Enviar pesquisa
Carregar
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 5.social foundation
•
0 gostou
•
294 visualizações
S
snhewage
Seguir
Educação
Denunciar
Compartilhar
Denunciar
Compartilhar
1 de 50
Baixar agora
Baixar para ler offline
Recomendados
5.social foundation
5.social foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foundation of effective
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foundation of effective
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 4.epistemologyical foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 4.epistemologyical foundation
snhewage
3.foundation of effective
3.foundation of effective
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
4.epistemologyical foundation
4.epistemologyical foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
Review & conclusion
Review & conclusion
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 12
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 12
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 2.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 2.chapter
snhewage
Recomendados
5.social foundation
5.social foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foundation of effective
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foundation of effective
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 4.epistemologyical foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 4.epistemologyical foundation
snhewage
3.foundation of effective
3.foundation of effective
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
4.epistemologyical foundation
4.epistemologyical foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
Review & conclusion
Review & conclusion
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 12
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 12
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 2.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 2.chapter
snhewage
1.introduction
1.introduction
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
snhewage
Struggle of Negombo Lagoon Book
Struggle of Negombo Lagoon Book
pradeeplaksiri
Buddhist values 2.chapter
Buddhist values 2.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
Kaha sulaga 1
Kaha sulaga 1
Sumanarathna
Ii
Ii
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
තිසරණ සරණ යා යුත්තේ කෙසේද ?
තිසරණ සරණ යා යුත්තේ කෙසේද ?
issrodrigo
Sonduru yashodhara by gangodawila soma thero
Sonduru yashodhara by gangodawila soma thero
Dushyantha Liyanage
Pali Tripitaka and the Mission of Buddhist Monks to Preserve it
Pali Tripitaka and the Mission of Buddhist Monks to Preserve it
Wewala Dhammaloka
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 3.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 3.chapter
snhewage
ගීතය
ගීතය
dileeepajeewan
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 6.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 6.chapter
snhewage
The Classification that used to organize Buddha's teaching
The Classification that used to organize Buddha's teaching
Wewala Dhammaloka
නීතිවිරෝධී රැස්වීමි විසුරැවා හැරීමෙ බලතල
නීතිවිරෝධී රැස්වීමි විසුරැවා හැරීමෙ බලතල
Pubudu Udara
Stepanov ivan
Stepanov ivan
dukan-art
5-Cm27 11-12
5-Cm27 11-12
mathome79
David carlson presentation
David carlson presentation
merazo8800
Power catalogo
Power catalogo
Ponteguapaa
Bullying dance
Bullying dance
ximo2000
Ejercicios paso a paso
Ejercicios paso a paso
kevinbarrera980405
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
snhewage
Aprendizaje colaborativo
Aprendizaje colaborativo
angelmoises78
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
1.introduction
1.introduction
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
snhewage
Struggle of Negombo Lagoon Book
Struggle of Negombo Lagoon Book
pradeeplaksiri
Buddhist values 2.chapter
Buddhist values 2.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
Kaha sulaga 1
Kaha sulaga 1
Sumanarathna
Ii
Ii
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
තිසරණ සරණ යා යුත්තේ කෙසේද ?
තිසරණ සරණ යා යුත්තේ කෙසේද ?
issrodrigo
Sonduru yashodhara by gangodawila soma thero
Sonduru yashodhara by gangodawila soma thero
Dushyantha Liyanage
Pali Tripitaka and the Mission of Buddhist Monks to Preserve it
Pali Tripitaka and the Mission of Buddhist Monks to Preserve it
Wewala Dhammaloka
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 3.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 3.chapter
snhewage
ගීතය
ගීතය
dileeepajeewan
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 6.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 6.chapter
snhewage
The Classification that used to organize Buddha's teaching
The Classification that used to organize Buddha's teaching
Wewala Dhammaloka
නීතිවිරෝධී රැස්වීමි විසුරැවා හැරීමෙ බලතල
නීතිවිරෝධී රැස්වීමි විසුරැවා හැරීමෙ බලතල
Pubudu Udara
Mais procurados
(14)
1.introduction
1.introduction
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
Struggle of Negombo Lagoon Book
Struggle of Negombo Lagoon Book
Buddhist values 2.chapter
Buddhist values 2.chapter
Kaha sulaga 1
Kaha sulaga 1
Ii
Ii
තිසරණ සරණ යා යුත්තේ කෙසේද ?
තිසරණ සරණ යා යුත්තේ කෙසේද ?
Sonduru yashodhara by gangodawila soma thero
Sonduru yashodhara by gangodawila soma thero
Pali Tripitaka and the Mission of Buddhist Monks to Preserve it
Pali Tripitaka and the Mission of Buddhist Monks to Preserve it
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 3.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 3.chapter
ගීතය
ගීතය
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 6.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 6.chapter
The Classification that used to organize Buddha's teaching
The Classification that used to organize Buddha's teaching
නීතිවිරෝධී රැස්වීමි විසුරැවා හැරීමෙ බලතල
නීතිවිරෝධී රැස්වීමි විසුරැවා හැරීමෙ බලතල
Destaque
Stepanov ivan
Stepanov ivan
dukan-art
5-Cm27 11-12
5-Cm27 11-12
mathome79
David carlson presentation
David carlson presentation
merazo8800
Power catalogo
Power catalogo
Ponteguapaa
Bullying dance
Bullying dance
ximo2000
Ejercicios paso a paso
Ejercicios paso a paso
kevinbarrera980405
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
snhewage
Aprendizaje colaborativo
Aprendizaje colaborativo
angelmoises78
Guia temàtica filologia i lingüística, literatura, diccionaris i traductors
Guia temàtica filologia i lingüística, literatura, diccionaris i traductors
Jaume Gomila
1 dibujo-isomc3a9trico
1 dibujo-isomc3a9trico
JaimiToJiMo
Bateig de mar 3r
Bateig de mar 3r
6desonveri
Proyecto "El Cincho"
Proyecto "El Cincho"
estercaldito
Tarefa 2
Tarefa 2
Carla Restier
Pcap 세미나
Pcap 세미나
chyoon
Caminhão digital
Caminhão digital
Ângela Brito
02 los animales_alumnado
02 los animales_alumnado
Marcos Medina Iglesias
Desenvolvimento urbano um campo de atuação técnico social
Desenvolvimento urbano um campo de atuação técnico social
CRESS-MG
Lingeriegardencorset
Lingeriegardencorset
Blog Moda, Beleza e Cia.
Métricas de sucesso vs métricas de vaidade no rd summit 2014
Métricas de sucesso vs métricas de vaidade no rd summit 2014
PunkMetrics
METODOLOGIA
METODOLOGIA
Ceezar Hernandeez
Destaque
(20)
Stepanov ivan
Stepanov ivan
5-Cm27 11-12
5-Cm27 11-12
David carlson presentation
David carlson presentation
Power catalogo
Power catalogo
Bullying dance
Bullying dance
Ejercicios paso a paso
Ejercicios paso a paso
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Review & conclusion
Aprendizaje colaborativo
Aprendizaje colaborativo
Guia temàtica filologia i lingüística, literatura, diccionaris i traductors
Guia temàtica filologia i lingüística, literatura, diccionaris i traductors
1 dibujo-isomc3a9trico
1 dibujo-isomc3a9trico
Bateig de mar 3r
Bateig de mar 3r
Proyecto "El Cincho"
Proyecto "El Cincho"
Tarefa 2
Tarefa 2
Pcap 세미나
Pcap 세미나
Caminhão digital
Caminhão digital
02 los animales_alumnado
02 los animales_alumnado
Desenvolvimento urbano um campo de atuação técnico social
Desenvolvimento urbano um campo de atuação técnico social
Lingeriegardencorset
Lingeriegardencorset
Métricas de sucesso vs métricas de vaidade no rd summit 2014
Métricas de sucesso vs métricas de vaidade no rd summit 2014
METODOLOGIA
METODOLOGIA
Mais de snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.introduction
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.introduction
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.cognition & behaviour
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.cognition & behaviour
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.foot notes
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.foot notes
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foot note
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foot note
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 4.epistemologyical foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 4.epistemologyical foundation
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Reference books
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Reference books
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Metta research propasal
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Metta research propasal
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Ii
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Ii
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 12
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 12
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 5.social foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 5.social foundation
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foot note
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foot note
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.foot notes
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.foot notes
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.cognition & behaviour
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.cognition & behaviour
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.introduction
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.introduction
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.chapter
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 2.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 2.chapter
snhewage
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 3.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 3.chapter
snhewage
Mais de snhewage
(20)
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.introduction
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.introduction
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.cognition & behaviour
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.cognition & behaviour
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.foot notes
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.foot notes
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foot note
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foot note
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 4.epistemologyical foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 4.epistemologyical foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Reference books
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Reference books
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Metta research propasal
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Metta research propasal
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Ii
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Ii
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 12
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 12
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 5.social foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 5.social foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foot note
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 3.foot note
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.foot notes
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.foot notes
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.cognition & behaviour
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 2.cognition & behaviour
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.introduction
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.introduction
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 1.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 2.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 2.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 3.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ Buddhist values 3.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ 5.social foundation
1.
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත
ෙහේවෙග් 05 mrspzfPaoh ( 05. Chapter ) fu;a;d ixl,amh : iudcuh moku ( Metta Concept : Societal Foundation ) fu;a;d idrOrAufhys iudcuh mokug wh;a jkafka ndysr ifudaOdkh we;s lr .ekSu ms<snZo lreKqh' fuz uZ.ska iudc m@;sudk ( Norms ) wdrCIdjSu flfrA' fu;a;d idrOrAuh olajk odhlFjh ms<snZo lreKq .eUqrska jsurAYkh flfrA' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixl,amhla muKla f,iska oelajQj o tys .enzjk w;sYh m@fhda.sl Ndjh Wmfhda.S lr .efkkqfha ;ks mqoa.,hka iuznJO idrOrAu jO!khlg tyd .sh iudc iuznJO;djhkays jsOsu;a idrOrAu! wka;rA.; YsCIKhla l@shd;aul lsrSu flfrys nj fmkajd oS u fuhska wfmaCIs;h'1 fu;a;d ixl,amh nsys jkqfhao tla mqoa.,fhl` wruqKq lrf.k fkdfjz' wju jYfhka mqoa.,hka tla wfhl`g jevs msrsila wruqKq lr.ksusks' uQ,sl wjia:dfjys ;ks mqoa.,fhl` jYfhka ;uka ;ukaygu ffu;@sh jO!kh lsrSu jsia;r lr ;snqK o thska wfmaCIs; jS ;snqfKa ;uka yqol,d jS ;ukagu muKla os.gu ffu;@sh jevSu fkdj wkHhkayg me;srjSug fmrd;`j tlS me;srjSu ukdj yqre mqre|= jSu iZoyd uq,skau fu;a;d ixl,amh ;uka ;`< ukdj m@.`K lsrSug uQ,sl mqyqKqjla ,nd.ekSu muKls'2 tuksid fu;a;d ixl,amh iudcuh moku ;`< oS Ndjs;d lsrSug wuq;`jka W;aiyhla .; hq;` fkdjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh wF:!j;a jkafkau iudc moaO;shla ;`< cSjSka msrsila w;frys oS muKla ksidh'3 nq|=iufhys js.@y jkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ffcj f,dalhg wu;rj mrsirh iuznJOfhka o fhoS we;s wdldrh m@d;sfudCIfhys jskh YsCId mo meKjSuz foi jsurAYkd;aulj n,k l, fmkS hk lreKls'4 fulS iudcuh mokfuys oS jvd;a W;aiql jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc iuznJOdjhka jsOsu;a lsrSfuys,d odhl jS we;s wdldrh ms<snZoj jsurAYkh lr ne,Sughs'5 iudc iuznJO;djhka f.dvkeZ.Sfuz oS fukau mj;ajd .ekSfuys oS tl f,iu fu;a;d ixl,amh uy;a fia wdOdr Wmldrj;a jk w;r tys Wmrsu ;,fhys oS ;uka yd wkHhka w;r iSud iuzfNaoh yer ouuska lghq;` lsrSug udkjhd jsfYaI mqyqKqjla ,nhs'6 fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc iuznJO;d jsIfhys l@shd;aul jk wdldrh uekjska js.@yjk jsIhla kuz fn#oaO iudc jsoHdjhs'7 jsfYaI jYfhka fn#oaO iudc jsoHdjg wod< jk whqrska fu;a;d idrOrAu!fha iudc jsoHd;aul jeo.;alu ms<snZo w;sYh mqZM,a js.@yhla fuz mrspzfPaoh uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrA' iudc iuznJO;djhka uekjska ilia jsh hq;` wdldrh yd 191
2.
jrA;udkfhys tfia fkdjSu
ksid iudch uqyqK md isgsk .egZM ms<snZo fn#oaO ixorANhdkQl~, js.@yhla o fuhska is|= flfrA' fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd w;rska iudc jsoHd;aul jeo.;alula .kakd jsjsO iQ;@ foaYkd fndfydauhla we;s w;r ta iEu iQ;@ Ou!hla uZ.skau fu;a;d idr Ou!h jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,nk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amhg jsfYaI wkqn,hla o ,ndfohs' tfukau fn#oaO iudc jsoHdj yd fiiq iudchSh jsoHd fCIa;@hg wka;rA.; jkakd jQ jsIh fCIa;@hkays ms<s.;a kHdhhka yd fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`<kd;aulj jsYaf,aIKh lsrSu ;`<ska fu;a;d idrOrAu!fhys iudcuh Ndjs;dfjys we;s Wmfhda.S;djh biau;` fldg oelajSu fuz mrspzfPAoh uZZ.ska is|= flfrA' fulS iudcSh Ndjs;dj wka ljrodgj;a jvd jrA;udkfhys wjYH jS we;af;a osfkka osk jv jvd;a ixlSrAK jk usksia yeisrSuz rgdjka ms<snZoj ms<smeosh hq;` kshu l@uh fu;a;d ixl,amfhka bosrsm;a flfrk nejsks' fu;a;d ixl,amh iudch flfrys wod<lr .; hq;` kshu wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg f.k we;s kuz jrA;udkfhys Woa.;j we;s jsjsO iudcuh wrAnqo yd .egZM j,ska usksia iudch jshqla; jSug fyda yels;dla wju ugzgul tajd rZojd .ekSug wjldY ie,fikq we;'8 isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iudcuh moku wF:! oelafjkafka hq;`luz yd j.lSuz hk fohdldrfhks'9 fuu hq;`luz yd j.lSuz l@shd;aul jSu iZoyd isZ.df,djdo iQ;@fhys jsia;r flfrkakd jQ uQ<sl iudc ixia:d ih ;`< wfkdakH jYfhka l@shd;aul jkakd jQ ysff;IS iajNdjhla mej;sh hq;`h'10 fuu ysff;Is Ndjh kuz fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuhska fmfkkafka udkj ixia:dfjz wfkdkH neZoSu talFjh we;s lsrSfuys,d fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ldrAhNdrh b;du;a iqjsfYaIS jk njhs' nq|= oyfuys iZoyka jk wdldrhg m<uqj mqoa.,hd wkHhkag fu;a;d ixl,amh me;srjSug m<uqj ;uka ;ud jsIfhysu th me;srjSu uZ.ska ukdj m@.`K Ndjhg m;alr .; hq;` fjz' bka blans;sj muKla tnZ|= ;eke;a;dg ;uka Wmudjg f.k wka wh fj; o l@udkQl~,j fu;a is; me;srjsh yels jkq we;s nj nq|= iuh fmkajd oS ;sfnz' ;udg m<uqj fu;a;d ixl,amh me;srjSu wd;audrA:h f,ig we;euz wh l,amkd lr;;a thska jkafka |=rAj,j mej;s ;u is; Yla;su;a lsrSu muKs' ienjskau ;uka flfrysj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh f.dvkZ.d .ekSug ;ruz j;a fkdyelshdfjka hqla; jQ iudc mrsirhl osjs f.fjk idudkH mqyq|=ka usksid l< hq;af;a m<uqfjka ;uka Yla;su;a lr.ekSuh' iudch ;`< ;uka o tla;rd mqoa.,fhls' by<ska isg iuia;h foi n,kafkl`yg fmfkkafka o ta whqrsks' ixl,am ms<snZo h:d iajNdjh jkqfha th yg.kafka o jrAOkh jkqfha o is; weiqrskau jk fyhska uq,skau ish isf;ys we;s lr.;a;d jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh msg;g o jsyso hk wdldrfhka Yla;su;a lr.ekSu uQ<slju l< hq;`j we;'11 fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`K lrkafka l@u l@ufhka ;uka o wkHhka o hk iSudj ;`kSjk wdldrfhks' wjidkfha oS ish,qu iSudjka bj;a fldg ;uka o wkHhka o hk yeZ.Su rys;j fu;a;d ixl,amhu muKla isf;ys msysgqjd .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,am jrAOkfhys .eUqreu wjia:dj f,i nq|=iuh fmkajhs' fu;a;d Ndjkdj ;`< fuh b;du;a ijsia;rj olajd we;' 192
3.
