NORAD presents: The #1 reason general aviation are intercepted and how to avoid it.
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NORAD presents: The #1 reason general aviation are intercepted and how to avoid it.
- 1. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 1 North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) Fly Smart, We’re Watching This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED April 2013
- 2. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 2 Civil Aviation Training • Scenario: – Beautiful sunny day Click to play video clip
- 3. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 3 Education • This training will educate pilots on: – NORAD Operations – Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) – Preflight planning to avoid TFRs – Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) procedures – What to do if you are intercepted Aviation Security impacts every airman that operates within the National Airspace System
- 4. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 4 • AOPA member since 1988 • US Air Force fighter pilot • NBAA member since 2008 – G200 at KAPA • NORAD Reservist Lt Col Kevin “Big Jim” Roethe
- 5. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 5 • North American Aerospace Defense Command – Bi-National Command • USA and Canada – Established in 1958 – HQ at Peterson AFB, CO – What is NORAD’s mission? NORAD Mission
- 7. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 7 If Santa violates a TFR… NORAD Mission
- 8. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 8 1) Aerospace Warning 2) Aerospace Control 3) Maritime Warning Aerospace Control: Respond to unauthorized air activity approaching or operating within North American airspace NORAD Mission
- 9. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 9 NORAD Mission – Cold War and Pre-9/11 B44 B45 B46 B90 B92 A12 A11 J60 J75J76J77 J79 J78 J80 J81 J82 J83 J34 J33 J32 J31 J30 J29 J28 J27 J26 J25 J16 J15J14J13J12J11J10 J09 J06 J05 J04 J03 J02 J01 J50 J51 J52J56 J55 J62 J58 J53 J54 R51 R52 R54 NL0 NK0 NJ0 N H 0 NG0 NF0NE0ND0NCO NB0 NA0 A21 A19 A17A15A13 A10 A09 A08 A07 A06 A05 A04 A03 A02 A01 R02 CANR CONR ANR B40 B41 B42 CE NEADS SEADS WADS CW A14 B43 Adak CMOC Bangor
- 10. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 10 NORAD Mission – Post-9/11 and Today B44 B45 B46 B90 B92 A12 A11 J60 J75J76J77 J79 J78 J80 J81 J82 J83 J34 J33 J32 J31 J30 J29 J28 J27 J26 J25 J16 J15J14J13J12J11J10 J09 J06 J05 J04 J03 J02 J01 J50 J51 J52J56 J55 J62 J58 J53 J54 R51 R52 R54 NL0 NK0 NJ0 N H 0 NG0 NF0NE0ND0NCO NB0 NA0 A21 A19 A17A15A13 A10 A09 A08 A07 A06 A05 A04 A03 A02 A01 R02 CANR CONR ANR B40 B41 B42 CE NEADS SEADS WADS CW A14 B43 Adak CMOC Bangor Cavalier
- 11. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 11 We need your help • Fighter aircraft involved 300+ times/yr (scramble, runway alert, etc) • Expends valuable military resources • Diverts attention from real threats • Risks a deadly mistake – possible use of deadly force Why Do You Care?
- 12. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 12 • Event isn’t over when you clear restricted airspace • Law Enforcement and FAA take over • Unauthorized TFR / ADIZ penetration can result in: – FAA Pilot Deviation and/or loss/suspension of Pilot License – Fine and/or jail time – Putting you and your passengers in unsafe situation Why Do You Care?
- 13. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED • Unauthorized Entry: • National Security related TFR • Wash DC Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA) • Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) boundary • Potential Threat to Civil Aviation – FAA or Airline request - Not in Radio Communication with Air Traffic Control - Off Flight Plan - Deviation from flight rules - Passenger on No-fly list - In-flight disturbance - Deviation from assigned IFF Squawk (i.e. 7500) • Request from Federal Agency – i.e. CBP, TSA, FBI, etc 13 When Does NORAD Intercept?
