NOT – “I wish I’d taken the picture”.

25. DIALOGUE FORMAT and
STYLE
Dialogue tag – tells us who has spoken.
Russell said, Connie said.
Always use comma at the end of it, even if line of dialogue
sounds like a full sentence.
“I can drive,” said Tina.
‘Tag’ – means for identification, so ‘said’ is enough. For modern
fiction purposes, don’t use anything else, and don’t add
adverbs to it.
She gasped, he laughed, they snorted, he exclaimed. NO
He said quickly, she laughed loudly, they said forcefully, he told
animatedly. Also, NO