fuz wdldrfhka isf;ys
m@.`K jkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ;j |=rg;a ixl,amhla muKlau jkafkao hk .egZMj fuysoS meK fkdkZ.skq ,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkk" wdfjzok yd prAhduh hk ;@sjsO wxYhkaf.ka mrsmQrAK ixl,amhla jk fyhsks' fuz ;@sjsO wxYhkau fu;a;d ixl,amfhys b;du m@n,Fjhg m;a jQ wxY jk w;r fuys uQ<sl wjia:dj m@cdkk wxYh w;am;a lr.kshs' prAhduh mCIfhka ta m@cdkk wxYfhka jrAOkh lr.kakd ,o ixl,amuh wjia:dj l@shdldrS jS msg;g jsyso hhs'12 idudkH fn#oaOhdf.a ks;H YS,h f,i ie,flk tfiau fn#oaO yd wfn#oaO ldg;a iudc cSjs;fhaoS ksrjq,aj lghq;` lsrSfuz yelshdj" ta iZoyd wjYHlrk jgdmsgdj ilia lrfok iudc iuzuq;shla f,i mxpYS, m@;smodj fmkajd osh yelsh' mxpYS, m@;smodj uZ.ska mqoa.,hdj iudch jsiska o iudch jsiska mqoa.,hdj o iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nhs' iudchla hkq mqoa.,hka rdYshlf.a jsjsO iuznJO;d yd wka;rAl@shdjka tla;eka jQ wjia:djla jk nejska fuu iuznJO;d yd wka;rAl@shdjka tla;rd jsOsu;a iajrEmhlska md,kh jsh hq;`h hkq idrOrAu! iuznJOfhka we;slr.; hq;` wF:!l:khla f,i oelajsh yel' md,kh jsh hq;` jsOsu;a iajrEmh fuz hehs mxpYS, m@;smodj uZ.ska fmkajd fokq ,nhs' mxpYS, m@;smodfjys we;s iqjsfYaISFjh jkqfha wd.u ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj jqj o TzkEu ck fldgzGdYhlg th wod< lr.; yelsjSuhs' fuz hgf;a jsjsO wd.uz yd jsjsO jsYajdi orK ta wkqj lghq;` lrk TzkEu mqoa.,fhl`g ish cSjs;fhys lghq;` idrA:l lr.ekSu iZoyd mxpYS, m@;smodfjka ie,fikqha fkduZo fufyhls' ffcj ys;jdoS nj mxpYS, m@;smodfjys wka;rA.; jsYajjSh nfjys mokuhs' iuia; mxpYS, m@;smodj mqrdu jsyso mj;skakd jQ udkj ysff;ISnfjys ryi jkqfha o th fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj iliaj mej;Suhs'13 m<uqfjks YsCIdmoh uZ.ska wF:!j;a lrkq ,nkafka mqoa.,hdf.a cSj;ajSfuz whs;sh iq/lSuhs'14 fuhg mdol jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' huz flfkl`yg iudch ;`< iajlSh cSj;ajSfuz whs;sh iqrCIs;j ;nd .kakg kuz fy;u wkHhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuz whs;shg .re lrkafkl` yd th /l oSug fjfyi .kafkl` njg m;ajsh hq;` nj fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fuys jeo.;au ,CIKh jkqfha hq;`luz yd j.lSuz iajrEmfhka fomigu tl f,ig iunrj l@shd;aul jkakd jq lsishuz .sjsiqul yd iuzuq;shl iajrEmhla tys .enzjSuhs'15 ish,qu iFjhka ;ukaf.a cSjs;hg wdYd lrkq ,nk nj nq|=iuh ms,s.kshs' mqoa.,hka rdYshla tla;eka jS iudc.; jkqfha o fuu cSjs;h ksrjq,aj yd jvd hym;a whqrska mj;ajd .ekSfuz wjYH;djh ksidh' fuz fya;`j ksid lsis|= fNaohlska f;drj ieu fokdg mdfya ish cSjs;h flaJ|@ fldgf.k fuu wjYH;djh yg.kakd nejska wd.u ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj jqj o cSjs;hl we;s jgskdlu 193
4.
fkdfjkiaj mj;shs' flfkl`
;udf.a cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hEug we;s leue;af;a m@udKhgu wfkla mqoa.,hd ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hEug leue;af;ka isgsk nj o fuhska f;areuz .; yelsh'16 m<uq fldgu ;ukag fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkqfha mqoa.,fhl`yg ;ukaf.a cSjs;fhys jgskdlu wjfndaO lrosu msKsi jk w;r m@.`K jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh we;s mqoa.,hdyg ;j |=rg;a th wkHhka olajdu jHdma; l< yels ugzgulg meusfKa' jevs|=rg;a fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`K lsrSfuz oS ;uka yd wkHhka w;r mj;akd jQ jHdc isudj w;sl@uKh lsrSug mqoa.,hdyg wjia:dj ,efnz' fuu iSudjka jHd;sl@uKh lsrSuu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jvd;au jrAOkSh wjia:dj f,i ie,fla' mrsmQrAK mqoa., fm#reIFjh f,i wrA: oelafjkqfhao fujeks wdldrfhka ishZM wdldrfha ;uka yd wkHhka hk iSudj |=re lr lghq;` lsrSug yelshdjla ;ud ;`< jrAOkh lr.kq ,enQ wjia:djhs' wd;audrA:h hkqfjka yeZoskafjk iEu jsgu ;ukaf.a iqL jsyrKh muKla is;k wkHhka .ek fkdis;k wjia:dj yg.efkkqfha ;uka yd wkHhka w;r w;s jsYd, mr;rhla ukiska ;nd l,amkd lsrSu ;`<sks' mrdrA:h kshudldrfhka wrA:l:kh jkafka ;uka o wkHhka yd iudkh hk yeZ.Su we;s jk wdldrfhka ffu;@sfhys Wmrsu jrAOkSh wjia:dj jk ;uka yd wkHhka w;r iSudj bj;a lr fmd|= cSjSka hkqfjka tlu mrudorAYh wkqj is;Su ;`<h'17 mqoa.,fhl`f.a osjs meje;au ukdj iqrCIs;j .; lsrSu iZoyd wdydr mdk" weZ|=uz me<|=uz" ksjdi jeks uQ<sl wjYH;djhka ksis fia iuzmQrAK jsh hq;`h' fuzjd ,nd .ekSu iZoyd mqoa.,fhl`yg lsishuz l@h Yla;shla fyj;a fuzjd us<oS .ekSfuz yelshdjla mej;sh hq;`h' tfiau uQ<sl wjYH;djhka iuzmQrAK lr.ekSu msKsi imhd .kakd ,o iuzm;a l@udkQl~,j N`la;s jsoSu msKsi /ia lr ;nd .ekSu o uQ<sl usksia wjYH;djhlau fjz' fujeks iuzm;a flfrys f,dn neZo tajd ;fjfll` jsiska meyer .ekSu jkdyS iuzm;a we;a;df.a uQ<sl usksia whs;sjdisluz lvlsrSula o fjz' tnejska bka je<lSu wkHhka flfrys ffu;@S mQrAjl is;ska is|= lrkq ,nk l@shdjla fjz'18 iudcfhys fjfik wfkl`;a idudcslhkaf.a iuzm;a /ia lsrSfuz we;s whs;sh ms<s.ekSu uQrA;su;a flfrkqfha tajd meyer fkd.ekSu ;`<sks' wkHhkayg we;s iuzm;a /ialr ;nd mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;shg .re lsrSu;a iuZ.u iudch yd mqoa.,hd w;r iduQysl neZoSula yg.kshs' fuu iduQyslFjh mqoa., ls@hdldrSFjh ksrrAnqo mrudorAYS iudchla ksrAudKh jSfuys,d Bg olajk iyh uQrA;su;a fldg fmkajhs'19 m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.sl wdlrAIKh fya;`fldgf.k l@shd;aul jk mjq,a ixia:dj jsOsu;aj wdrCIdjSug kuz th iudch jsiska ms<s.kakd ,o ksYaps; rduqjlg wkq.;j yeisrsh hq;`jSu iudc.; wjYH;djhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh' usksid o fiiq cSjSka fukau cdkuh jYfhka Wreu lr.kakd ,o fmd|= ffcjuh .`Khka wka;rA.; yd tlS ffcjSh meje;au wLKavj bosrshg f.khdu iZoyd ilia jS we;s YdrSrsl yd udkisl iychka wka;rA.; cSjsfhla jk kuq;a usksid iajNdjfhka Wreu lrf.k isgsk iqjsfYaIs; oshqKq ixialD;sl cSjk meje;au fya;`fjka fiiq cSjSkag fuka ish YdrSrsl yd udkisl iychka ;ukaf.a is;eZ.s mrsos 194
5.
;Dma;su;a lr.ekSug wjYH
bvlv iudch jsiska iuzu; lr.kakd ,o rduqjla ;`< iSud lrkq ,en we;' fuys oS mqoa.,hd yd iudch w;r fmd|= tlZ.Fjh jkqfha iudch jsiska iuzu; m@;sjsreoaO fofofkl` w;r f.dvkZ.d.kq ,nk ,sx.sl cSjs;hg fjk;a mdrAYjhka jsiska n,mEuz lrkq ,enSu ydls;dla wju lsrSuhs'20 fuz ioyd uQ<OrAuhla f,i m@fhdackh f.k we;af;a fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' mjq,a tallfhys wdruzNhl wjia:dj f,i i,lkq ,nk fofofkl` w;r f.dvkZ.d.kq ,nk ,sx.sl iuznJO;djh l@udkQ, f,i orejka ,enSu;a wk;`rej fiiq iudc ixia:d iuZ. we;slr .kq ,nk jsjsOdldrfhys wka;rAl@shdjka uZ.ska l@ul@ufhka ixlSrAK wjia:djka olajd jrAOkh lr.ksuska bosrshg f.khEu yd ta msKsi fmd|= iudcfhys iEu fokdf.au osrs.ekajSuz fkduZoj ,nuska fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol lr.ksuska lghq;` lsrSu is.df,dajdo iQ;@fha iosidjka kuialdrfhys tla osYdjla jYfhka fmkajd oS we;' f;jeks YsCIdmofhka wF:!j;a lrkqfha ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla f.dvkZ.d .ekSu yd th wLKavj bosrshg f.khdfuys,d mqoa.,sl yd mjq,a tallh w;r ;snsh hq;` wju idrOrAu! yeisrSuz rgdj fjz' huz mqoa.,fhl` .; lrk mqoa.,sl cSjs;h mjd iudc ixia:djkays wLKav yd ksrrAnqo meje;au ;yjqre lrkakla jsh hq;` njg losu ksoiqkla jkafka o ,sx.sl cSjs;fhys iSudiys; yd l@uj;aNdjh flfrys olajk ie,ls,a,hs' nsrsZo iajdushd flfrys;a" iajdushd nsrsZo flfrys;a" ujzmshka |+ orejka flfrys;a" |+ orejka ujzmshka flfrys;a f.dvkZ.d .kakd jQ neZosu fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolrf.k we;slr.; hq;` w;sYhskau fifkfyjka; yd l`ZMKq .`Kfhka hqla; jQjla jsh hq;` nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs'21 iudcfhys fjfikakd iEu ;rd;srulu mqoa.,fhl` jsiskau ish osjs meje;au f.khdfuz oS f;dr;`re ikaksfjzokfhys fhfohs' tys oS yels;dla ksrjoH yd i;H f;dr;`re ,nd.ekSug ieu mqoa.,fhl`ygu we;s whs;sh idrOrAu!hls' tfiau th mqoa., yd udkj whs;sjdisluls' tu whs;sjdislu huz wdldrhlska lvjSu fyda lvlsrSu msKsi odhlFjh iemhSu fuz wkqj jrols' f;dr;`re ,ndoSfuz oS fukau f;dr;`re ,nd.ekSfuz oS o tlS f;dr;`re ,efnk uQ,dY@ ms<snZo .@dylhd ,nd.kakd jsYajdih m<q|= fkdjS ;nd .ekSug ikaksfjzolhd jsiska lghq;` lrkq ,enSu udkj whs;shls' wi;H f;dr;`re ikaksfjzokh jkafka mqoa.,hka wkHhka uq<djg m;alsrSfuz fpz;dfjka hqla;j idjoH f;dr;`re iemhSu uZ.sks'22 wkHhka /jgSfuz fpz;kdj yg.kqfha wkHhka flfrys ffjrh" fl@daOh is;ays we;s l,h' f;dr;`re ikaksfjzolhd mqoa.,hd flfrys;a iuia; iudch flfrys;a fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgqfldgf.k lghq;` lrkafka kuz idjoH f;dr;`re 195
6.
iemhSfuka ish Y@djlhka
uq<djg m;alsrSu msKsi lghq;` fkd lrkq we;' wi;Hh wfkl`;a ish,qu jerosj,g uQ, ldrKhla jk nejska wi;H ikaksfjzokh lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd is|= lrkq ,nk l@shdj iudcfhys ms<s.;a iudc iuznJO;d ish,a,lau nsZo ouk iqZM fjz' TzkEu jeros l@shdjla is|= fldg th is|=lf,a ke;ehs lSu ksid u;`jg ksjeros mqoa.,fhl` jSug we;s yelshdj o fuz ksid wju fjz'23 iajlSh isysh wjq,a lrf.k iudcfhys lghq;` lsrSug mqoa.,hd wfmdfydi;ah' u;a meka yd u;a|@jH Ndjs;h ksid mshjs isysh mqoa.,hd ;`<ska ;`rkaj fha' u;ameka mdkh ksid uqZM uy;a iudchgu wjevodhs mqoa.,fhl` njg TzkEu mqoa.,fhl` m;ajkafka ksrdhdifhks'24 ;ukaf.a isysh wjq,a lr.eksu msKsi lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd tfia lrkafka oafjzIh ksid uq<d jQ is;lsks' ;ukag;a wkHhkayg;a jevodhs mrsos ksjeros isysfhka lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,fhl` tfia l@shdlrkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh u; mdol jQ is;sks' fu;a;d ixl,amh h:d mrsos l@shdjg kZ.kakg kuz b;du;a fydZo isysl,amkdjla mqoa.,hd i;`jSu wksjdrAh wjYH;djhls' tfiau fuys oS iDKd;aul w;r fm<UjSfuz kHdh l@shd;aul flfrA' fulS fm<UjSuz kHhdfhka is|= flfrkafka huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` os.ska os.gu huzlsis l@shdjla wrUhd Okd;aul fyda iDKd;aul whqrska lsishuz fm<UjSula is|= lrjSuhs' hym;a idrOrAu! iuznJOfhka fulS fm<UjSu l@shd;aul jk th Okd;aul mCIfhys jQ hym;a fm<UjSula f,i o |=Yaprs;fhys ,d fulS fm<UjSu l@shd;aul jk jsg th iDKd;aul mCIfhys jQ whym;a fm<UjSula f,i o idudkHfhka yZ|=kajhs' u;ameka ksid mqoa.,hd ;`< ldhsl yd udkisl mCIfhka yg.efkk fm<UjSu wh;a jkqfha iDKd;aul fm<UjSula f,ighs' fuys oS ;uka u;ameka u;a|@jH .ekSu iajlSh mrsydksh <Z.d lrjdfok ;uka jsiska ;ukaju fm<UjSula jk w;r fjk;a mqoa.,fhl` fuz wdldrfhka fm<UjSu ;ukag;a tlS mqoa.,hdyg;a tlfia mrsydksh <Z.d lrfohs'25 iEu fohlgu fome;a;la we;' mqoa.,hd iudchg fukau iudch mqoa.,hdyg;a ldreKsl jSu nq|=iuh wkqu; lrhs' tfiau th fmkajd fokq ,nhs' iudcfhka mrsndysrj mqoa., meje;aula ;snsh fkdyelsjdla fukau mqoa., meje;afuka mrsndysrj iudcuh meje;aula o ;snsh fkd yelsh' tfia fyhska mqoa.,hd yd iudch hk fowxYhu wka;rAl@shd lsrsfuz oS fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldgf.k l@shdlsrSu uZ.ska mqoa.,hd iudc weiqfrys oS meK kZ.sKq ,nk fndfyd .eg,q wju lr.ekSug ,efnkq we;'26 jrA;udkfhys fndfyda mqoa., yd iudc .egZM meK kZ.skq ,nkafka fuz fowxYh ms<snZoju fome;a;gu ksis wdldrfha jegySula fkdue;s nejsks' we;euz ;ekl oS mqoa.,hdyg iudch jsiska oafjzI iy.;j i,lkq ,nk w;r tys m@;sjsmdlg iudchgu w;ajsZoskakg is|=fjk wjia:d b;du;au nyq,h' nqoaO ld,fhys wysxil keue;s n@dyauK ;reKhd wx.`,sud, keue;s oreKq wmrdOlrefjl` njg m;ajQfha fuz whqrska mqoa.,hd flfrys oafjzI iy.; f,i iudch lghq;` lsrSu ksidh' tfiau l`vdl, mgka iudcfhys oafjzIhg nZ|=kaj isgS iqkS; yd fidmdl jeks l`vd orejka nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a 196
7.
ffu;@sh ,nd iqjm;a
jQ wdldrh mqoa., l@shdldrSFjh flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu fmkajhs'27 jrA;udk iudch fkdfhla wdldrfhys fya;~ka ksid jsjsOdldrfhka fNao Nskakj we;' tfia jSug m@Odk jYfhkau fya;`j iudcfhys fjfik fndfyda fokd wkHhka ms,snZoj fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj lghq;` fkdlsrSuhs' wkHhka w;ska is|=jk b;du;au iqZM is|=jSul oS mjd fndfyda nrm;, oZvqjuz yd fkdfhla ysxidldrS l@shd is|= lrkakg iudcfhys fjfik we;euqka ;`< lsishuz fm<TjSula olakg ,efnkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh l`vdl< mgkau ksis wdldrfhka fkd,enQ ksidnj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' mqoa.,hdyg iudch;a iudchg mqoa.,hd;a .ig fmd;a; fuks' .i;a fmd;a;;a /flk l,u iuia; jDCIfhys mej;au is|=jkakdla fuka mqoa.,hd;a iudch;a /flk wjia:dfjys oS muKla udkj jrA.hdf.a ksrrAnqo mej;au jsoHudk fjz' tfia fkdjk l,ays fkdfhl`;a l,flda<dy< rKavq onr jsm;a wdoshg uqyqK mEug iuia; udkj jrA.hdygu is|=jkq fkdwkqudkh' iudc ixia:dkays l@shd;auljSu f.kne,Qj;a fulS isoaOdka;h olakg ,efnz' fndfyda fofkl` jsiska jrA;udk mejsos iudch w;S; mejsos iudch yd iiZod n,d bka jsoHudks; jk fkdfhl`;a lreKq wrUhd jsfjzpk bosrsm;a lrkqfha th mj;skafka" mjq,a ixia:djkays .egZM yd oreKq iudcuh wrAnqo nyq, jrA;udk .sys iudcfhys Wm l`,lhla f,i l,amkdjg fkdf.kh' isZ.df,djdo iQ;@fhys iosid kuialdrh uehska bosrsm;a lrk ,o m@Odk iudc ixia:djka flfrys iudcuh n,mEu ksid tlS iudc ixia:djka ;`< jsoHudk jk jsjsO .egZM idlpzPd l< hq;af;a mj;sk iudchg idfmaCIlj jskd 197
8.