- 14. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 14 Who Does NORAD Intercept? • Pilots just like you! - Obama golf trip • 78% of TFR violations are General Aviation pilots • Most common causes – Pilot error – incomplete preflight planning – Navigation or communications failures
- 15. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 15 – Presidential Travel * – Special Events * – Stadium – Disaster/Hazard – Airshow – Space flight Reasons For a TFR
- 16. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 18 Design • 30nm radius from DCA VOR • Surface to 18K’ Special Training Required for VFR flight w/in 60 NM Procedures • Two way radio comm • Discrete code • IFR/SFRA flight plan • Airspeed restriction Washington DC Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA)
- 17. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 19 Camp David • Prohibited area P-40 – 3nm radius – 24 / 7 / 365 • When President present – 10nm radius TFR
- 18. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 20 Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) • Procedure – Gulf of Mexico – Bahamas corridor • Procedures – File IFR or DVFR flight plan – 2 way radio contact – Discrete code – Advise ATC of penetration 15 min prior
- 19. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 21 Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) • File IFR or DVFR flight plan • Activate flight plan – Nassau or Miami FSS • Contact Miami Center – Provide ETA for ADIZ pen – Obtain discrete trans code • 15 min from ADIZ? – 25nm if 100kts – 45nm if 180kts
- 20. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 22 How To Avoid Being Intercepted
- 21. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 23 How To Avoid Being Intercepted
- 22. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 24 How To Avoid Being Intercepted
- 23. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 25 Thorough Flight Planning • Get route brief at 1-800-WX-BRIEF – Weather – NOTAMs – Ask about TFRs! How To Avoid TFRs
- 24. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 26 Check online: • tfr.faa.gov • Twitter: @VIP_TFR • NBAA or AOPA sites • Smart phone, iPad How To Avoid TFRs
- 29. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 32 • TFR format contains: – Location of TFR – Effective period – Defined area – Altitude restrictions – FAA facility and phone – Reason for TFR – Relief agency – Other appropriate info TFR Format
- 30. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 33 Review TFRs on Twitter! @VIP_TFR (VIP TFRs only) How To Avoid TFRs
- 31. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 34 NBAA website and email alerts How To Avoid TFRs
- 32. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 35 Use AOPA website and email alerts How To Avoid TFRs
- 33. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 36 Review NOTAMS: http://www.faa.gov/pilots/flt_plan/notams/ How To Avoid TFRs
- 34. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 37 Just checking NOTAMs doesn’t clearly show TFRs !DEN 04/028 (KDEN A3038/13) DEN RWY 17R/35L FICON SAFETY AREA RUTS E SHOULDER ABEAM TWY M10 WEF 1304021502-1304142359 !DEN 04/024 (KDEN A3036/13) DEN TWY F CLSD N OF TWY F7 WEF 1304021800-1304022100 !DEN 04/023 (KDEN A3035/13) DEN RWY 16L/34R CLSD WEF 1304021800-1304022100 !DEN 04/022 (KDEN A3034/13) DEN SVC TERMINAL AREA RADAR/SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR OTS WEF 1304050500-1304051100 !DEN 04/012 DEN AIRSPACE SEE FDC 3/8738 ZDV 91.141 WEF 1304031915-1304032245 !DEN 03/788 (KDEN A3013/13) DEN TWY CN SAFETY AREA RUTS N SHOULDER ABEAM TWY H WEF 1303301959-1304302359 !DEN 03/787 DEN AD BIRD ACTIVITY INCREASED FLOCKING WATERFOWL WEF 1303301844- 1306302359 !DEN 03/778 (KDEN A2994/13) DEN TWY ZS FICON RUTS ADJ SOUTH BTN TWY F, G WEF 1303291800-1304052359 !DEN 03/776 (KDEN A2992/13) DEN TWY F FICON RUTS ADJ EAST BTN TWY AN, BS WEF 1303291809-1304052359 !DEN 03/466 (KDEN A2540/13) DEN RWY 25 CLSD LNDG NIGHT WEF 1303182255-1305302359 !DEN 03/458 DEN OBST CRANE 5311 (150 AGL) 0.52 SW (39509N104440W) APCH END RWY 7 FLAGGED/LGTD WEF 1303181213-1305050600 !DEN 03/372 DEN OBST CRANE 5689 (323 AGL) 0.6 NE (395050N1044024W) APCH END RWY 25 FLAGGED/LGTD WEF 1303121822-1308120600 www.faa.gov/pilots/flt_plan/notams/