thska jshqla;j fkdfjz'
tf,i jshqla;j ie,l~ l, iudch o wrA:j;a fkdfjz' iudchla hkq iudc ixia:d fndfyda .Kklska ie|=uz,;a b;du;a ixlSrAK moaO;shla ksid tys iEu wxYhlu iunr;djh fiiq wxYj,g wod< fjz' bka tla wxYhla fyda fu;a;d ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj lghq;` lsrSu fuz fya;`j ksid fiiq wxYj,g b;du;a wrAnqoldrS f,i n,mdkq ,nhs' jrA;udk iudcfhys mj;akakd jQ wrAnqoldrS .egquzldrS jd;djrKh fuz ksid tla tla mdrAYjhla fya;`fjka is|= jQjla f,i tlsfkldyg we.s,s os.` lr.ekSu f;areula fkdue;s ksIaM, jQjls' nq|=iuh lsisjsfglj;a huzlsis lreKla is|=jSug n,mdkq ,nk fya;`j fyda fya;`rdYsh foi jsuid fkdn,d yqfola .egZMjg ms<shuz fhoSu wkqu; fkdlrkq ,nhs' jsoHd;aul pska;kfhys,d o fuz lreK fufiau js.@yhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nk w;r .egZM iZoyd ms,shuz fhdckd lsrSfuz oSo jsurAYkd;aul fya;`jg ksis ms<shuz fhoSu yd wod< i;Huh we.hquz Ndjs;d lsrSu is|= lrkq ,nhs' jsoHd;aul l@ufhys oS fukau nq|=iufhys oS o mqoa.,hd j;afmdfydi;alu" l`<h" iudc ;;ajh" ia;@S mqreI Ndjh" Z{d;S iuznJO;d ie<ls,a,g .ksuska ukskq fkd,nk w;r idOdrK we.hqulg meusKSu msKsi mqoa., l@shdjka muKla fpz;kdjg hg;aj ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nhs' fn#oaO iS, YsCIdfjys yd m@d;sfudCIfhys jskh YsCIdjkays fpz;kdjg uy;a ie,ls,a,la olajk w;r th w;sYhskau udkqIsl jQjla o fjz'28 frdau ,kafoais kS;sfhys o fpz;kdj wkqj l@shdfjys iajNdjh ;SrKh lrkq ,nk nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fpz;kdj fu;a;d ixl,amh u; mokuzj iudcuh iuznJO;djhka f.dvkZ.d .ekSu ksrka;rfhkau hym;a fjz' fojzo;a f;reka nq|=ka jyiafiaf.a isrer u;g .,la fmr,d thska nq|= isrer ;`jd, is|=lr f,a fi,jSu wdkka;rSh wl`Y,hla jkafka;a" thska we;s jQ ;`jd,hg yd ;e,Su iZoyd ms<shuz f,i cSjl ffjoHjrhd jsiska fnfy;a .e,ajSu msKsi nq|=ka jykafiaf.a ;`jd,h yd ;e,Su m,d f,a fi,jSu jsYd, l`Y,hla jqfha;a tlS isoaOs foflys oS fpz;kdfjys l@shdldrSFjh fjkia jQ nejsks' fuz fya;`j ksidu ksrka;rfhkau iudcYS,S osjshla .;lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hka fnfyjska fu;a;d ixl,amh fiajkh l< hq;af;a iudc iuznJO;d iEu tlloSu mdfya ffu;@S mQrAjlju lghq;` lsrSu w;sYh jeo.;a nejsks'29 wjros. rgj,a jsiska ish ixjrAOkfhys uQ<OrAu f,i i,ld l@shdlrkq ,nk yd Tjqkaf.a WmfoaYlhka udrA.fhka tajd taldka; i;H f,i furgg o fnodfokq ,nk" ngysr oekquz moaO;s iEu jsglu mdfya mqoa.,hd yd iudch tlla jYfhka fkdj folla jYfhka i,ld lghq;` lrkakg mQrAjdorAY imhd we;s uq;a l`rsre ukqIH >d;k yd f,a je.srjSuz udrA.fhka o jsfYaIfhkau fj<Zo ixialD;sfhys wdOsm;H uZ.ska o hgm;a lr we;s fmros. oekquz moaO;sj, jsfYaIFjh jkqfha iEu jsgloS u mqoa.,hd iucfhka jshqla; fldg fkdj iudcfhysu mQrAj tallh jYfhka i,ld we;s njhs' jsfYaIfhkau fmros. oekquz moaO;sh ;`<oS;a" ffjosl ixialD;sh ;`< fkdj m@;sffjosl ixialD;sh ;`< fnfyjskau fuz ms<snZoj idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka jS ;sfnz' tu ksidu ffjosl ixialD;shg jvd udkj flaJ|@shl iajrEmhla m@;s ffjosl ixialD;sh ;`< jsoHudk fjz' m@;s ffjosl ixialD;sh ;`<;a Igz Ydia;Djkaf.a wd.usl b.ekajSuzj,g jvd jevs bvlvla nq|=iufhys udkj flaJ|@Sh iajNdjh yd iudcuh 198
9.
iuznJO;djhka iuznJOfhka mqoa.,
l@shdldrSFjfhys we;s jgskdlu fmkajd oSug fya;`j jqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh iuznJOfhka nq|=iuh w;am;a lrf.k we;s mqZM,a w;aoelSuz yd oekquz fldgzGdYh ksid hehs ks.ukhlg meusKsug mqZMjk' tfiau wkH iuhhka yqfola fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jmirsh yqfola fpz;kdfjka mrsndysrj ldhsl mCIhg muKla iSud lr oelafuka muKla iEySulg m;a jQ iajrEmhla jsoHudk jk w;r nq|= iuh bka Tnzng f.dia tys udkisl mCIh l@udkQl~, wkaouska mrAfhaIKd;aul wkaouska is|= lrkq ,enQ mqoa., w;aoelSuz mdol lrf.k fy<sorjz lruska tys kj udkhka lrd jsyso f.dia we;' iudcuh l@shdldrSFjh ;`<oS tf,i fidhd .kakd ,o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys kj udkhka yd m@fjzYhka b;du;a idrA:l wdldrfhka iudc yeiSrSuzys wfkHdakH iqyonj yd jsYajikSh nj jrAOkh lr.ksuska mj;ajd .ekSu msKsi Ndjs;hg .ekSug yelshdj we;'30 jsfYaIfhkau fn#oaO idrOrAu! ish,a,lau mdfya mdol jS we;af;a fu;a;d ixl,amh flaJ|@fldgf.k nj meyeos,sju fmfkkakg ;sfnz' thg fya;`jla nq|=iuh b;du;a wjsysxidjdoS oyula jSuhs' fndfyda fokd nq|=oyug jvd iSudka;sl jQ mru wjsysxidjla ffck iuh ;`< jsoHudk fj;ehs mjikafka th w;a;ls,u:dkQfhda.S wjsysxid orAYkhla bosrsm;a lrk nejsks' fuz ;`< wkHhka jsIfhys fu;a;d ixl,amh ksis wdldrfhka l@shd;aul jSu fmfkkakg ;sfn;;a" ;ukag b;du;a mSvdckl ;;ajhka flfrys fhduq lrk nejska ;ud flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amh h:d whqrska l@shd;aul fjz hehs mejiSug wmyiqh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ksis iudc l@shdldrSFjh oel.ekSug kuz th wkHhka jsIfhys fukau ;ud jsIfhys o tlf,igu iSud iuzfNaohlska f;drj l@shd;auljsh hq;`h' fuz fya;`j ksid nq|=iufhys ;ruz mqZM,a iajrEmfhka ffck oyu ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh iunrj l@shd;aul fkdfjz' fuz ksid nq|=iuhg jvd mqZM,a jmirshl jQ mru wjsysxidjla fjk;a lsis|= iuhjdohl fkd b.ekafj;ehs mejish yelsh'31 iudc l@shdldrsFjfhys il@shldrS iajNdjh flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,meu meyeos,sju oel.; yelsh' ienjskau fu;a;d ixl,amh wF:! iuzmkak jkqfha iudc l@shdldrSFjh ksiduh'32 idrOrAu!j, ish,af,ysu;a" iodpdr iuzmkak lghq;` is,af,ysu;a moku fu;a;d ixl,amh f,i wF:! oelajsh yelafla ta is,a,lau wF:! iuzmkak jkqfha iudc miq;,h mdol 199
10.
lrf.k yg.ekSu yd
;j|=rg;a fkdkeiS rZod meje;au ksidh'33 fuz ksid iudc miq;,hlska mrsndysrj hful`g idrOrAu! fyda iodpdrh wF:! iuzmkak l< yelalla fkdfjz'34 tf,i iudcfhka mrsndysrj idrOrAu!j,g fyda iodpdrhg fyda meje;aula ;snsh fkdyelafla ta ish,a,f.au iSudjka usksia jgskdluz yd we.hquz wkqju ;SrKh flrekq iajrEmhla ta ;`<u jsoHudk nejsks' usksia jgskdluz yd huz huz we.hquz tajdg ysus lrfokq ,nkafka iudch ;`<oS iduQysl jYfhka tlZ.jkq ,nk ksyZv iuzuq;Ska j,oSh'35 ixl,amSh mCIfhka jshqla;j yodrkq ,nk idrOrAu! fuz wkqj Ndjs;fhys oS Ndjs;hg .kq ,nk ia:dkh" mqoa., iajrEmh wkqj l,ska ;SrKh l< fkdyels wdldrfhys jsjsO mrsjrA;kSh iajrEmhkag jsp,khjSu fuz wdldrfhka fkdje<lajsh yels fohla jkq we;' idrOrAu! jsjsO iajrEmfhka mej;sh;a tys moku f,i ie,flk fu;a;d ixl,amh ;j |=rg;a tys uq,a iajrEmfhkau l@shd;aul jSu u; tlS idrOrAu!fhys iudcuh jeo.;alu rZod mj;S' usksia iudch ;`< iudcuh taldnoaO;djh rZod mj;skafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys l@shdldrSFjh ta iudch ;`< l`uk wdldrfhka mejf;kafkao hk lreK u;h'36 huz wdldrhlska usksfil` ;j flfkl`f.a uq<sl usksia whs;sjdisluz W,a,x>kh lrhso tjsg fkdoekqj;au fya ;ukaf.a meje;auugu jsk lr.kafkl` njg fuz ksrhdifhkau m;afjz'37 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys meje;au tnZ|= mqoa.,hd w;ska lvflfrk nejsks' iudcfhys jQ huz mqoa.,fhl` w;ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj iudc iuzu; huz fohla lvjk wjia:djl oS th wfkl`;a mqoa.,hka flfrys n,mdkq ,nk iajrEmh wkqj th yqfola wdpdr Ou! w,a,x>khla o idrOrAu! mCIfhys jQ msrsySula o fkdtfia kuz wmrdOhl iajrEmfhys jrola o hkak ;SrKh flfrA'38 huz pdrs;@hla nsys jkafka iudcfhys fjfik fmd|= ishZM fokdf.au iuzuq;sfhks' pdrs;@ jdrs;@ fofldgilg fuys fnoSu olakg ,efnz' jdrs;@ hkq huzlsis fohla fkd l< hq;` hehs iduQyslj we;s lr.kakd ,o ;SrKhla jk w;r jdrs;@ hkq fuz wdldrfhkau huz huz foa fkd l< hq;` hehs we;s lr.kakd ,o iduQysl neZoSu fjz' isrs;a jsrs;a f,i yeZoskafjkafkao pdrs;@ yd jdrs;@ jYfhka wF:! olajk ,o fohu fjz' fujeks foa iudcfhys yg.kq ,nkafka iudc moaO;sh ;`< fjfikakd jQ mqoa.,hka Tjqfkdjqka w;r iduQyslj we;s lr.kakd ,o udkqIsl neZoSu ksihs' udkqIslFjh cks; jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,meu ksidh'39 fuz whqrska mqoa.,hka ;`< iduQyslFjh cks; lrk fu;a;d ixl,amh ixjrAOkSh mCIfhka ;j ;j;a fudard h;au wdpdrOu! jmirsfhka o Tnzng hdug iu;a fjz' tjsg wdpdr Ou! ;j|=rg;a wdpdrOu! f,i 200
11.
fkdyeZoskafjk w;r tjd
yeZoskafjkafka idrOrAu! f,ih' idrOrAu! j,g meyeos,sju wd.usl miq;,hla" ixialD;sl miqnsula we;' wd.usl" wdrA:sl yd iudchSh miqnsu fmd|=fjz .;al< th ixialD;sl miq;,h jYfhka yeZoskafjz' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh o yqfola wdpdrOu! miqnsfuka wdruzN jS" pdrs;@ jdrs;@ Tiafia bosrshg .uka lr irOu! ;,hg <Z.d fjz' fmd|=fjz .;a l< ishZM wdpdrOu! yd idrOrAu! iZoyd iudchSh iyNd.SFjh wfmaCIs; nejska yd iudc odhlFjh ,ensh hq;` nejska fu;a;d ixl,amh Tiafia ishZM foh fm< .iajkq ,nhs' ishZM iudc ixia:djka w;frys hq;`luz yd j.lSuz wF:! oelafjkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jk jsg nejska hq;`luz yd j.lSuzj,u ;j;a iajrEmhlau jQ wdpdr Ou! fukau idrOrAu! o fu;a;d ixl,amhu mdolj yg .efka'40 fu;a;d ixl,amh ishZM fofhys mokuhs' cSjhhs' usksidf.a ishZM l@shdldrluz hym;a wxYhg .uka lrjkafka tfukau iudch yd tjka iudc iuznJO;d flfrys l@shdldrS mCIfhka odhl lrjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amhhs'41 fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh wfkla ixl,amj,g idfmaCIlj b;du;a by< iudc l@shdldrSFjhla fmkajk ixl,amhla jYfhka o we.hqug md;@ l< yelsh' jsfYaIfhka fu;a;d ixl,amg iudk wfkla iuh ixl,amj, jsoHdudk fkdjk m@dfhda.sl yr moaO;shla yd iuia;uh mrsmQrAK njla fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jsoHdudkjSug tys nqoaOs mdol jrAOkSh YlH;dj fkduZoj bjy,aa jS ;sfnz' idrOrAu! ksrka;rfhkau iudch;a" mqoa.,hd;a Okd;aul wxYfhka bosrshg .uka lrjSu msKsi uQ<slFjh imhk kshuqldrlhhs' fufyhquz m@OdkFjh .kakd idrOrAu! ish,a,lau fu;a;d ixl,amfhka cSjh ,nhs' nz,Qlhsuz mjid we;s mrsos iudc nJOkhla f,i idrOrAu! l@shd;auljSfuz oS iudcfhys tla tl iudc ixia:djka wrUhd o tla tla iudc ixia:djla ;`< ixia:d.;jk mqoa.,hka w;r iduQyslnjla" us;@Fjhla cks;lrjSu wrUhd o" fu;a;d ixl,amh iDcq f,iu ueosy;a fjz' fuz ueosy;ajSu iudc ixia:djka iEu tlla flfrysu iudk f,i yd ;sria fukau isria iuznJO;djhka f,i o l@shd;aul fjz' fuys isria iuznJO;djhka f,i wF:!h:kh jkafka iudcfhys m@OdkFjh .kakd wkqms<sfj< hgf;ys by< isg wjidk mqrel olajd mqoa.,dka;r iy ixia:duh iuznJO;djhka jk w;r" ;sria iuznJO;djhka jkafka tl iudc ix;shlu fyda tlu fY@aKsfhys jQ mqoa.,dka;r iy iudc ixia:duh iuznJO;djhkah' wmg iudcfhys jsjsO mqoa.,hka iuz. lghq;` lsrSfuz oS fuls ;sria yd isria iuznJO;djhkaj,g wkqj wm iudch keue;s wm jeksu mqoa.,hskaf.ka iqieos iqjsYd, moaO;sh yd tla jS jsjsO l@shdldruzys fhfokafkda fjuq'42 oKavkh" kS;sh ms<snZo oDIaGs fldaKfhka jsuid ne,Sfuys oS" huzlsis jrola hkak wF:!l:kh lr we;af;a iudcfhys cSj;ajk ishZM fokdf.au iduQysl meje;aug tlZ.Fjhg jsreoaOj hdula fyda tu iduQysl nj LKavkh lsrSug uQ,dY@ iemhSula f,ih' tjsg ta iZoyd m@;slu!h jYfhka kej;;a iudcfhys tlS iduQysl nju we;s fldg th uekjska 201
12.
m@;sIaGdmkhg m;alrjSu msKsi;a"
iduh yd iuZ.sh jrAOkh lrjSu msKsi;a kS;sh keue;s jHia:d moaO;sh wkqj lghq;` lr tu kS;shg wkq.;j tys iZoyka jk mrsoafoka tlS jrog iq|=iq oKavk l@ufjzohla ;`<ska tu jro ksjeros lsrSu msKsi;a" m<s.ekSfuys fpz;kdfjka mrsndysrj wod< pqos;hd flfrys ioaNdjfhka lghq;` ms<sfh< lrkq ,nhs' iudcfhys kS;sh keue;s fmd|= yd iduqysl jHjia:dud<dj ilia jS we;af;a o fulS wruqKq bgqlr.ekSu uZ.ska iudc iduQyslFjh iqrCIs; lr,Su iZoydh' tla tla iudc ixia:d w;r udkqIsluh me;slv Tiafia jsYajikSh id idOdrK .Kqfokqj,g uZ.yir fy<s fmfy<s lr.ekSu wrNhdh' tu ksid kS;sh iEu jsgu irAjidOdrK yd irAj ksrAfodaIs ish,a,ka jsiskau w.hfldg ie,lsh hq;a;lao jkafkah' tfukau kS;sh l@shd;aul jkafka ieu mqoa.,fhl`f.au fm#oa.,sl iudc ;;ajh wkqj fkdj ish,a,kau iudkFjfhka ie,ls,a,g f.kh' tu ksid kS;shg olajk f.#rjh jkdyS yqfola jHjia:d ud<djlg muKla olajk mCImd;SFjhla fkdj iudcfhys fmd|= nj iduQyslFjhg tlZ.Fjhg olajk ie,ls,a,la yd f.#rjhla fjz' iudc taldnoaO;djh rZod meje;au iZoyd fuu lreK w;sYhska jeo.;a fjz'43 kS;sh jkdyS iudcfhys fjfik mqoa.,hska w;r mKjd .kakd ,o fmd|= jHjia:d ud<djls' meKjSuz moaO;shls' fuu jHjia:djka meKjSu fyda ilia lsrSug ;ks mqoa.,fhl`g muKla ksfYaOs; n,hla fkdue;s w;r th iudcfhys wfkl`;a idudcslhka w;r we;s lr.kq ,nk fmd|= tlZ.Fjhla u;" tu tlZ.Fjh iqrCIs; lr.kq iZoydu is|= lr.kq ,nk meKjSulau jsh hq;`h'44 tu meKjsu uZ.ska yqfola iudcfhys fmd|= tlZ.Fjh iqyoFjh us;@Fjh iqrCIs; jsh hq;` w;r fuz ;`<ska lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`g fyda mqoa.,hska lKavdhul rsojSfuz fyda m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdjla fkdjsh hq;`h' fyj;a oafjzIfhka f;drj us;@Fjfhka hq;`j iEu flfkl`g ;j;a mqoa.,fhl` iuZ. lghq;` lsrSfuz yelshdj iqrCIs; lsrSfuz woyiskau jHjia:dj iEu fokd jsiskau wdrCId lsrSug neZoS isgs;s' 202
13.
jrola is|=lrkq ,nkafka
iudc iduQyslFjhg tfrysj nejska oKavkfhys moku jsh hq;af;a mqoa.,fhl`f.ka fyda mqoa., lKavdhfuka m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdfjka fkdjk nejska oKavkfhys wruqK jsh hq;af;a o iudc yd mqoa., m<s.ekSulska f;drj mqoa., yd iudc iduQyslFjh we;s lrjSuhs' fuz fya;`j ksid mqoa.,hd jroska uqojd .ekSu;a" iudch iqrCIs; lsrSu;a hk folu tlajr iq|=iq wdldrfhka m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdfjka f;drj fhdokq ,nk oKavkh ;`<ska wfmaCIs;hs' nq|=rcdKka jykafia ldhsl oKavkfhka neyerj udkisl oKavkh wkqu; lr we;af;a o mqoa.,hd jroska uqojd hym;g .ekSfuz yelshdjla ta ;`< we;s nejsks' udkisl oKavkh l@shd;aul jkafka mqoa.,hd jroska uqqojd Tyqg;a" fiiq iudchg;a" hym;la is|=lr,Sfuz ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj Tiafia nejska th iq|=iq l@ufjzohla f,i ks.ukh l< yelsh'45 fu;a;d ixl,amh Tiafia ish pska;kh fufyhjk mqoa.,hd w;ska ;ukag;a iudchg;a hym;lau muKla Wodfjhs' Wolau ;ud ;`< we;s mqyq|=ka iajNdjh ksidu" yosisfhka we;sjk jsjsO ps;a;fjz.sl is;sjs,s yd iakdhquh wdfjz.hka ksid huz jrolg fyda jroldrS njlg fyda mqoa.,hd fhduq jqj o jyd ;u jro isysjSfuka fyda fjk;a flfkl` jsiska fmkajd fokq ,enSfuka miq Tyqg ksjerosjSug wjldY ie,fikafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ksrka;rfhkau ,enSu ksid Tyq ;`< wNHka;r wys;lr wxYfhys ps;a;fjz.d;aul md,khla f.dvkeZ.S ;snSu;a os.` l,la ;siafia tnZ|= iajlSh md,khlg fu;a is; fmrgq fldgf.k ;@sjsO oajdrfhka lgqhq;` lsrSug mqoa.,hd uekjska yqre mqre|=j isgSu;a ksidh'46 ;ud ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkhjSu lsisfia;a huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` iudch;`< wl@shdldrS WodiSk mqoa.,fhl` njg m;a fkd lrjk w;r iudch ;`< fnfyjska l@shdldrS prs; .;lrkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhka iukajs; is;a we;af;dau fj;s'47 usksia iudchla hkq ksrka;rfhka ir< frALshj ir< iudka;rj yeujsgu .uka lrkakla" jsldYh jkakla fkdfjz' iudch fndfyda ixlSrAK ia:dkhls' tnejska tys iudc iuznJO;djhka o fnfyjska ixlSrAKh fujka ixlSrAK iudc iuznJO;djhka mj;ajd ta ta iudc ixia:dj,g wh;a mqoa.,hka o ir< fkdjQ cSjs; .; lrkakka fj;s'48 fujka ixlSrAK ffoksl cSjk rgdjla .;lrkakg jSu ksid jrA;udkfhys fnfyjska usksiqka ;`< isrefrys ffcjuh wiu;`<s;;djh fya;`fjka yg.efkk fkdfhl`;a ldhsl frda.dndOhka" wOsl f,i udkisl f;fygzgqjg m;ajSu fya;`fjka oevs udkisl wd;;sh ksid yg.kakd udkisl frda.dndOhka yd fud<fhys iakdhq.; frda.dndOhka nyq, f,i jHdma;j we;' tfiau tu ixlSrAK frda.dndOhkag m@;sldr m;d frday,a .;jkakka o nyq,h' fujka iudcfhys mj;sk jsIu ;;ajhka ksid yg.kakd jsjsO ldhsl |=rAj,;djhka yd udkisl wd;;Skaf.ka usksia uki ksrka;rfhka mSvdjg m;ajk nejska fulS frda.dndO iqjlr .ekSu msKsi jrA;udkfhys 203
14.
fndfyda mqoa.,hka YdrSrsl
yd udkisl bys,anjla we;slr .ekSu msKsi ldhsl yd udkisl wNHdi mqyqKq lrjkakd jQ ia:dk lrd fndfyda fia weoS h;s'49 nq|=iuh fmkajd fokq ,nkafka wOsl jev lghq;` j,ska f;dr iqjodhl ieye,a,q nj mqoa., ukig jsfjzlh yd iykYS,;djh f.k fok njhs' tfiau fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu uZ.ska mqoa., uki b;du;a blaukska ieye,a,q yd iqjodhs iajNdjhlg mrsjrA;kh jk wdldrh nq|=iuh uekjska js.@yfldg fmkajhs'50 usksia ukfiys wd;;s iukhg fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu ;ruz ;j;a fjkhuz Tiqjla fkdue;s ;rug tuZ.ska ,efnk mqoa., yd iudc iykYS,;djh buy;ah' fuuZ.ska ,efnk iudc iykYS,;djh fl;ruz o lsjfyd;a fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd flfrys wdlrAIKhla olajkafka yqfola ukqIHhkau muKla fkdj jsjsO ik`ka hCI fm@a; foaj;d yd n@yau jeks fldgzGdY uy;a rdYshla jQ wukqIH fldgia o we;s nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fuhska fmfkkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;dfjka jrA;udkfhys wm is;d isgk iudch jk usksiqkaf.ka muKla iqieos iudchg;a jvd mqZM,a jQ w;sYhskau jsYd,s;j jQ iudc moaO;shla yd ta ;`< jsjsO iudc iuznJOdjhka wka;rA.; ikaksfjzok cd,hla fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu ksrka;rfhkau mqre|= mqyqKq lsrSu ;`< mqoa.,hkayg Wreu jk njhs'51 wm jrA;udkfhys iudch hkakg usksiqkaf.ka muKla iukajs; iudchla wF:! olajkq ,enQj;a nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a wF:!l:kh wkqj iudch fuu usksia iudch blaujd iFjhska wukqIHhska we;`ZMj jsYajSh iudch flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrjd tu jsYajsh iudcfhys usksid jsish hq;af;a fldhs wdldrhlg o yd tu iudcfhys usksid fiiq iFjhska iuZ. iudcuh iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .; hq;af;a yd iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajd.; hq;af;a l`uk mqoa.,hska iuZ. l`ukdldrhg oehs hkdoS jYfhka b;du;a mqZM,a oelaulska hqla;j Wmfoia ,nd oS ;sfnz'52 ta iEu jsgloSu ksrka;rfhkau mqoa.,hd wjfYaI iFjhska iuZ. lghq;` l< hq;af;a fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroersj nj Wkajykafia jsiska wjOdrKh lrkq ,en we;' tjsg usksidg ;uka fkdis;k wdldrhg ;ukag lsisosk msysg fjzhehs fkdis;k jsjsO wukqIH iFj fldgzGdYjs,ska mjd msysg yd wdrCIdj ie,fik nj fuysoS jevs |=rg;a Wkajykafia jsiska meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz' ffu;@sh ish is;a i;kays we;s lr.kakd yd jv jvd;a th jO!kh lrf.k ta wkqj lghq;` lrkakd mqoa.,hd wukqIHhskag mjd m@sh ukdm jk nj yd wukqIHhkaf.ka mjd msysg ie,fik wdldrh b;d m@dfhda.slj Tmamqlr fmkajd oS ;sfnz'53 204
15.
fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroersj
lghq;` lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hkag jsjsO ffcj fldgzGdY w;sYhskau m@shlrk nj o fuu ffcj fldgzGdY w;rg usksidg wu;rj jsjsO ffcj jsfYaIhka o wka;rA.; jk nj o nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska fmkajd oS we;af;a usksid ;`< ;ud yer wfkl`;a iFjhska ms<snZoj lsishuz idkqluzms; oelaula my<jSu uZ.ska usksid iajNdjfhkau us;@YS,S iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajkakd jQ wh njg mrsjrA;kh lsrSu msKsih' wju jYfhka wm cSjSka jYfhka i,lkq ,nk Ydl f,dalh flfrys mjd fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroersj l@shdlrk fuka NsCIqka jykafia,dyg fkdfhl`;a jsg Wmfoia ,nd oS we;s wdldrh wkqj nq|=rdcKka jykafia ieneu mrsirfjzosfhl` jYfhka l@shdldrS jS we;s wdldrh yZ|=kd.; yel'54 wdydr oduhl ksIamdolhd f,i usksid we;`ZM ffcj mrsirh mj;skafka yd rZod mj;skafka Ydl f,dalh mokuz lrf.k nejska usksia l@shdldrluz fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj Ydl f,dalh /l .ekSu iZoyd o jsYd, odhlFjhla iemhsh hq;`h hkak nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a woyi nj fuhska meyeos,sh' iudcfhys;a iudc l@shdldrSFjfhys;a wdruzNl ia:dkh mqoa.,hd yd mqoa., l@shdldrSFjh f,i ms<s.kakd nq|= iuh ksrka;rfhkau mqoa.,.; l@shdldrSFjh wrUhd wkHhka jsIfhys ys;dkqluzmSj lghq;` lsrSu yd wfkHdkH iuQmldr meje;au wkqu; lr we;af;a hym;a mrudorAYS iudc iuznJO;d f.dkeZ.Sfuz oS yd tajd uekjska mj;ajdf.k hefuz oS wkHhkaf.a mqoa., prs; iajNdjh yd wdfjzKsl huz huz .;s isrs;a ksid ps;a; wdfjz.hkag k;`jSu uZ.ska tu iudc iuznJO;djhka nsZoS hEfuys bvlv nyq, nejsks'55 tuZ.ska iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkeZ.Sfuz oS yd meje;ajSfuz oS tla mdrAYpjhla w;ska is|=jk yd is|=jsh yels b;du;au iqZM iqZM wvqmdvqluz fkd i,ld yer wfkla mdrAYpjh foi ohdkqluzmdfjka ne,Sug yelshdj we;s mqoa.,hska fldgzGdYhla nsyslsrSu fuu orAYkfhys moku f,i ie,fla'56 iudc nsZojegSula fyda iudc wr.,hla ksrAudKhjSug;a th jrAOkhjsug;a iudch ;`< tla mqoa., fldgzGdYhla ;j;a mqoa., fldgzGdYhla fm<uska urAOkh lruska Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdisluz N`la;sjsZoSu fya;` idOl fjz' fufia jkqfha n,h ms<snZo we;sjk ;Kaydj fya;`fjka mqoa., whs;sh md.d urd oeuSu ksidh' fuh lsisfia;a fifkyi udkj ohdj uq,afldgf.k is|=jkakd jQ l@shdjla fkdfjz' oafjzI iy.; is;ska l`rsre wdl,amj,ska is|= lrkq ,nkakla jk w;r m@;sM,h ixudc ixia:djka w;r iudc iuznJO;djhka mZM|= jS hEuh' mqoa., yd iudc iuznJO;djhkays f.#rjKSh iajNdjh fifkyi us;@Fjh yd iqrCIs; lsrSug fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d jSu fuz ksid wjYHu jQ fohls'57 fu;a;d ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj is|=lrkq ,nk mqoa., iuznJO;djhla fyda iudc ixjrAOkhla wF:! iuzmkak fkdfjz' fu;a;d ixl,afmys wF:!h rZod mj;skafka o th mqoa., iuznJO;djh blaujd iudc iuznJO;djh lrd fhduq jk wjia:dj ;`< oSh' mqoa., iuznJO;djhkays oS fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d fkdjk njla 205
16.
fuhska woyia fkdfjz'
mqoa., iuznJO;djhkaj, oS Ndjs;d flfrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mgq iajrEmh jk w;r iudc iuznJO;djhka ys oS tys mqZM,a iajrEmh Ndjs;hg .kq ,nhs'58 fu;a;d ixl,amh fnfyjska mqZM,a udkqIsl YlH;djhlska iukajs; ixl,amhla jk w;r m@cdkk" wdfjzok" prAhduh" Z{dk jsNd.Sh yd iudcuh jeks me;slv .Kkdjlska iukajs; jQjls' fuz fya;`j ksidu fu;a;d ixl,amh fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd iudcuh iuznJO;djhka flfrys jevs jYfhka odhlFjhla iemhsh yels yd imhkakd jQ ixl,amhls' i;H jYfhkau iudc iuznJO;d werUSfuz oS f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS jrAOkh lsrSfuz oS mj;ajd .ekSfuz oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys hf:dala; jsjsO me;slv jsjsOdldrfhka odhlFjhla ta msKsi imhkq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk me;slv iudc iuznJO;djhkays wdruzNl ia:dkhhs' uQ<slju usksia ukfiys Wmosk us;@YS,S wdl,am ckkh jkafka yd wjfndaOlr.kq ,nkafka m@cdkkh fya;`fjks' fu;a;d ixl,amh wkHhka flfrys we;slr .ekSu fukau wkH mqoa.,hka ;ud fj; olajk fu;a;d ixl,amh uekjska jgydf.k ta wkqj Tjqkayg m@;spdr oelajSu o is|=lrkq ,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk me;slv iudcuh wxYfhka l@shd;aul jSfuys oSh'59 tfukau uQ<slju ;u isf;ys wkHhka fjkqfjka yg.kq ,enQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ;j ;j;a jO!kh lr .ksuska wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hkafka yd fiiq me;slvjk wdfjzok" prAhduh" Z{dk jsNd. yd iudcuh me;slv Tiafia us;@YS,sFjh jO!kh lr.ekSu Wfoid wod< tla tla me;slv w;r iudfhdack ldrAhNdrh uekjska bgqlrkq ,nkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk me;slv wdOdrfhks'60 wdfjzok me;slv uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjz.YS,S nj fyj;a yeZ.Suz ckkh lsrSufuz yd th biau;` lsrSfuz wjia:dj Wod lrkq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol lrf.k we;sjk wdfjz.hka b;du;au ishquz ugis,sgs wdfjzokhka jk w;r th b;du;au ieye,a,q is; ksjd,k iqZM wdfjzokhka fjz' idudkHhka wm fiiq wdfjzokhka uZ.ska is|=lrkq ,nk Ndjd;aul mCIh l<Uk iqZM iajNdjh fjkqjg fuhska is|=jkqfha is; tlZ. njg m;alsrSu muKs'61 tu yeZ.Suz yd Ndjhka u;`lsrSu WoaoSmkh lsrSu uZ.ska iudcfhys tla tla mqoa.,hka w;r we;sjk Ndjuh ;;ajhka uq,a lr.kakd ,o ifydaord;aul fukau us;@YS,S yeZ.Suz ckkh lrkq ,nhs' ;udg fukau fiiq iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ TzkEu mqoa.,fhl` wrUhd isf;ys ckkh jk m@S;sh yg.ekSu iZoyd fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv mqoa.,fhl`yg uy;a fia Wmldrj;a fjz'62 tla mqoa.,fhl` ;`< uqyqKska isrerska ckkh jk m@shukdm jQ us;@YS,S 206
17.
udkisl wdjzokhka olsk
;j;a mqoa.,fhl`f.a fyda mqoa.,hka msrsilf.a o is;ays tu lreK wrUhd us;@YS,S wdl,am we;sjSug Okd;aul jYfhka we;s iuzNdjs;dj b;du;au wOsl nejz meyeos,sh' iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ wkH mqoa.,hka flfrys us;@YS,S wdfjzok j,ska iukajs;j lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,fhl`f.a isf;ys ;j ;j;a tu is;sjs,s frdamKh jS tu mqoa.,hdf.a muKla fkdj Tyq iuZ. lghq;` lrk fiiq whf.a o is;a i;ka ksjS iekyS hkafka fndfyda ieye,a,q wdldrfhka jSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@n,Fjh fudkjg biau;`fldg fmkajk wjia:djls'63 fN#;sl jYfhka .;al< mqoa.,hdf.a isrefrys fydafudak ls@hdldrSFjh hym;a w;g mrsjrA;khjSug;a f,a Od;`j mjs;@jSug;a udkisl yd ldhsl kSfrda.S;djh yg .ekSug;a us;@YS,S wdfjzok j,ska iukajs;j ish ffoksl osjs fmfj; .;lsrSu yd iudchSh lghq;`j, ksr;jSu uy;a msgsjy,la jk nejz fmkajd osh yelsh'64 iudc cSjs;fhys uy;a fia WmldrSjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys fiiq me;slvla kuz prAhduh me;slvhs' wkHhkayg WmldrlsrSu" jsmf;ys oS ;ukag jsm;la meusKshd fia is;d thg msysgjSu" jeks foa uZ.ska ndysrj iudch iuZ. fN#;slj lghq;` lsrSu fuhg we;`<;a fjz' fu;a;d ixla,mh mdol lrf.k iudcYS,SNdjhg meusfKk mqoa.,hd m@cdkk me;slfvka ixl,am .ukdruzNj wdjzok me;slv ;`< .ukalr f;jk woshr f,i .uka lrkakd jQ osYdk;sh prAhduh me;slv uZ.ska uQrA;su;a flfrA' fu;a;d ixla,mfhys prAhduh me;slv ;`<ska iudc iuznJO;d werUSu" mj;ajdf.k hdug fm<fUk mqoa.,hdf.a mqjsfYaIs;djh jkqfha ieu jsgloSu us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska iukajs;j ;udf.a yeisrSuz rgdj wkHhkaf.a is;a fkdrsfok mrsos f.dvkZ.d .ekSug tu mqoa.,hka ;`< mj;sk iqjsYd, oCI;djhhs'65 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Z{dk jsNd.Sh me;slv uZ.ska mqoa.,hdf.a iudc iuznJO;djhkays oS tlS mqoa., udkisl iajNdjh ljrdldrfhka nqoaOsuh odhlFjhla iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkeZ.Su yd f.dvkZ.d .kq ,enQ iudc iuznJO;djhka uekjska mj;ajdf.k hEu msKsi ,ndfokafkaoehs jsuid ne,Su is|=lrkq ,nhs' lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` yqol,dj jikafka kuz fyda tlS mqoa.,hd iudchla ;`< iudc iuznJO;d fkdm;ajhs kuz tlS mqoa.,hdf.a nqoaOsuh mCIh ms<snZoj t;ruz |=rglg jsuid l@shdlsrSu wjYH fkdjk lreKls' ukao yqfola TzkEu iFjfhl`f.a uQ<sl wjYH;d wju jYfhka ix;Dma; lsrSu iZoyd wjYHjk Z{dk jsNd. ixorANhla muKla wejeisjk ;;ajhla ;`< thg jvd nqoaOsuh ixorANhla mej;su fyda fkdmej;su iudchg fyj;a wkH mqoa.,hkayg .egZMjla fkdjkakd jq fm#oa.,sl jq lreKla 207
18.