- 35. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 38 Just checking NOTAMs doesn’t clearly show TFRs !DEN 04/028 (KDEN A3038/13) DEN RWY 17R/35L FICON SAFETY AREA RUTS E SHOULDER ABEAM TWY M10 WEF 1304021502-1304142359 !DEN 04/024 (KDEN A3036/13) DEN TWY F CLSD N OF TWY F7 WEF 1304021800-1304022100 !DEN 04/023 (KDEN A3035/13) DEN RWY 16L/34R CLSD WEF 1304021800-1304022100 !DEN 04/022 (KDEN A3034/13) DEN SVC TERMINAL AREA RADAR/SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR OTS WEF 1304050500-1304051100 !DEN 04/012 DEN AIRSPACE SEE FDC 3/8738 ZDV 91.141 WEF 1304031915-1304032245 !DEN 03/788 (KDEN A3013/13) DEN TWY CN SAFETY AREA RUTS N SHOULDER ABEAM TWY H WEF 1303301959-1304302359 !DEN 03/787 DEN AD BIRD ACTIVITY INCREASED FLOCKING WATERFOWL WEF 1303301844- 1306302359 !DEN 03/778 (KDEN A2994/13) DEN TWY ZS FICON RUTS ADJ SOUTH BTN TWY F, G WEF 1303291800-1304052359 !DEN 03/776 (KDEN A2992/13) DEN TWY F FICON RUTS ADJ EAST BTN TWY AN, BS WEF 1303291809-1304052359 !DEN 03/466 (KDEN A2540/13) DEN RWY 25 CLSD LNDG NIGHT WEF 1303182255-1305302359 !DEN 03/458 DEN OBST CRANE 5311 (150 AGL) 0.52 SW (39509N104440W) APCH END RWY 7 FLAGGED/LGTD WEF 1303181213-1305050600 !DEN 03/372 DEN OBST CRANE 5689 (323 AGL) 0.6 NE (395050N1044024W) APCH END RWY 25 FLAGGED/LGTD WEF 1303121822-1308120600 www.faa.gov/pilots/flt_plan/notams/
- 36. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 39 Know applicable ATC frequencies How To Avoid TFRs • Charts – Sectional – Hi/Low • GPS database • FSS • Emergency – 121.5
- 37. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 40 Know lost communication procedures • 7500 – Hijack • 7600 – Lost Comm (radio failure) • 7700 – Emergency How To Avoid TFRs
- 38. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 41 Review lost communication procedures • 7500 – Hijack • 7600 – Lost Comm (radio failure) • 7700 – Emergency • 75 taken alive, 76 technical glitch, 77 going to heaven How To Avoid TFRs
- 39. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 42 Review lost communication procedures • 7500 – Hijack • 7600 – Lost Comm (radio failure) • 7700 – Emergency • 75 taken alive, 76 technical glitch, 77 going to heaven • Hi Jack, can’t talk now, I’m on fire How To Avoid TFRs
- 40. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 43 • File a flight plan – IFR, DVFR, SVFR, or VFR • Use current charts/sectionals • Update iPad and GPS database How To Avoid TFRs
- 41. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 44 DURING FLIGHT • Activate flight plan • Talk to ATC • Squawk assigned discrete transponder code • Monitor 121.5 on back-up radio • Get TFR updates from FSS How To Avoid TFRs
- 42. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 45 Review intercept procedures AIM 5-6-2: http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/ How To Avoid TFRs
- 43. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 46 Review Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) procedures if flying into U.S. from abroad: http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/ifim/airspace/ ADIZ Penetration
- 44. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 47 Review Washington D.C. Special Flight Area (SFRA) procedures if flying within 60 nm of KDCA: https://faasafety.gov/ Washington DC SFRA
- 45. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 48 • Training required to fly w/in 60nm • FAA Safety web site – www.faasafety.gov • 1-2 hours to complete Washington DC Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA)
- 46. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 49 Review Prohibited / Restricted / MOA airspace along route: www.seeandavoid.org How To Avoid Other Special Use Airspace
- 47. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 50 • Re-check for TFRs after that $100 hamburger • Departing VFR from airport in TFR’s outer circle – Call FSS and the ATC phone number before launch, possibly obtain squawk • Camping for a week, now flying home – Try ATC on the ground (cell phone, radio) – Try FSS on the ground (cell phone, radio – Call ATC/FSS once airborne How To Avoid TFRs - GOTCHAS
- 48. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 51 • If not flying a straight route, make sure FSS is aware of your planned route • iPads might not have updated times if TFR extends • Don’t cancel IFR and squawk 1200 in TFR How To Avoid TFRs - GOTCHAS
- 49. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 52 Phases Of An Intercept • Radio Calls • Scramble of Fighters • Intercept • Guide
- 50. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 53 • ATC will attempt radio contact for an aircraft of interest – Assigned ATC frequency – VHF and UHF Guard frequency (121.5 or 243.0) • Other methods – Corporate Operations (ACARS, cell phone, etc) – Other aircraft relay • Come up on frequency – Comply with ATC instructions Radio Contact Procedures
- 51. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED ALL aircraft operating in US national airspace are highly encouraged to maintain a listening watch on VHF/UHF Guard (121.5/243.0 Mhz). If subjected to military intercept, it is incumbent on civilian aviators to comply with ICAO standard signals relayed from the intercepting aircraft. Specifically, aviators are expected to contact air traffic control without delay (if able) on the local operating frequency or on VHF/UHF guard frequencies (121.5/243.5) Noncompliance may result in the use of force – Reference: FAA AIM 5-6-2 54 Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)