jk nejsks' kuq;a
Z{dk jsNd.h iuznJOfhka iudch mCIh js.@ylr ne,Sfuz oS yqfola ;ks mqoa.,fhl`f.a wjYH;djhka blaujd .sh iudcuh wjYH;djhka uekjska ix;Dma; lsrSu msKsi ,ndfok nqoaOsuh odhlFjh ms<snZoj jsurAYkh lsrSug wjYH fjz'66 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh me;slv ielfikafka fulS ishZM me;slvj, odhlFjh ,enSu fya;`fjka iudc moaO;sfhys taldnoaO;djh uekjska mj;ajdf.k hEu flfrys fldmuK Wmfhda.S;djhla olajkjdo hk lreK flaJ|@fldg f.khs' fu;a;d ixl,amh fndfydafldgu iudc me;slv fnfyjska jsoHudk ixl,amhls' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` yqol,dj fjfikjdg jvd iudch iuZ. iyfhda.fhka lghq;` lsrSfuz oS us;@YS,S wdl,am we;slr.ekSu w;HjYHh' tnejska ksrdifhkau mqoa.,hd us;@YS,Sj iyfhda.fhka lghq;` lsrSfuz oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudc me;slv m@fhda.slj l@shdjg kZ.kafka fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wjidk ksIaGdj jkqfha o fulS iudcuh me;slvu fjz' fuys woyi mqoa.,fhl` ;udyg muKla fkdj iudchg;a jevodhl mqoa.,fhl` njg mrsjrA;kh jSuhs'67 mqoa.,hd ;`< ksirA. jYfhkau mj;skakd jQ wd;audrA:lduS iajNdjh myj hkafka o fulS iudc me;slv Tyq ;`< udkjska jO!kh jSfuys oSh' ;ud;a wkH mqoa.,hkq;a w;r is;ska we;slr f.k isgskakd jQ iSud iuzfNaoh is;ska |=rej hkqfha o wd;audrA:lduS iajNdjh wvq jQ ;rugh' wd;audrA:h ;uka yd wkqka w;r jsYd, udkisl mjqrla we;s lrjkq ,nhs' fuz mjqr nsZo oefukqfha jv jvd;a jOkh lr.kq ,enQ fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.sks' lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` b;d fydZo iudcYS,s osjs fmfj;la .; lrkq ,nkafka tu mqoa.,hdf.a isf;ys wd;audrA:lduS is;sjs,s fkdue;s jk ;rug fu;a;d ixl,amh jO!kh jS we;s jsg muKs' fu;a;d ixl,amh mqoa.,fhl` iudc cSjs;h hym;aj .; lsrSu msKsi fm<fUk yqre lrjk ixl,amhls' fiiq idrOrAu! w;rska fu;a;d ixl,amhg iqjsfYaIs ia:dkhla jeo.;alula ,efnkafka fiiq idrOrAu! wF:!j;a jkafka fu;a;d ixla,m mqoa., uki ;`< l@shdldrS jkafka kuz muKla nejsks' mrs;Hd.h .;fyd;a fjkhuz flfkl`yg hula mrs;Hd. lsrSfuz is;la bmfokafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksidh' wkHhka fj; fjkhuz fyda lsis|= Wmldrhla lsrSu msKsi lsishuz fyda mqoa.,fhl` fm<fukafka tu mqoa.,hdf.a isf;ys wkHhka ms<snZo us;@YS,S wdl,am yg.kakd nejsks' fuz fya;`j ksid idrOrAu! isf;ys yg.ekajSug fu;a;d ixl,amfhys l@shdldrSFjh b;du;a il@Sh f,i wjYH jkjd muKla fkdj fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys mQrAjx.u jYfhka yg.ekSug o fuz wkqj iduQysl meje;au fya;`jk nj meyeos,sj oelajsh yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc cSjs;fhys oS;a mqoa.,sl cSjs;fhys oS;a tl yd iudkj mqoa.,hdyg jeo.;a jkafka ukaoehs fidhd ne,Sfuz oS th ;uka yd fiiq wh w;r we;s lr.kq ,nk tla;rd wdldrhl woDIHudk .sjsiqula jeks fohla l@shd;aul jSu ksid nj fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIhg ,la jQ mqoa.,hdg jegyS hd yelsh' thg fya;`j kuz i;Hh jYfhkau iudch yd mqoa.,hd w;r fmd|= tlZ.Fjhla we;sjSu u; idOkSh udkisl iuznJO;djhka us;@Fjh Tiafia yg.eksuhs'68 fuu udkisl iuznJO;djh yg.efkkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh 208
19.
l@shd;aul jk fudfydf;ys
oS tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a udkisl iajNdjh fu;a;d ixla,mh Tiafia lsishuz tlZ.Fjhlg meusKSu ksidh' fyj;a us;@YS,S wdl,am" us;@YS,S yeZ.Suz yd us;@YS,S prAhd rgdjka ksid iEu mqoa.,fhl`gu ;uka wkH mqoa.,hd hkqfjka ndysr f,dalh is;ska f.dvkZ.d f.k ;sfnk mjqr us;Hdjla nj jegfykakg mgka .kS' us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska iukajs; tl ndysr iudc moaO;shla jqj o yZ.skq ,nkafka ;uka fjka fjka mqoa.,hska rdYshla jYfhka fkdj tla mqoa.,fhl` jYfhks' fuh iudcuh taldnoaO;djfhys wdruzNl wjia:dj jYfhka o yZ|=kajd osh yelsh' fujka iudcuh taldnoaO;djh uZ.ska ukd uki YsCIKh lr.kq ,nk mqoa.,hska lKavdhula yqfola l@shd;aul jkafka o ;ks ;ks mqoa.,hska jYfhka fkdj iduQysl pska;khlska iukajs; tla ;ks mqoa.,fhl` jYfhks'69 i;H jYfhkau iudcuh talShFjfhys uq,au w;a;sjdru jefgkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh mqoa., ps;a; wNHka;rhg m@fjzYj tys ;ekam;aj mqoa., l@shdldrSFjh iudc iuznJO;d meje;ajSu Tiafia tys l@shdldrSFjhg iudc foayh k;`jSu;a iu.uh' mqoa., l@shdldrSjfhys yd iudcuh ls@hdldrSFjfhys tald;ausljSu ke;fyd;a tlajSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmrsu iudc M,h f,i iudc jsoHdZ{hska jsiska yZ|=kdf.k ;sfnz' usksid iajNdjfhkau iudcSh iFjfhls' iudc cSjs;hg iy iudcYS,SNdjhg Wm;skau usksid ,eoshdj olajkafkls' th Tyqqf.a iychhs' huz flfkl` wmrdOhla l< jsg kS;s bosrsfhys jrolrefjl` jk nj Tmamq jQ jsg Tyq isr.; lsrSu hkqfjka is|=lrkakd jQ l@shdj<sfhys mku jkqfha Tyqg oZvqjula jYfhka wjfYaI iudcfhka fjkafldg ;enSuh' fuh Tyqg YdrSrsl fukau udkisl o oKavkhls' fuuZ.ska Tyqg ;udf.a wjfndaO fldgf.k bka ksjeros ms<sfj;g meusKSu wod< oZvqjuz ,ndoSfuz mrudrA:hhs' boska usksid ;`< iudchSh iFjfhl` jYfhka osjs f.jSfuz iych ke;fyd;a iycdYdj fkd;snqfka jS kuz" Tyq isr.; fldg ;enSu uZ.ska Tyqg ovqjuz ,ndoSu f;areula fkdue;s l@shdjla njg m;a fjz' ta Tyq jvd leu;s" m@sh lrk fohska fjka lsrSu uZ.ska Tyqg ldhsl yd udkisl wmyiq njla cks; lrjSuhs' huz fyhlska usksid iudchSh iFjfhl` fkdjqkd kuz iycfhkau yqol,dj m@sh lrkafkl` jS kuz tjsg by; olajk ,o ovqju ;j|=rg;a oKavkhla fkdj wdYsrAjdohla njg bfnzu mrsjrA;kh fjz' kuq;a h:d iajNdjh th fkdjk nj wms oksuq' boska usksidf.a o iycdYdj wkH mqoa.,hka iu. iyfhda.fhka iycSjkfhka iuQmldrfhka l@shdlsrSu kuz ta us;@YS,S nj we;s lsrSu msKsi lsishuz iychla o ksrdhdifhka Tyq ;`< f.dvkeZ.S ;snsh hq;`uh' fuz iych kuz fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' ienjskau fu;a;d ixl,amh neyerska usksia is;a i;ka ;`<g m@fjzY lr.kq ,nkakla fkdj th ksrdhdifhkau ujzl`i ;`< oSu iycfhkau wdfjzKsfhkau usksidg o fiiq iFj jsfYaIhkag o Wreu jkakla f,i fmkajd osh yelsh' usksid fukau fiiq iFj jsfYaIhka o iajNdjfhkau ke;sj yqol,dj yeisrSug jvd rxpq jYfhka .ejiSug jevs ukdmhla olaj;s' fuhg fya;` jYfhka iZoyka l< yelafla Tjqkaf.a wdrCIdjg ksrdhdifhkau Tjqka ;`< iycfhkau u;`jk iychka f,isks' th ffcj jsoHd;aulj iFj jsfYaIhkaf.a bosrs meje;au iqrCIs; lsrSu iZoyd ksrdhdifhkau mejf;uska tk iyc cdkuh jQ ,CIKhls' usksid o iFj jsfYaIhlg wh;a cSjsfhl` jk nejska fuu ,CIKh usksidg o Wreuh' wE; w;S;fha 209
20.
isgu usksia ckdjdi
uq,skau nsys jQ od isg usksid yqre mqre|= jQfha yqol,dj cSj;ajSug fkdj iuQy jYfhka lKavdhuz jYfhka osjs f.jSugh' ixpdrl hq.fha oS mjd usksiqka lKavdhuz jYfhka rglska rglg m<d;lska m<d;lg iuzfm@aIKh jkakg yqre mqre|= jS isgs njg mqrd jsoHd;aul idOl wo mjd jsoHudkh' jsfYaIfhkau f,dal YsIaGdpdrfhys jsjsO ck lKavdhuz fndfyda wE; w;S;fha oS tlu ck lKavdhulska mej; js;a jsjsO rgj, wdfjzKsl iajNdjsl mrsir ;;ajhkag ukdj wkq.; jSfuka miq Tjqka w;r jrA;udkfhys jsoHdudk fN#;sl jsjsO;djhka yg.;a nj udkj jsoHdZ{hska jsiska ffcj jsoHd;aul idOl iys;j fmkajd oS we;' rglska rglg k.rfhka k.rhlg m<d;lska m<d;lg usksiqka YsIaGdpdrfha tla;rd hq.hl oS ixl@uKh fjuska yqfola ixpdrl hq.hla .; lroaoS jqj;a usksiqkaf.a iduQysl yeisrSfuz iychka fkdfjkiaj mejf;uska ;snsKs' usksid l@ufhka YsIaGFjfhka ixjO!khg m;afj;au udkisl mCIfhka b;du;a by< nqoaOsuh mrsmdlhg .uka .ks;au Tyq ;`< uQ<slj mejf;uska meusKs iyfhda.S;djh oshqKq ;,hlg m;ajSfuz m@jK;djhla we;sjSu udkj wjYH;djhla njg ksrdhdifhkau m;ajsKs' usksid fN#;sl jYfhka ixjrAOkfha by<u ;,h lrd iuzm@dma; njska isgsh o Tyq jsiska wfmaCIs; wdOHd;ausl ixjrAOkfha m@;sM, ;ju ,nd fkdisgsk fihla Tyqf.a jrA;udk prAhd rgd wOHhk lrk l, fmkS hhs' ndysrska ixjrAOkfhys m@;sM, iamrAY l< o ta yd iudkju ukiska wdOHd;ausl ;;ajfha wfmaCIs; ksIaGdjg meusKSug mqoa.,hd wfmdfydi;ajSu iudcfha oejeka; lvd jegSug uQ<slju fya;`jhs'70 mqoa.,hd ;`< n,mj;ajk Tyqf.a wdOHd;ausl ;,h ls,sgs lrk huz huz Ou!;djhkag Tyq ksrdhdifhkau k;`jSu fya;`fjka yd tu ;;ajhkag Yla;su;aj uqyqK oSug ;ruz Tyqf.a wdOHd;auh Yla;su;a fkdjSu fya;`fjka jrA;udk usksid iudc mrsydkshg m;aj isgshs' BrAIHdj" ffjrh" fl@daOh yd m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdj hk iDKd;aul ixl,amhkaf.a fm<UjSu ksid usksidf.a wdOHd;auh wfmaCIs; idrOrAu! ksIaGdjg meusKSug wfmdfydi;aj we;' fuz fya;`j ksid iudc ixia:d w;r wiu.sh jO!kh fjuska mj;S'71 iudc ixia:d tlska tl lvd jegSug mgka f.k we;' fu;a;d ixl,amh fulS wdOHd;ausl ;;ajh kZ.d isgqjSug .; yels fydZou jsiZ|=uhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enz jkqfha mqoa., .; |=l fukau iudc.; |=l o ix;Dma; lrk wdldrfha b;d oejeka; udkisl bys,a njls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ish cSjs;hg <Z.d lr.eksu uZ.ska mqoa., fm#reIFjh f.dvkZ.d .ekSug wjYH bvkv iemsfrkjd muKla fkdj iudc.; fm#reIFjh jrAOkh lr .ekSug o fuhska wjldY ie,fia' mqoa.,.; fukau iudc.; oshqKqj i,id .ekSu msKsi fu;a;d ixl,amfhys odhlFjh b;d uy;ah' wkHhkaf.a oshqKqj oel th fu;a is;ska bjiSug bka ;u is;g o i;`gla Wmojd .ekSug o wkHhka yd wkjYH f,i ;rZ.ldrS osjs fmfj;lg fkdf.dia ;ukag ;sfnk m@udKfhka iEySulg m;a jS osjs f.jSug wjYH udkisl jd;djrKh ilia lr fokq ,nkafka 210
21.
fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' iaj,amfhka
iEySug m;ajSu yd ;ukag ;sfnk m@udKfhka iekiSu hym;a iudc iuznJO;djhla f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS yd f.dvkZ.d .kakd ,o iudc iuznJO;djhka mj;ajdf.k hEfuys oS w;sYhskau jeo.;ajk isoaOdka;hls' ieye,a,q osjsfmfj;la .; lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hdg bka w;am;a jk ldhsl yd udkisl iqjh yereKq jg iudcuh jYfhka thska ,efnk iykYS,S cSjk rgdj ;`< ;rZ.ldrS nj ksid mek kZ.sk whym;a jsIu iudcuh .egZMj,ska usksid uqojd ,kq ,nhs' fndfyda jsg .egZM mek kZ.skq ,nkafka;a" huz huz mSvdldrS ;;ajhkayg mqoa.,hskayg uqyqK mEug is|= jkafka;a ;rZ.ldrS nj ksid mek kZ.sk n,h flfia w;am;a lr.kafkaoehs ta ms<snZo we;s jkakd jQ iSudka;sl wjYH;djh usksia iudchg oefkkakgjSfuz oS yd tfia oekqkq jqukdj u; usksiqka ;ud iuZ. isgskakd jQ wkH mqoa.,hka iuZ. lghq;` lrkakg yd jsjsO iudc iuznJO;d meje;ajSug hdfuzoS;a h' jsfYaIfhkau iudc iuznJO;djhka meje;ajSfuz oS th ksis whqrska j.lSulska iys;j yd jsOsu;a whqrska is|= lsrSu iudc moaO;shg wh;a iEu mqoa.,fhl`f.au j.lSu yd hq;`lu fjz' fuu hq;`lu yd j.lsu ksis wdldrfhka bgq lsrSug kuz iEu mqoa.,fhl`u wkH mqoa.,hka iuZ. b;du;a iyfhda.fhka iqyoYS,Sj lghq;` lsrSu jeo.;ah' iudchla ;`< iuQmldr meje;au fydZoska is|= jkqfha us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska huzlsis iudc moaO;shla iukajs;j we;s jsgloSh'72 iudc osjsfha oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys olakg ,efnk iqjsfYaIS;djh Tyqf.a th ixl,amSh ;,h blaujd m@dfhda.sl ;,hg meusKSuhs' fndfyda ixl,am wdl,amuh ;,fhys oS idrA:l jqj;a" m@fhda.sl ;,fhys oS widrA:l jkqfha tajdfhys lsis|= m@dfhda.sl iajrEmhla .enz fkdjSu ksidhs' kuq;a fuz w;ska fu;a;d ixl,am tys wdl,amuh ;,hg yd iudkju jeo.;a lula m@fhda.sl ;,fhys o fmkajk nejska iudc osjsfhys oS b;d iqjsYd, jeo.;a lula Wreulr .kshs' iyfhda.S;djh yd wkHhka fj; Wmldr lsrSu iudc.; osjsfhys oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@fhda.sl mCIh f,i jsoHudk jk fohhs' fuz Tiafia iudcfhys TzkEu mqoa.,fhl`f.a is; oskd .ekSug;a" wkHhka w;r lemS fmkSug;a" wjldY ie,fia' mQK! kuHYS,S osjs fmfj;la .;lrk iudc fiajlfhl`g uqo,la f.jdj;a ,nd .; fkdyels m@isoaOsh yd wkHhkaf.a is;a oskd .ekSu fuz uZ.ska ksrdhdifhka ,efnz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ksrdhdifhkau .enz jk w;sYhskau m@fhda.sl iajNdjh th fkdfhla ldrAhhka iZoyd odhl lr.ekSfuz oS w;sYhskau jeo.;a fjz' tfukau jsjsOdldrfha mqoa.,hka wjk; lr.ekSfuz uy;a n,hla o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; fjz' idudkHfhka iudc ixia:djkays fukau iudch ;`< l@shd;aul jkakd jQ l`vd iuQy jk wdh;k yd mqoa., lKavdhuz ;`< iuZ.sh yd l@shdldrSFjh jO!kh lsrSu wrnhd o fu;a;d ixl,amh fnfyjska Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs' l<uKdlrk fCIa;@fhys oS fndfyda jsg jsjsO jD;a;slhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys w.h olshs' mqoa.,hka Tjqkaf.a oCI;dj,g wkq.; jk mrsos jsjsO ldrAhhkays ksr; lrjSu ioyd;a" Tjqkaj ukdj yeisrjSu msKsi;a jrA;udkfhys fu;a;d ixl,amh l<uKdlrk l@shdj<sh idrA:lj yiqrjd,Su iZoyd odhl lr .kshs' 211
22.