- 53. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 56 Interceptor scrambled ICAO Intercept Procedure – Intercept Aircraft – Approach from the stern – Two interceptors • see one – Left so PIC can see – Interceptor rocks wings • signal intercept – Safe separation is the responsibility of the Interceptor – Only get as close as necessary to complete the mission Click to play video clip
- 54. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 57 Canadian CF-18 NORAD Interceptor Aircraft USAF F-22 USAF F-16USAF F-15
- 55. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 58 – Remain predictable • Altitude, heading, airspeed – Don’t descend – Acknowledge Interceptor with wing rock – Talk to ATC – Acknowledge Interceptor on radio (121.5 or 243.0 MHz) ICAO Intercept Procedure – Intercepted Aircraft “This is the armed air defense fighter on your left wing, you are ordered to… turn to heading XXX immediately to exit restricted airspace.”
- 56. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 59 ICAO Intercept Procedure – Intercepted Aircraft Click to play video clip Post Intercept, “Follow me” Comply with Interceptor (visual or verbal) directions – Fighter will set direction/heading
- 57. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 60 ICAO Intercept Procedure – Intercepted Aircraft Post Intercept, Landing – TSA and FAA decide if you must land – FAA selects a suitable airfield Land where directed – Fighter will circle over head until you safely land
- 58. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 61 ICAO Intercept Procedure – Intercepted Aircraft Post Intercept, NO RADIO Interceptor Signals Meaning Fighter slow turn to desired heading FLY THIS WAY Fighter abrupt turn across nose to desired heading and may dispense flares WARNING: TURN NOW (DIRECTION OF FIGHTER) Fighter circles airport, lowers landing gear, overflies runway in direction of landing LAND HERE
- 59. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 62 …“If you do not follow these instructions, you may be fired upon.” Interceptor Procedure – Divert Click to play video clip • Interceptor may dispense flares directing immediate compliance is required • Failure to comply at this point is not recommended
- 60. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 63 Light signals ICAO Intercept Procedure – Night Interceptor signal Meaning Intercepted signal Meaning Flash nav Intercepted Flash nav lt Will comply Landing light Land here Landing light Will comply Flash land lt Airport inadequate All lights regular Can not comply All lights irregular Distress
- 61. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 64 Interceptor Procedure – Helicopter • Helicopter may approach from any azimuth • Close to inspect on your left or right side • Helicopter rocks to signal intercept
- 62. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 65 Interceptor Procedure – Helicopter Helicopter Signaling Device – Digital signboard on side of the helo – Comply with directions
- 63. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 66 Helicopter Signboard Phrases • General – You have been intercepted • Radio Com – Tune Frequency 121.5 Mhz – Contact ATC Immediately • Maneuver messages – Follow me – Reverse course – Fly Heading XXX • Non-Compliant – Your aircraft is in danger • Compliant – After landing contact ATC – After landing await law enforcement – Land at this aerodrome
- 64. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 67 Washington DC Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA) • Visual Warning System (VWS) – Depart SFRA by turning away from VWS and heart of Washington DC – Contact ATC – VWS is for VFR traffic only! If NORDO while IFR, follow std lost comm. procedures Click to play video clip
- 66. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 69 Summary • Aviation Security is everyone's business • We need your help • Every airman should understand: • NOTAM / TFR info prior to flight • Why you may be intercepted • What to do when intercepted
- 67. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 70 How To Avoid Being Intercepted
- 68. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 71 Summary • Our booth • Discussion • Swag
- 69. UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 72 FAA Wings Credit and Feedback
Notas do Editor
- The best way to reduce presenting a threatening behavior is to comply with ATC instructions and monitor VHF or UHF emergency/guard frequencies. If not able to maintain a listening watch and you are intercepted, notify ATC of the situation and switch to emergency/guard frequency to talk directly to the interceptor.Get into the books and re-familiarize yourself with ICAO intercept procedures.Noncompliance may result in the use of force.Transition: Next, let’s look at ICAO intercept procedures.