mqrdKfhys f.@da;sl iudc
nsysj ;snq hq.fhys mgka kQ;kfhys iduQysl cSjk rgdj olajd iEu ukqIHfhl`f.au ffoksl osjs fmfj; yd fu;a;d ixl,amh b;du;au mq|=udldr f,iska yd jsYajikShFjhlska neZoS we;' tl w;lska th idudkH ukqIH iajNdjh blaujd foajFjh lrd md ;nk ysksuZ.la jeksh' fN#;sl oshqKq jk ;rugu usksid wNHka;rfhka rZM fkdjkafka kuz fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska fcj jsoHd;aulj ksrdhdifhka Tyqf.a yoj; mqnq|= lrjk ukqIHFjfhys mdvu ijka fkdoS isgSug Tyqg lsis|= wjldYhla uska fkdie,fia' neyerska ,efnk iudcuh iuzmrAlh ksid u;`jk wd.ka;`l ixl,amj,ska usksia uki ls,sgs fkdjkakg usksia ukfiys h:drA:h mru mjs;@ jQ fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuhg fydZou ksoiqkla kuz l`vd jsfhys bkakd <orejdhs' <orejkaf.a is;a ixfjzoS nejska yd jevsysgs is;a ;ruz wmjs;@ jS fkdue;s nejska <orejkaf.a f,dalh jevsysgshkaf.a f,dalh ;ruz oafjzIfhka msrS fkd mj;shs' jsfYaIfhkau l`vd orejka b;du;a us;@YS,S nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' th jevsysgshka mjd ,ecAcdfjka yl`ZMjk iqZMh' wOHdmk jsoHdfjz mqfrda.dushka m@lg wOHdmkZ{hska mjd mjid we;af;a jevysgshka jQ wmg l`vd orejkaf.ka bf.k .; yels jgskd mdvuz mj;sk njhs' ,ud f,dj jevsysgs f,djg jvd iqkaor jkafka tys oafjzIh" fl@daOh yd m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdj fkdue;s nejsks' wjdikdj jkqfha l@u l@ufhka <orejd jshm;a jS jevsysgs f,djg mshjr ;n;au" jevsysgs f,dalfhys ffkirA.sl .;s ,CIK f,iska yZ|=kd .kakd ,o oafjzI" fl@daO yd jsysxid ixl,amj,g yqremqre|= j Tyq o iDKd;aul is;sjs,sj, fldaIaGd.drhla njg mrsjrA;kh jSuh' lsis|= fya;`jla ksid iudcuh osjsfhys oS fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd oafjzIh" fl@daOh yd jsysxidj jsoHd;aul pska;kh wkqj w;am;a lr.kafka b;du;au my< pska;duh yd udkisl ia:rhls' tlS wdfjzokhkaf.ka uqim;aj is|=lrkq ,nk l@shdjka we;euzjsgl oS pdrs;@ jdrs;@" idrOrAu!" wdpdrOu! yd iodpdrd;aul fkdjkakd jQ l@shdjl iajrEmh blaujd f.dia wmrdOhla kdufhka .efkk nrm;, is|=jSuz olajd .uka lrjk ;rug tys m@;sjsmdl nsysiqKqh' fujka nsysiqKq is|=jSuz ksrka;rfhka isrs;la f,i is|=jk iudc ugzgul jrA;udkfhys usksia iudch miqjSu ;`< jrA;udkfhys iudc iuznJO;dj, iajrEmh fl;ruz msrsyS f.dia we;aoehs hkak fijSug fuhg jvd fydZo ksrAKdhlhla ;j;a fkdue;s ;ruzh' oshqKq hehs wmg fkdfhla jr weZ.s,af,ka wek ;ukaf.a ndysr ixjrAOkh usksia YsIaGdpdrfhys m@drm@dma; oshqKqj f,i yd tlu ksrAKdhlh jYfhka yqjd olajk fN#;sl jYfhka oshqKq rgj,ska jdrA;djk tnZ|= wmrdO yd is|=jSuz foi wjOdkh fhduq lrk jsg ienjskau Tjqka jsiska wmyg fmkajd fokq ,nk oshqKqj mj;akafka ld iZoyd o hk meKh ksrdhdifhkau keZ.sug wmg is|= fjz' usksia iudch Wkqka yd .kqfokq lrk iajrEmh fuz id my;a ugzgulg jegS we;akuz ksrka;rfhkau ;srsika.; iFjhkaf.a yeisrSuz isyshg kxjhs kuz ienjskau fN#;sl oshqfjys we;s m@;sM,h wod< lr.kq ,nkafka ljqreka jsiska l`ula iZoyd oehs hk .egZMj kej; kej;;a meK kZ.shs' usksidf.a oshqKqj usksid iZoydu kuz ukqIHFjhg tfrysj hkakd jQ fujka ieyeis yd nrm;, ysxidldrS ;;ajhla mek fkdkZ.skq we;' usksiqka tlsfkld flfrys ksrdhdifhkau yg.kakd jQ us;@YS,SFjh mdol fldg.;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla;j jdih lrkq we;' kuq;a ksrAKdlh f,i Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk rgj, iudc w.h fufia kuz tu iudc moaO;Ska ;`< fu;a;d 212
23.
ixl,amh mj;S fyda
fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jsug iq|=iq mrsirhla iliaj we;soehs jgyd .ekSug wiSre fkdfjz' tnejska fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fkdjkakd fyda l@shd;auljSfuz wjYH bvlv uqZMukskau weysrekd jQ ffjrfhka fl@daOfhka |+Is;j .sh iudchla ixjrAOkh uek ne,Sfuz tlu ksrAKdhlh f,i Ndjs;d lsrSu b;du;au wufkda{ jQjla nj jegyS hhs' iudcfhys hy meje;au iZoyd usksia ufkda uQ<hka b;du;au ishquzj .fjzIKh lsrSfuz oS usksid i;` iychla jk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh .;s ,CIK ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu jeo.;a f,i fmfka' fu;a;d ixl,amh wdl,amhla jYfhka o wdfjzokhla jYfhka o prAhd rgdjla jYfhka o f.k lreKq js.@y lsrSu wOHdmk jsoHdZ{hska jsiska ksrka;rfhka is|=lrkq ,nk l@shd mgsmdgshls' wOHdmk jsoHd oDIaGs fldaKfhka jsYaf,aIKh lrk jsg" mqoa., prAhdjka uZ.ska m@lg flfrkakd jQ usksia .;s ,CIK ms<snZo t<fUkq ,nkakd jQ wOHdmk jsoHd;aul js.@yhka yd tuZ.ska is|=jk wOHdmk" wOHhk ldrAhNdrh idrA:l lr.; yels wkaofuz hym;a Okd;aul l@ufjzohka ms<snZo ie,iquz iuzmdokh lsrSfuka tu ldrAhNdrh b;du;au idrA:l f,i iudc.; l< yels hehs wOHdmkZ{fhda l,amkd lr;s' ck ikaksfjzokh uZ.ska is|= flfrkakd jQ f;dr;`re iuzmdok ldrAhfhys oS mjd buy;a fia bjy,a lr.; yels uQf,damdhhka wOHdmk jsoHd isoaOdka;hkays wka;rA.;h' hf:dla; ldrAhfhys ksrka;rfhka fhoS isgskakd jQ ck udOHfjzoSka ish ldrAhNdrh uekjska yiqrjd,Su msKsi fnfyjska bjy,a lr.kq ,nkqfha fujeks ffikaOdka;sl lreKqh' tfukau Tjqkayg tys we;s jeo.;alu o wjsjdos;h' tys h:drA:h jkqfha iudch ;`< fjfikakd jQ wkH mqoa.,hka iuZ. ksrka;rfhka ixjdofhys fhfokakg yd NdIK l@shdj<sfhys ksr;jSu msKsi mQrAj iQodkula jYfhka Tjqkaf.a prAhd rgdjka flf,i ilia jS we;aoehs wOHhkh lsrSu miq ld,Skj is|= lrkq ,nk ck ikaksfjzok lghq;a; iZoyd myiqjla jk nejsks'73 tfukau ck ikaksfjzokh o jsoHd;aul mokula u; f.dvkZ.d we;s jsoHdkQl~, pska;khla nejska jsoHd;aul jsOsl@uhkag wkql~,j mqoa.,dka;r ikaksfjzokh idrA:lj is|=l< yels jkafka mqoa., lKavdhuz us;@YS,s wdl,amj,ska iukajs; jQ l< nj fuys uQ<OrAu w;r jeo.;a ia:dkhla ia:dkhla .kakd m@Odk;u uQ<OrAuh fjz'74 usksiqka w;r huz huz iudc ;;ajhka uZ.ska mr;rhla ;ndf.k hym;a ikaksfjzolfhl` f,i yDohdx.u f,i ck ikaksfjzok ldrAhNdrfhys ksr;jsh fkdyels w;r yels;dla mqoa.,hd fj;g iuSm jQ ;rugu ck ikaksfjzok ldrAhNdrh jvd;a iM,odhl fohla njg m;a lr.; yelsh hkak fuhska lshfjz'75 213
24.
usksiqka yd Tjqkaf.a
weoys,s yd jsYajdi ms<snZo wOHhkhkays oS jsfYaIfhkau ;`<kd;aul ixialD;sl wOHhkhkays oS usksiqka w;r tlsfkld w;r neZo ;nd .kakd iudcuh ue,shula f,i o fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d jk nejska fuys iudcuh ldrAhNdrfhys oS mqoa.,hka w;r iqyonj jO!kh lsrSfuys ,d is|= lrkakd jQ ldrAhNdrh ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjl wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu w;sYhskau jeo.;ah' usksia jsYajdihka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,enSu ksid mqoa.,fhla ;j;a mqoa.,fhl`g fyda mqoa., fldgzGdYhlg wdlrAYkh fjz' fuh isoaOdka;hla jYfhka i;Hjk lreKls' m@fhda.slj ksrSCIKh fldg ne,Q l, o by; lS ks.ukh yd tlZ.jSug wjldY ie,fikq we;' jrA;udkfhys fukau YsIaGdpdrfhys b;du;au we; hq.j, oS mjd usksia l@shdldrSFjh fu;a;d ixl,amh weiqrska fmdaIK jQ njg idOl iemfha' b;d we; w;S;fha oS f.da;@sl iudc i;`j lsishuz wd.usl ixfla;hla uZ.ska tlS f.da;@fhys ishZMu idudcslhka tlg neZo ;nd .kakd ,oS' ta iZoyd tla tla f.da;@fhys idudcslhka w;r taldnoaO;djh uekjska mj;ajd .ekSu msKsi ta tla tla f.da;@hgu wkHkH jqKq wd.usl ixfla;hka" foaj ixl,amhka yd wNspdr jsOSka ksrAudKh jsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iuznJO wd.usl woyia iy wNspdr jsOSka wdruzN jQfha;a" l@udkQl~,j jrAOkh jkakg jQfha;a" tla tla mqoa.,hd w;r mej;sh hq;` jQ iudc iuznJO;dfjz udkqIsl iajrEmh yd wksjdrAhh;djh wE; w;S;fhys jsiQ usksia iudch mjd ms<sf.k ;snQ nejsks' jrA;udkfhys iudch Tjqka jsiska w;am;a lr.kakd ,o fN#;sl oshqKqjg idfmaCIlj bosrshg hd hq;` jqj;a" uq,a hq.fhys mej;s iudc iuznJO;d mjd jrA;udk hq.h jk jsg msrsyS f.dia" nsZo jegS we;af;a wiSus;j kQ;k usksid fm<fUk fl@daOh yd oafjzIh hk Ndjd;aul ixl,amhkays wdNdIhg k;`jSu ksidh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh Ndjs;dfjz we;s wfkla wka;h jkqfha usksia iudch ksrdhdifhkau iyfhda.S iuznJO;djhka mj;ajkafka kuz Tjqka w;r iudc iuznJOdjhka ms<snZo jQ .egZM wju kuz tlS iudcfhys jdih lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hka o ksrdhdifhkau fu;a;d ixl,amh Tiafia iajlSh pska;kh fufyhjSug W;aiy lrkqfha ish iudc iuznJO;djhka uekjska mj;ajd .ekSu flfrys Tjqka olajk repsh ksidh' tfukau iudc iuznJO;djhkag tla jk kj idudcslhka o ish merKs idudcslhkaj wkq.ukh lruska ;uka jsiska o fu;a;d ixl,amh uekjska Ndjs;d lsrSug fydZoska yqre mqre|= fjz' kuq;a fulS lreK jrA;udkfhys oS ta wdldrfhau l@shd;aul fkdfjz' ta fjkqjg mqoa.,hd bosrsfhys we;af;a ;ukag fkdue;s iem jsyrK wkHhska jsiska mrsyrKh lrkq n,uska Wkqka flfrys BrAIHdj nyq, fpz;kdfjka hqla;j iudc iuznJO;djhka f.dvkZ.d .kakd yd mj;ajkakd jQ mqoa.,hka iukajs; jQ oaafjzIfhka |+Is; jQ fuz iudc moaO;shhs' fuz iudc moaO;shg wh;ajk iudc ixia:d iEu tllau mdfya fuz fya;`j ksid jrA;udk hq.h jk jsg" oreKq nsZo jegsulg ,laj iudc iuznJO;d jskdY jS f.dia we;' oshqKqfjys tlu yd wjidk ksrAKdhlh usksid jsiska w;am;a lr.kakd ,o fN#;sl ixjrAOkh f,i ie,lSu ksid jrA;udk iduch fufia fuz wdldrfhka 214
25.
oreKq lvd jegSulg
yd uy;a iudcuh mrsydkshlg m;aj we;' ta ksid fuz iudcfhys fjfikakka osjs f.jkqfha b;du;au oevs wiykfhka l< lsrSfuka yd |=llsks' fuz fya;`j ksid jrA;udkfhys fndfyda fokd w;r wOsl reOsr mSvkh" oshjevshdj" ixlSrAK yDo frda." jsjsO iakdhq wdndO yd oreKq udkisl frda. ;;ajhka jrAOkhjSfuz iuzNdjs;dj wOsl jS ;sfnz' fuz whqrska mqo., ldhsl yd udkisl ;;ajh msrsyS hdug oafjzI uQ<slj lghq;` lrk" iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajk jrA;udk usksia l@shdldrSFjhu m@Odk fya;`jla jS ;sfnz'76 idudkHfhka usksia l@shdldrluz yeisrSuz ksrdhdifhkau md,khlska f;drj .,dhdug wjYHlrk bvlv ie,eiajqjfyd;a" th iudkHfhka ukqIHFjh jO!kh lrkakd jQ osYdjg fkdj ukqIHFjfhka o my< ;srsika iFj ugzgu olajd l@shd;auljSfuz iuzNdjs;djla jsoHudk fjz' kuq;a usksid nqoaOsuh w;ska wiia udkisl ugzgula yd oshqKq ixialD;sl mrsirhla Wreu lr.kq ,enQ iFj fldgzGdYhls' fuz fya;`j u; usksidf.a iEu iudc iuznJO;djhlau Tyqf.a wdOHd;ausl yd ndysr YlH;djhkag yd;amiskau ieifZok mrsoafoka f.dvkZ.d .ekSug;a" mj;ajd .ekSug;a ksirA. l`i,;djhla usksid i;`jsh hq;`uh' fuz ksirA. l`i,;djh udkjhd jsiska w;am;a lr.; hq;af;a md,khlska f;drj usksia wdl,am" wdfjzok yd usksia l@shdldrluz ksoe,af,a is|= lsrsug bvoSu uZ.ska fkdj" jsOsu;a ixhuhla" md,khla iys;j ld,hla uqZM,af,a yqre mqre|= lrjSu uZ.sks' udkj pska;kh" udkj ffp;isl ugzgu huz ;;ajhlg ixjrAOkh lsrSug kuz m<uqj is;g ksrka;rfhka wiSus;j .,d tk is;sjs,s flfrys usksid ksrka;rfhka wjOsfhka yd isysfhka hqla;j lghq;` lsrSug yqre mqre|= jS isgsh hq;`h' tjsg mqo.,dka;r iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS yd mj;ajdf.k hEfuz oS tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a ffp;isl ugzguz yd mqoa., fjzu;a;;djhg wkql~,jk mrsoafoka jrska jr iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajkakd jQ rgdfjys iajrEmh jsp,kh lsrSu uZ.ska tys ukd meje;au iqrCIs; yd ia:sridr njg m;a l< yelsh'77 fndfydajsg jkafka" fjkia jkakd jQ iudcuh miq;,h fya;`fldg f.k mqoa.,hka ;`< iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsp,khjSug olajk wlue;s iajrEmh ksidu fjkiajk iudcuh ;;ajh flfrys is; ;`< oafjzIhla Wmojdf.k ta wkqj lghq;` lsrSug mqoa.,hd fm<USuhs' tjsg mqoa.,hka jsiska f.dvkZ.d .kakd yd mj;ajkakd jQ iudc iuznJO;djhka idrA:ljSug we;s bvlv wju fjz' 215
26.