- The Aeronautical Information Manual provides details on ICAO intercept procedures.Don’t be startled when a fighter or helicopter shows up on your wing. It is crucial that you maintain your current heading, altitude and airspeed and remain calm. Although you may be very uncomfortable with an aircraft close to you, the interceptor will ensure aircraft separation and will not be a conflict to your flight path. Comply with his directions. Also be aware that there may be an additional interceptor that you don’t see. Transition: What are your responsibilities and actions after being intercepted?
- The Aeronautical Information Manual provides details on ICAO intercept procedures.Don’t be startled when a fighter or helicopter shows up on your wing. It is crucial that you maintain your current heading, altitude and airspeed and remain calm. Although you may be very uncomfortable with an aircraft close to you, the interceptor will ensure aircraft separation and will not be a conflict to your flight path. Comply with his directions. Also be aware that there may be an additional interceptor that you don’t see. Transition: What are your responsibilities and actions after being intercepted?
- The Aeronautical Information Manual provides details on ICAO intercept procedures.Don’t be startled when a fighter or helicopter shows up on your wing. It is crucial that you maintain your current heading, altitude and airspeed and remain calm. Although you may be very uncomfortable with an aircraft close to you, the interceptor will ensure aircraft separation and will not be a conflict to your flight path. Comply with his directions. Also be aware that there may be an additional interceptor that you don’t see. Transition: What are your responsibilities and actions after being intercepted?
- NORAD may divert your aircraft to a nearby airfield that is suitable for your type of aircraft. After the initial intercept and the fighter rocks his wings and gets your acknowledgement, he will roll out on a heading that he wants you to turn to. You must comply and turn to the heading set by the interceptor. Reattempt to contact the interceptor on guard frequency and attempt to contact ATC if the ATC frequency is known.For aircraft speed above approximately 250 mph, one fighter interceptor will remain close to the aircraft and the other will remain 1-5 miles behind the aircraft. For aircraft that are slower than 250 mph, the fighter interceptor will be unable to slow to your speed. The two fighter interceptors will orchestrate a ‘racetrack’ pattern. One fighter will slow to identify the aircraft during a slow-speed pass and then turn 180 degrees and reposition to 3-5 mile trail while the second fighter will move into a position to be able to further identify or guide the aircraft. This will continue until the aircraft lands at the divert field or the fighters are told to discontinue the mission.Transition: Let’s look at a video of an interceptor directing the intercepted aircraft to follow then we will look at the Headbutt maneuver?
- NORAD may divert your aircraft to a nearby airfield that is suitable for your type of aircraft. After the initial intercept and the fighter rocks his wings and gets your acknowledgement, he will roll out on a heading that he wants you to turn to. You must comply and turn to the heading set by the interceptor. Reattempt to contact the interceptor on guard frequency and attempt to contact ATC if the ATC frequency is known.For aircraft speed above approximately 250 mph, one fighter interceptor will remain close to the aircraft and the other will remain 1-5 miles behind the aircraft. For aircraft that are slower than 250 mph, the fighter interceptor will be unable to slow to your speed. The two fighter interceptors will orchestrate a ‘racetrack’ pattern. One fighter will slow to identify the aircraft during a slow-speed pass and then turn 180 degrees and reposition to 3-5 mile trail while the second fighter will move into a position to be able to further identify or guide the aircraft. This will continue until the aircraft lands at the divert field or the fighters are told to discontinue the mission.Transition: Let’s look at a video of an interceptor directing the intercepted aircraft to follow then we will look at the Headbutt maneuver?