idrA:l iudc iuznJO;djhla
iZoyd w;HdjYHu idOlh kuz yels;dla bjiSu ;ud ;`< .`K Ou!hla f,i jO!kh lr .ekSug;a" us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska hqla;j wkHhka iuZ. lghq;` lsrSug yqre mqre|= jSu;a fjz' iudc iuznJO;d meje;ajSfuz oS yd kj iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS wkH mqoa.,hka ienjskau wfmaCId lrkqfha ;uka mj;ajkakd jQ fyda f.dvkZ.d .kakd jQ iudc iuznJO;djhka ;`<ska m<uq fldgu ;uka ;Dma;su;ajSu yd ;ukaf.a wjYH;djhka tuZ.ska imqrd .ekSuhs' tfia ;Dma;su;ajSu yd wjYH;djhka imqrd .ekSu ishZM fokdf.au wruqK kuz ishZM fokdu tl f,iskau tls wruqK YdlaId;a lr.ekSu iZoyd ffOrAhhu;aj ls@hdlrkafka kuz ishZM fokdgu ;uka n,dfmdfrd;a;`jk wruqK jk wd;au ;Dma;sh yd wjYH;djhka bgqjSu hk lreKq iuzmQrAK lr.ekSfuz wjYH bvlv tuZ.ska ,nd.; yelsjkq we;' kuq;a ienjskau wm cSj;ajk ienE iudcfhys iajrEmh t;ruz idOdrK idulduS yd h:drA:jdoS fohla fkdfjz' wixjsOs; iudc iuznJO;djhkaf.ka fyns fnfyjska w;Dma;sfhka l,af.jk mqoa.,hka nyq, ixlSrAK iudchla wm yuqfjz we;' ;uka n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkakd jQ ienE iekiSu yd ;Dma;sh ienjskau <Z.d lr .ekSug fndfyda fofkl`g fyda gsl fofkl`g wjxlju wjYH jqj;a" iEu flfkl` ygu ta wjYH;djh ta wdldrfhkau ienjskau we;ehs wmg iy;sl jsh fkdyelsh' wmg ksrAjHdcj wjxlju mejiSug yels jkafka ta iZoyd wm;a huz muKl wjxl odhlFjhla Wmrsufhka oelajQjd hk ldrKh muKs' tfia kuz fiiq ish,a, ffojh u;g nerlr tys wjidk m@;sM,h brKug mjrd ksyZvj isgSu jsoHd;aul pska;khg mgyeksh' iudc iuznJO;djhkays h:d iajrEmh fijSu ffojhg ndr lrkjd kuz tys kshu ijrEmh jsoHd;aul miqnsulska fy<slr .ekSu iZoyd wjYH bvlv weysrS hkq we;' kuq;a tf,i lsrSfuz wjYH;djhla ienjskau we;s fkdfjz' kshu iudc iuznJO;djhkays iajrEmh jsoHd;aul pska;kh uZ.ska myod .; yelsh' jsoHd;au; pska;kfhys Wmfhda.S;djh jkqfhao fuys oS iudc iuznJO;djhka ksis wdldrfhka jsurAYkhkag yiqlr .ekSu msKsi iyh jSuhs' iudc iuznJO;djhkays meyeos,sj olakg ,efnk Okd;aul jsmrAhdihka yg.efkkqfha th jvdla udkqIsluh uqyqKqjrlska hqla;j mj;sk l,h' iudc iuznJO;djhka udkqIsluh jYfhka usksia iudch ;`< fjfikakd jQ iEu mqoa.,fhl`ygu pska;kuh m@fndaOh is;g tla lrhs' fulS pska;kuh m@fndaOh fifkyi" f.#rjh" us;@YS,S iajNdjh" mfrdamldrh iy iyfhda.h jeks fmd|= nj .enzjqkq yeZ.Suz mdol lrf.k is|=lrkq ,nkakd jQ prAhduh ,CIK uZ.ska neyerska jsoHdudk fjz' jsoHd;aul pska;kh Tiafia iudc moaO;shla js.@yfldg tys iuznJO;djhka w;r mj;akd udkqIsl uqyqKqjr fy<s fmfy<s lr .; yelsh' udkqIsl uqyqKqjr yg.kq ,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,enSu ;`<sks' idudkHfhka ps;a;fjz.sl yeZ.Sula fyda Ndjd;aul mCIfhys hulg wh;a jk ixl,am jsYaf,aIKh lr jsjrKh lsrSu msKsi lsishuz jsoHdkQl~, jsOsl@uhla Ndjs;d l< fkdyel' ufkda jsoHdfjzoS huz huz udkisl .;s ,CIK js.@y lr jsYaf,aIKh fldg oelajSu msKsi bjy,a lr.kq ,nkakd jQ l@ufjzohla f,i wod< ixl,amh we;s mqoa.,hdf.a iudcuh l@shdldrSFjh ndysrska ksrSCIKh lr ta wkqj jsjsO ks.ukhkaj,g t<USfuz yelshdjla mj;S' 216
27.
fuu l@ufjzoh idudkHfhka
wF:! olajkq ,nkafka prAhdjdoh jYfhks' ufkda jsoHdfjz jsjsO isoaOdka; yd uQ<OrAu f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a iFj l@shdldrSFjh fuz wdldrfhka ksrSCIKh lsrSu uZ.sks' fuys we;euz isoaOdka; iFj l@shdldrSFjh weiqrska o we;euz isoaOdka; usksia l@shdldrSFjh weiqrska o iliaj we;' mqoa.,.; prAhdj iduQysl prAhdjg n,mdkq ,nkafka fldhs wdldrfhkaoehs jsjsO mrAfhaIK uy;a rdYshla mqoa., lKavdhuz jsYd, m@udKhla Ndjs;d lsrSu uZ.ska ksrSCIKh fldg we;' tfiau lKavdhuz prAhdjka mqoa.,.; prAhdj flfrys we;s lrjk n,mEu o fuysoS wjOdkhg ,lalr ;sfnz' mqoa.,hd yd lKavdhuz flfrys n,mdk mrsir jeks fjk;a idOl flfrys o fuysoS ie,ls,a, fhduq jS ;sfnz' lsishuz iudc moaO;shla ;`< o ta iudc moaO;sh ;`< fjfik udkjhkaf.a udkj l@shdldrSFjh yd Tjqka jsiska f.dv kZ.d .kakd jsjsO iudc iuznJO;djhkaj, iajrEmh jsOsu;aj jsYaf,aIKh lsrsu iZoyd Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk fuj,u f,i usksia udkisl l@shdldrSFjh msg;g fmkajk tlu iajrEmh jk ndysr prAhdjka oelajsh yelsh' fuu ndysr prAhdjka ksrSCIKh lsrSfuzoS meyeos,ju fy<s jQ b;du;a jeo.;a lreKla jkqfha tlsfkld fj; ;oska wdldrAYKh jqKq tfiau b;d iyfhda.fhka osjs fmfj;la .; lrkq ,nk udkj lKavhuz ;`< jsjsO m@;sjsfrdaOdjhka w,amjsu fya;`fldgf.k Tjqka w;r mq|=udldr iuZ.shla ;snqKq nj yd tlS iuZ.sh fya;`fldgf.k tu iudc iuznJO;djhkaj, iajrEmh o jvd;a hym;a yd idulduS ksrrAnqo tlla jQ njhs' fuz wkqj tlS iudc moaO;sh ;`< fjfikakd jQ udkjhska Tjqfkdjqka tlsfkldg m@;s Wmldr lr.ksuska yels;dla wrAnqoj,ska jshqla;j osjs f.jhso tu iudch fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,nd we;ehs ks.ukh l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh kshudldrfhka l@shd;aul jkakd jQ iudch ika;Dma; iudchla jYfhka yZ|=kajdoSug o 78 yelsh' th wdrA:sl jsoHd kHdhkag wkql~,j yqfola NdKav yd fiajd mrsfNdackh uZ.ska ,efnk ndysr ika;Dma;shg jvd oshqKq wNHka;r.; ix;Dma;shls' fuu ix;Dma;sh Wmfhda.S;djh jYfhka wdrA:sl jsoHdj ;`< wF:! olajkq ,efnz' flf;la wOsl;r iqL jsyrK f.kk NdKav yd fiajdjla jqj;a os.ska os.gu mrsfNdackh lsrSu ;`<ska usksidg ;j |=rg;a we;sjkqfha iqLhla fkdj lsishuz tmd jSuls' l<lsrSuls' fuh l@udkQl~,j we;sjkakla jk w;r fuys wdrA:sl jsoHdfjz ySkjk Wmfhda.S;djh f,i js.@ylr olajhs' nq|=iuh ;`< |=lL ,CIKh f,i oelafjkqfhao flf;la wOsl;r iqL jsyrKhla mjd os.ska os.g jskaokh lsrSfuzoS thska l<lsrSug m;ajk iajNdjhhs' wiykldrS ;;ajhhs' usksid NdKav yd fiajd mrsfNdackh lsrSfuka ,nkqfha o wjidk js.@yfha os udkisl i;`gu jk nejska iDcqju udkisl i;`gla 217
28.
ix;Dma;shla NdKav yd
fiajd mrsfNdackhlska f;drj ,nd.; yels kuz iajNdjfhka f,dalfhys wdrA:sl NdKav yd fiajdjkaf.a ysZ.lu yd ta ysZ.;djh ksidu tajd Wkqka w;r ;rZ.ldrS f,i w;am;a lr.ekSfuz wjYH;djh ksid yg.kq ,nkakd jQ w;Dma;slr wdYdjkaf.ka .yk jrA;udk iudchg fuuZ.ska ,nd.; yels udkisl iykh wus, fohla jkq we;'79 usksiqka fndfyda jsg iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS Tjqkaf.a fm#oa.,sl reps wrepsluz yd wdfjzKsl usksia .;s iajNdjhka wkqj tajdg wkq.; jk mrsos" lghq;` lsrSug jevs keUqrejla olajk nj fkdfhla jsg ksrSCIKhg yiqj we;s ;j;a lreKls' fuysos ;u ;ukaf.a wdfjzKsl iajNdjhkag wkql~,jsu iZoyd orK ,o m@h;akhkays oS Tjqka jsiska f.dvkZ.d .kakd ,o fyda f.dvkZ.d .ekSug huzlsis m@h;akhla orK ,o iudc iuznJO;djhla fj;akuz tu iudc iuznJO;djhkays iajrEmh o jsOsu;a ;,fha isg wjsOsu;a ;,hg ixl@uKh fjz' fndfyda jsg iudc iuznJO;djhkays jsOsu;a iajrEmhla w;S;fhaoSg jvd jrA;udkfhys wju jkqfha iudc mrsKduKfhys oS mqoa., prAhdjka woyia yd iyc wdfjzKsl iajNdjhka o ixlSrAK ;;ajhkaf.ka jsldYh fjuska meusKs nejsks' tjsg iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ usksiqka w;r mj;akd jQ mqoa., prAhdfjz iajrEmh o jsmrs;j f.dia wjsOsu;a iajrEmhlg m;aj we;' we;euzjsg jsOsu;a iuznJO;djhka meje;ajSug jvd;a repshla olajkakd jQ mqoa.,hka yd mqoa., lKavdhuz fuz fya;`fjka oevs wiSre;djhlg o uqyqK meug is|= fjz' wjsOsu;a iuznJO;djhka mjka;d jQ mqoa.,hkaf.a prAhdj w;r lsishuz >gzGkhla iudc moaO;shla ;`< oS is|=jk nejska iudch o fjz.fhka ;j ;j;a jsmrAhdihkag ,lafjz' fuz .egqu iodld,sl yd wksjdrAh .egquls' mrsKdukh jSu hkqfjka wm yZ|=kajk jsldYh is|=jSug fun|= iudc >gzGk wksjdrAhh' we; w;S;fha oS ;snQ iudch yd jrA;udk iudch w;r wo mj;sk jsYd, fjki ksrAudKh jS ;sfnkqfha fulS >gzGkfhys m@;sM,hla jYfhka hehs fmkajd osh yelsh' fujeks >gzGk iudcfha jsldYhg Wojzjla usi ydkshla we;s fkdlrhs' tfy;a iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ fndfyda fofkla jsfYaIfhkau jevsuyZM mrmqr is;kqfha fuhska iudch jskdYhg m;ajk njhs' iudch |+IKhg m;ajk njhs' fuf,i iudc >gzGkhkaf.ka is|=jk w;`re jsmdl w;r fydZo jsmdl fukau krl jsmdl o we;' tys fydZo krl uZ.yer krl jsmdl foh muKla wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ieu jsglu iudc >gzGhkaf.ka iudch jskdY fj;ehs ks.ukhlg meusKSu w;sYhska u fnd<Zo jQjls' fn#oaO ixorANh ;`< wks;H ,CIKh uZ.ska jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,nkafka o fulS >gzGkh ksid yg.efkk jsmrsKduS ;;ajhhs' tysoS ksrka;rfhka fjkiajk nj ishZM ixialdr Ou!hkays wksjdrAh ,CIKhla nejska th ms<sf.k ta wkqj iajlSh pska;kh ilialr .ekSu msKsi wjYHjk l@shdudrA.h meyeos,s lrfokq ,efnz' fulS jsmrsKduS ,CIKh mqoa., ps;a; ika;dkh ;`< muKla fkdj bka neyer iudc mrsirfhys,d o tl f,iu jeo.;a jk nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs' iudc >gzGkhkaf.a fydZo m@;sM, Wodlrkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh n,mEu uZ.ska jk w;r wys;lr m@;sM, Wodlrkafka fl@daOh" ffjrh" BrAIHdj" m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdj jeks wdl,amhkaf.a n,mEu ksidh' iudch fjkiajk nj yd iudc >gzGkh wksjdrAh fohla kuz thska Wlyd.; hq;af;a fydZo m@;sM, muKlau kuz iudcfhys 218
29.
fjfikakd jQ ishZMu
fokd ;`< cks; l< hq;af;a o jv jvd;a jO!kh l< hq;af;a o fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid ;uka yd wkHhka w;r mj;skakd jQ iSudiys; wd;aurA:lduS udkisl mjqr is;ska bj;alr oud w;sYhskau mqZM,a ukilska iudch foi n,d lghq;` lsrSug usksiqka fm<fuz' tjsg lKaydj" fl@daOh" BrAIHdj" udkh m<s.ekSfuz fp;kdj usksia is;a ;`<ska ;`rkaj f.dia iuZ.sh" us;@Fjh" iyfhda.h yd iycSjkh usksiqka ;`<g m@fjzY fjz'80 jsoHd;aul pska;kh Tiafia iudc iuznJO;d jsYaf,aIKh lsrSfuz oS uqyqK fokakg is|=jk B<Z. .egZMj jkqfha iudc >gzGkhka ;`<ska we;sjk m@;sM,j, iajNdjh ljrdldroehs ksrSCIKh lsrSuhs' jsoHd;aul pska;kh ;u pska;k l@ufjzoh f,i Ndjs;dlrkq ,nk jsoHdZ{hska jsiska fuz iZoyd meyeos,s lrfokq ,nk Wmdh udrA.h kuz kj jsIhhka Tiafia pska;kh fufyhjSuhs' tu jsIh kuz" iudc jsoHdjhs' iudc jsoHdj kS;sh" wmrdO jsoHdj" wOHdmk jsoHdj" ufkda jsoHdj ikaksfjzoh jeks usksia l@shdldrluz ms<snZo js.@yhka jsoHd;aul pska;khg wkqj jsYaf,aIKh fldg js.@yfldg ne,Su wruqK lruska nsys jQ oDIaGSka ish,a, idudcSh jsoHdjka f,i jsoHdZ{hska jsiska wF:! olajd we;' fuz hgf;a fuys tk ljr oDIaGshlskaj;a iudch js.@y l<;a" jsYaf,aIKh l<;a" is|=lr n,kafka usksia jgskdluz mdol lr.kakd ,o iudc ix>gzGkhhkays w;`reM, ms<sno jsYaf,aIKhls'81 tys kHdh isoaOdka; f.dvkZ.d we;' ta Tiafia bosrs oelau ms<snZo ks.ukhkag meusKSu;a" l@u jsYaf,aIKh;a olakg ,efnz' ta wkqj iudch ms<snZo jsoHd;aul pska;kh mdol lrf.k jsYaf,aIKhla is|= lrkq ,nkafka iudc jsoHdZ{hska jsisks' iudc jsoHdfjzoS Wml,amk" ksheos" iuzmrSCIK wdosh Ndjs;d lr.ksuska is|= lrkq ,nkafka iudc jsoHd kHdh isoaOdka; weiqrska iudc l@shdldrSFjh uekjska wOHhkh lsrSuhs' ufkda jsoHdfjys prAhdjdoh js.@y lr oelajSfuz oS usksiqkaf.a yd i;`kaf.a ndysr prAhdrgdjka fjkiajk iajrEmh wkqj tu usksiqkaf.a yd i;`kaf.a ps;a;fjz.sl miqnsu iliajk wdldrh lsishuz jsHd;aul l@u fjzohlg wkqj fmkajd oSu msKsi jsoHd;aul pska;kh Ndjs;d lrkakdla fukau iudc jsoHdZ{hska jsiska lsishuz iudc moaO;shla ;`< udkjhkaf.a yeisrSuz rgdjka wOHhkh lsrSfuz wruqKska Wps; f,i iajlSh kHdhhka" yd isoaOdka; Ndjs;d lruska usksia prAhdjka ms<snZoj huz huz ks.ukhkag t<USu iudc jsoHd;aul mrAfhaIKhkays ldrAhNdrh 219
30.
fjz' tu kHdh
yd isoaOdka; uZ.ska if;HCIKh lrkq ,nkafka usksia yeisrSuzys huz huz jsp,Hhkah' usksia yeisrSuzys wfmaCIs; ;;ajh kuz iyfhda.h yd iuZ.shhs'82 fuh iudc iuznJO;djhkays uq,au mqrelhs' iudc taldnoaO;djh we;s jkafka iuZ.sh yd us;@YS,S yeZ.Su uZ.ska we;s lrkq ,nk iyfhda.h lrKfldg f.kh' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;djSu ms<snZoj prAhdj uZ.ska uefkk m@;sM,h uZ.ska iudch flfrys fld;ruz |=rlg fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,nd ;sfnzo hkak lshfjz' flfia fyda iudc moaO;shl idrA:l iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkeZ.Sfuz ldrAhNdrfha oS fu;a;d ixl,amh b;du;au iqjsYd, jeo.;alula .kakd jQ ixl,amhla nj fuys m@;sM, uZ.ska ikd: fjz'83 iudc foayhl huz jgskdlula ;SrKhjSu" jgskdlula we;s lrjSu yd ksYaps; f,i th Ndjs;d lsrSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh wkqoekqu wkqj is|= fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh tys iudcuh jgskdlula wkqj b;du;a iqjsfYaIS ia:dkhl miqjk ixl,amhls' iudc iuznJO;djhkays jsoHd;aul iajrEmh h:drA:jdoS f,i jsYaf,aIKh lsrSu iZoyd;a" js.@yfldg oelajSu iZoyd;a fu;a;d ixl,amh idrA:l f,i bjy,a lrf.k we;' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ us;@YS,S nj iyfhda.h jeks lreKq idrA:l iudc iuznJO;djhla f.dvkeZ.Su iZoyd uy;a fia wdOdr Wmldrj;a fjz' tfuka hym;a ps;a;fjz.sl wdl,amhka we;slr .ekSu tfiau tjeks ps;a;fjz.hka mqoa., jYfhka iudcuh jYfhka M,odhsl f,i Ndjs;hg .ekSu iZoyd fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jsoHduk Wmfhda.S;djh lsisfia;a wu;l l< fkd yel' fiiq ps;a; ixl,amhkag idfmaCIlj fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;fha oS meyeos,sju jsoHudkjk ir< nj;a meyeos,s l@shdldrSFjh;a mqoa., jsIu;djhlska f;drj Ndjs;fhys we;s iq.u iajNdjh;a ksid jeks iqjsfYaI;d .Kkdjla fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jgskdlu Tmj;a lrhs' tfukau fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wNHka;rfhys .enzjk nJOkSh iajNdjh ksidu" iudc taldnoaO;djh msKsi uy;a fia Wmfhda.S lr.; yels m@Odku ixl,amh f,i fiiq ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSfuys,d mdol lr.ekSfuz yelshdj" fu;a;d ixl,amfhys nyq, jYfhka wka;rA.;h' usksia pska;kh yd pska;k rgdj ilia lsrSfuz l@shdj<sfhys oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; huz huz m@cdkk" wdfjzok yd prAhduh ,CIK fiiq ps;a; ixl,amhka iuZ. b;du;a idrA:l f,i ixfhdackh lsrSu uZ.ska jvd;a iudcdkqfhda.S ps;a; .;s iajNdjhka f.dvkxjd.; yelsh'84 iudchla ia:r .Kkla yd fCI;@ .Kklska iukajs; moaO;shls' moaO;shla tu fCI;@ rdYsh w;r iuznjO;d uy;a rdYshlska ilia jS we;' tu iuznJO;djhka w;r neZoSu mj;sk iajrEmh udkqIsl kuz tu moaO;sh ;`< fjfik ishZM udkjhskag th iqjodhs njla ysus jSug lreKls' kuq;a huz fyhlska fyda ishZM iuznJO;djhkays jsYajikSh iajNdjh udkj ohdj yd udkj ys;jdoS nj /ZoS mj;skafka w;sYhskau ixfjzoSjQ;a ysff;IS jQ;a udkj iuznJO;d moaO;shla w;frys muKs'85 tfia fkdjqkq l< tlS udkj iuznJO;djhkays iajrEmh yqfola hdka;@sl l@shdldrSFjhlg muKla iSud jkq we;'86 tfia jk l< tlS udkqIsl iuznJO;djhkays h:d iajrEmh jsh hq;`jQ <f;;a nj uqiqjqkq us;@YS,S wdl,amh flfrka th |=riaj hkq we;' 220
31.