- NORAD may divert your aircraft to a nearby airfield that is suitable for your type of aircraft. After the initial intercept and the fighter rocks his wings and gets your acknowledgement, he will roll out on a heading that he wants you to turn to. You must comply and turn to the heading set by the interceptor. Reattempt to contact the interceptor on guard frequency and attempt to contact ATC if the ATC frequency is known.For aircraft speed above approximately 250 mph, one fighter interceptor will remain close to the aircraft and the other will remain 1-5 miles behind the aircraft. For aircraft that are slower than 250 mph, the fighter interceptor will be unable to slow to your speed. The two fighter interceptors will orchestrate a ‘racetrack’ pattern. One fighter will slow to identify the aircraft during a slow-speed pass and then turn 180 degrees and reposition to 3-5 mile trail while the second fighter will move into a position to be able to further identify or guide the aircraft. This will continue until the aircraft lands at the divert field or the fighters are told to discontinue the mission.Transition: Let’s look at a video of an interceptor directing the intercepted aircraft to follow then we will look at the Headbutt maneuver?
- If you see the interceptor dispense flares and maneuver in front of your aircraft, you must pay strict attention and immediately follow the interceptors directions.Failure to comply at this point is not recommended. If tuned to guard frequency you may hear on the radio:“If you do not follow these instructions, you may be fired upon.”Transition: Here is a video of the headbutt maneuver. After the video we will look at :(GA brief) How NORAD Helicopter intercept procedures differ from fighter intercept procedures.(Corporate/commercial carriers) The Visual Warning System to alert pilots in the Washington D.C. Special Fight Rules Area (SFRA).
- The Aeronautical Information Manual provides details on ICAO intercept procedures.Don’t be startled when a fighter or helicopter shows up on your wing. It is crucial that you maintain your current heading, altitude and airspeed and remain calm. Although you may be very uncomfortable with an aircraft close to you, the interceptor will ensure aircraft separation and will not be a conflict to your flight path. Comply with his directions. Also be aware that there may be an additional interceptor that you don’t see. Transition: What are your responsibilities and actions after being intercepted?
- Post intercept procedures are the same ICAO intercept procedures used when intercepted by a fighter aircraft.Visual signaling devices may be employed in an attempt to communicate with the intercepted aircraft. Visual signaling devices may include, but are not limited to, LED scrolling signboards or blue flashing lights. If compliance is not attained through the use of radios or signaling devices, standard ICAO intercept signals (Table 5-6-1) may be employed. In order to maintain safe aircraft separation, it is incumbent upon the pilot of the intercepted aircraft not to fall into a trail position (directly behind the helicopter) if instructed to follow the helicopter as the helicopter pilot may lose visual contact with the intercepted aircraft.Transition: Here is a video of the Helicopter’s signboard signaling device. We’ll also look at the other messages you may see.
- Post intercept procedures are the same ICAO intercept procedures used when intercepted by a fighter aircraft.Visual signaling devices may be employed in an attempt to communicate with the intercepted aircraft. Visual signaling devices may include, but are not limited to, LED scrolling signboards or blue flashing lights. If compliance is not attained through the use of radios or signaling devices, standard ICAO intercept signals (Table 5-6-1) may be employed. In order to maintain safe aircraft separation, it is incumbent upon the pilot of the intercepted aircraft not to fall into a trail position (directly behind the helicopter) if instructed to follow the helicopter as the helicopter pilot may lose visual contact with the intercepted aircraft.Transition: Here is a video of the Helicopter’s signboard signaling device. We’ll also look at the other messages you may see.
- The Visual Warning System (VWS) is an additional means for NORAD to warn aircraft that have strayed into, or pose a threat, to the national capital region.The VWS consists of a number of strategically placed ‘eye safe’ laser generators around the Washington D.C. Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA).If you are in the SFRA and are not complying with flight restrictions, you may see the green, red, red flashes of the VWS. Immediately turn away from the VWS and tune your radio to ATC or guard frequency. Contact ATC and identify yourself, your location and intentions.To get more information on the flight rules in the SFRA, use the link provided to access the FAA Washignton D.C. SFRA text. AOPA also has an interactive course available on it’s website.Transition: Next, let’s take a look at NORAD’s intercept aircraft.