udkqIsl iuznJO;djhl ffcjuh
meje;aula o we;' ishZM cSjSkaf.a ffcj l@shdldrSFjfhys Okd;aul mCIh rZod mj;skqfha usksid ffcj ys;jdoS nj flfrys olajk ys;lr wdl,amh u;h' th ienjskau tfia fkdjqkq l, ta meje;afuys iunr;djh |=re jS hhs' usksidg fuz usys;,h u; meje;aula we;af;a usksia l@shdldrSFjh iunr njlska ffcj ys;jdoS nj flfrys olajk Okd;aul wdl,amh Wv muKs'87 tfia is|= fkdjk l< usksia iajNdjh yqfola hdka;@sl iajrEmfhka usksi;a nj udkqIsl nj us;@YS,S nj jshelS hd kuz tjsg wys;lr whqrska mrsjrA;khg ,lajk nj nq|=iufhys wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz' ngysr oekqu yd tu wdl,am usksid we;`ZM fiiq iuia; iFj m@cdj mrsirfhka jshqla; fldg is;kakg wkqn, yd osrs fok l, nq|= oyu we;`ZM fmros. ixialD;sh mrsirh usksid we;`ZM ffcjSkaf.ka jshqla; fkdlr th yqfola tlu moaO;shla f,i is;kakg yd ta wkq l@shdlrkakg wkqn, ,nd fohs' fuu pska;kh jsOSka folskau jvd;a ffcj ys;jdoS nj ,nd fokafka nq|=iuh m@uqL fmros. ixialD;sh nj fmkajd osh yelsh' fmros. ixialD;sh ;`<;a jvd;a nq|=iuh ;`< fuu mrsirh iuznJO idlpzPd fnfyjska is|= jQ nj nqoaO foaYkd wkqj meyeos,s fjz'88 uq,a nq|=iufhys iZoyka mrsir ys;jdoS iajrEmh nq|=iuh b;du;a iS>@fhka ixialD;sl .;jSu flfrys ;oskau n,mdk ,o lreKls' nqoaO foaYkd ;`< ksrka;rfhkau iZoyka jkafka usksid ;uka flfrysu;a wkH cSjSka flfrys;a mrsirh flfrys;a mej;sh hq;` us;@YS,S wdl,amhhs' udkj ys;jdoS njska hqla;j oevs us;@YS,S ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lsrSu ;`<ska uZ.ska muKla usksidg usysu; u; jvd;a iunr iqjodhs osjs fmfj;la .; l< yels nj tys oS fmkajd oS ;sfnz'89 tfiau tjka usksfil`yg fndfyda frda.dndO wju nj o ishZM f,#lsl oshqKqj Tyq lrd b;du;au blaukska <Z.d jk nj o jevs |=rg;a fmkajd oS ;sfnz' usksia yeisrSuz us;@YS,S wdl,amhlska hqla;j iliajsh hq;` wdldrh wfkl`;a ukqIHhska yd ffiq iFjhska iuZ. l@shdl< hq;` iajrEmh uekjska jsYaf,aIKh lsrSu uZ.ska o meyeos,s lrfokq ,nkqfha us;@YS,S yeisrSuz rgdj iudc iuznJO;d meje;ajSfuz oS yd mj;ajkakd jQ iudc iuznJO;djhka jsOsu;a wdldrhlska ilia lr.ekSfuzys oS mej;sh hq;` jQ yd iliajsh hq;` jQ iajrEmhhhs' tfiau Bg wod< jkakd jq fiiq .`Kdx.hka o biau;` fldg olajd we;'90 usksiqka ;`< iajlSh ps;a; wNHka;rfhys we;s jk yd we;s jsh yels wys;lr wdl,am" ixl,am" wdfjzok iukhlg m;alr iqjodhs udkisl iajNdjhlska iukajs; jSu ;`<ska iym;a iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSu msKsi jvd;a Wps; udkisl jgdmsgdjla ;uka ;`< ksrAudKh lr .; yels wdldrh nq|=iuh jsia;r lr fohs' fulS usksia yeisrSuz rgdfjys ;sfnkakd jQ wdfjzokd;aul iajrEmh mjd ilia jsh hq;af;a o Ndjd;sYh jsh hq;af;a o us;@YS,S miq;,hla u; nj fmkajd fokq ,nhs' usksid iajNdjfhkau wdfjzokYS,S iFjfhl` kuz Tyqf.a pska;k ud;@hka mej;sh hq;` jkafka wdfjzokhka iukh jk whqrsks'91 ;on, wdfjzokhkaf.ka msreKq wdfjzokYS,S yeisrSuz rgdjka iys; usksiqka iykYS,S iudc rgdjlg Wps; fkdjkq we;' tnZ|= mqoa.,hka iudcfhys jdih lsrSu lsisfjl`yg keje;ajsh fkdyel' tfiakuz tnZ|= 221
32.
mqoa.,hkayg iudc moaO;sh
ksrjq,aj meje;su msKsi lsishuz fjfyila ord iajlSh wdfjzokhka usksia iudchg ys;lr jk iajrEmfhka kej; ilialr .ekSug Wps; udrAf.damfoaYkh nq|=iuh uZ.ska ,ndfoa' nq|=iuh uZ.ska tnZ|= mqoa.,hkayg ,ndfokakd jQ fulS udrAf.damfoaYk jsOsl@uhka lsisfia;au ;djld,sl jsiZ|=uz f,i ie,lsh fkdyelafla tlS ieu jsOs l@uhlau uekjska w;ayod n,d w;sYhskau m@fhda.slj m@;HCI fldgf.k bka wk;`rej fmkajd fokq ,nk l@ufjzohla nejsks' tfiau tu l@ufjzohka ilaij we;af;a Bg ksis nqoaOsuh mrsmdlh fhda.H whqrska we;s ish is;a i;kays lsis|= wys;lr wdfjzokhla fkdue;s ishZM wys;lr wdfjzohka iajlSh is;a i;ka ;`<ska uqZM ukskau m@ySK l<d jQ W;`uz mqoa.,hkaf.a cSjk w;aoelSuz weiqrska jSu tys m@fhda.sl jgskdluz ;j;a Tma kxjhs'92 nq|=iuh usksiqka yd Tjqkaf.a pska;khka flfia iliajsh hq;`oehs fmkajd fokq ,nkafka o iudcuh jsma,jhla we;slrkq ,enqfha o lsis|= ysxiduh l@shdudrA.hlg wj;SrAK fkdfjuska jSu nq|=iufhys we;s b.ekajSuzj, jgskdlu f,djg fmkajd oSuls' tfiau uq,skau iudch fjkia lsrSu mfil ;nd mqoa.,hka fjkia lsrSu yd uekjska ilia lsrSu Tiafia iudch fjkia lsrSu yd iudc .uka uZ. ksjeros osYdjlg ilia lsrSu is|= lr we;' nq|=iuh wkqj jvd;au jeo.;a jkqfha tla tla mqoa.,hd i;`j we;s pska;khhhs' iudc l@shdldrSFjh js.@y lsrSfuz oS yd iudch jsiska f.dvkZ.df.k we;a;d jQ jsjsO iudc ixl,amj,g kj wF:!l:k bosrsm;a lsrSfuz oS mj;skakd jQ l@ufjzohg uqZMukskau wjk; fkdfjuska yd m@;sfCIamfldg uqZMukau fy<d oelSulska f;drj wjYH wdldrhg mj;skakd jQ iudc ixl,am ioyd nq|=r|=ka jsiska iajlSh kj wF:! js.@yhka Bg iq|=iq Wmdh udrA.hka Ndjs; fldg bosrsm;a lrwe;' fuz fya;`j ksidu nq|=iuh b;du;au flgs l,lska iuia; Ndr;h mqrdu jsYd, f,i jHdma; jQ nj ft;sydisl idOl jsoHudkh'93 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s nsh jsrys; Ndjh ksidu th m@Z{dj W;amdo lsrSfuys ,d iu;a luz olajhs' nsh we;s jsg ishZM nqoaOsh hgm;a fjz' yeZ.Suz biau;` jS nqoaOsh hgm;a jk nejsks' kuq;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ hg;a fkdjkakd jQ iajNdjh ;`< biau;` jkakd jQ m@Z{dj uZ.ska nsh ;`<ska we;s jk nqoaOsuh wdjrKh |=re lrkq ,nkafka kej; th yg.ekajSug fya;`jk ufkdauh uQ<hka o isZo nsZo ouusks' fulS ufkda uq<hka yg.ekajSu msKsi Ndjs;djk m@Odk;u fya;~ka jk oafjzIh wdYdj yd uq<dj hk idOl ;`k uq,skqmqgd oukq ,nhs' ishZM fida |=la ixld yg.kq ,nkqfha fulS idOl ;`fkys n,mEug k;`jSh' iudcuh cSjs;h ;`< oS nsh rys; Ndjh iudc taldnoaO;djh flfrys w;sYhskau bjy,a fjz' uq,skau mqoa.,fhl` ;ud ;`< nsh rys; iajNdjhla we;s lr .ekSu uZ.ska ;j |=rg;a tlS mqoa.,hd ygu iudch jsIfhys nsh rys; iajNdjhla we;s lr.ekSu flrys n,mdkq ,nhs' iudc.; osjsh mqrdj nsh rys; iajNdjh uQ,slju yg.kq ,nk fu;a;d ixl,amh m@Z{dj wjOslrkq ,nhs' m@Z{d iuzmkak mej;`uz we;s mqoa.,hd iuia; iudch flfrysu;a ;uka flfrys;a nsh fkdolskakd jQ mqoa.,fhl` njg m;ajkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ukd wdNdIh ksiduh' tfukau iuia; 222
33.
iudcuh cSjs;g wF:!
iuzmkak jkqfha o fulS nsh rys; njlg mqoa., osjs meje;au mrsjrA;kh jQ l,uh'94 ienjskau mxpYS, m@;smodfjka wF:!j;a jkqfha o fujeks nsh rys; iudcuh jgdmsgdjla usksidg Wreu lr oSuh' usksid iajNdjfhkau wfkla ishZM iFj jrA.hd fukau nsh ;ukaf.a fod;ska /f.k meusfKk cSjsfhls' boska usksidf.a idudkH iajNdjh jQ nsh iys; nj |=re lrkq ,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh iuia; iudchuh l@shd;drSFjh ;`< iq,Njh oelsh yels ,CIKhla njg mrsjrA;kh jQ l,uh' hg;a msrsfihska iudcfhys cSj;a jk tla mqoa.,fhl` fyda fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu tlS iudch nsh rys; m@Z{d iuzmkak iudchla njg m;a lsrSfuz uq<sl wvs;d,u njg m;a lrjsh yelsh' wk;`rej ishZMu mqoa.,hkaf.a fu;a;d ixl,am jrAOkh uZ.ska ;j |=rg;a iudcuh Ndjs;dj yd iudcuh taldnoaO;djh jv jvd;a m@p,s; lsrSug yd ixjrAOkh lsrSug yelshdj ,efnkq we;'95 usksia iudch jsgska jsg fkdfhl`;a mrsjrA;kSh iajNdjh ,la jSu jsYaj idOdrK jQ OrAu;djhla f,iska ie,fla' fjkia fkdjkakd jQ iudchla ;nd fjkia fkdjkakd jQ lsishuz uQ< modrA:hlaj;a fkdue;s hehs ie,flk nejsks' boska iudch wkjr;fhka fulS fjkia jSfuz l@shdj<shg uqyqK mdhs kuz tnZ|= fjkiajSula ;`< usksid iudcfhys fiiq mqoa.,hka iuZ. lghq;` lsrSfuz oS jv jvd;a us;@YS,S osjs meje;aulg fhduq jSu uZ.ska fjkia jkakd jQ usksia ixl,amh yd wdl,am l@udkQl~, wkaouska usksidf.a ffp;isl ixjrAOkh msKsi odhl lr .ekSfuz jsYd, iuzNdjs;djla we;s nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' fjkiajSu ;`<u usksia yeisrSuz yd l@shdldrSFjhka wkHhkaf.a ys; iqj ie,iSfuz wruqK lrd fhduq jQ jsg tu fjkiajSu usksidg uy;a wdYsrAjdohla lr.; yelsh'96 jrA;udkfhys fulS iudcfhys jsp,H;djh fu;a;d ixl,amh weiqfrka ilia lr fkd.ekSfuz nshlre m@;sjsmdlh kuz hf:dla; fjkiajSu ixialD;sl iudcuh yd fm#oa.,sl jYfhka tla tla mqoa.,hd flfrys yd iuia; iudch flfrys;a b;du;au wys;lr wkaouska n,md we;s iajNdjhka jsoHudk jSuhs' fjkiajSu ;`< usksia yeisrSfuz ys m@;scdkkd;aul md,kh yd ixjsOdkh uZ.ska tlS fjkialu usksidf.au hym; iZoyd Ndjs;d lr.ekSug yelshdj we;s w;r tlS wruqK fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj l@shd;aul jsh hq;`h'97 usksia yeisrSuz uZ.ska iudch fj; is|= jkakd jQ whym;a n,mEu wju lr.ekSfuz wruqKska hqla;j th lsishuz jsOsl@uhlg wkqj f.dvkeZ.Su w;HjYH fjz' tfiau usksia yeisrSuz iudc m@.ukh lrd jsOs wdldrfhka odhl lr.ekSfuz jHdhduh o fuhska is|= jSu wfmaCId l< hq;` fohls' tfiau lsishuz wd.usl ixl,am moaO;shlg iSud jQ fldg oelajsh fkdyels irAj ld,Sk yd irAj idOrK wdpdr Ou! moaO;shla jsh hq;`h' mxpYS, m@;smodfjys jsoHudk jk wdpdr Ou! moaO;sh uZ.ska iudch fj; ;s<sK lrkq ,nkafka o fulS wjYH;dhjhka iZoyd irs,k wdldrfha jsiZ|=uls' iEu iudc wjYH;djhlau mqoa., wjYH;djhla fkdfjz' tfiau iEu mqoa., wjYH;djhlau iudch wjYH;djhla o fkdfjz' kuq;a iEu mqoa., wjYH;djhlau iudc wjYH;djhla iuZ. o iEu iudc wjYH;djhlau mqoa., wjYH;djhla iuZ.u lsishuz 223
34.
iajrEmhlska iuznJO fjz'
we;euz jsg fulS iuznJO;djfhys iajrEmh u;`msgska jsoHdudk jQjla jsh yels w;r we;euz jsgl oS ta wdldrfhka u;`msgska fkdj wNHka;rj jsysfok iajNdjhla jsh yelsh' we;euz jsgl oS fuz fohdldrfhys iuznJO;djhka mjd jsoHudk jsh yelsh' mqoa., wjYH;djhka yd iudc wjYH;djhka w;r lsishuz iduQysl njla tlZ.Fjhla we;s lr.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska is|= flfrA' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh Ndjs;dj ilia jkqfha o fuz wdldrfhka mqoa., yd iudc ixorANfhys ,d th l@shd;aul jk iajNdjh wkqjh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mqoa., yd iudc l@shdldrSFjh tl iudk jeo.;a lulska hqla; njla .enz jS mj;S' us;@YS,S nj kshu jYfhka oelajSu hkqfjka woyia lrkqfha ;uka yd wkHhka w;r m@cdkk iduHhla f.dvkZ.d .ekSu jk nejsks' tnejska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh nqoaOs f.dapr iajNdjhla .kq ,nk w;r tuZ.ska ishZM wdldrfha oDIaGSka w;yer ksoyi udkjhd yg Wreu fldg fohs' usksia l@shdldrSFjh iuia; ffcj ys;jdoS nj u; mokuz jk jsg muKla fu;a;d ixl,amh mQrAK jYfhka iudcfhys uq,a nei .kafka hehs ks.ukh l< yels jkq we;' i;H jYfhkau mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh ffcj jsjsOFjh jeks idOl mej;sfha jqj o ishZM fjkialuz Nskak repslFjhka mfil ,d iduQyslFjh ;`<ska Tmj;a jQ us;@YS<S wdl,amhkaf.ka iukajs; jsYajSh m@cdjla ilia lsrSfuys ,d fu;a;d ixl,amh ,nd fokafka fkduZo msgqjy,ls' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh Ndjs;dj by< w.hl mj;ska jsg oS muKla th iduQysl iudchla jYfhka yeZoskajSu jvd;a ksrjoH jkq we;' fuhska woyia jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh jshqla; ixl,amhla fkdj fnfyjska m@fhda.sl ;,fhys rZod mj;akd jQ w.hla njhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jgskdlu ;j |=rg;a Tma kexfjkafka th m@cdkk me;slv blaujd wdfjzok ;,fhys mjd ish il@Sh odhlFjh ,ndfok wdldrfhks' lsishuz iudc moaO;shl oS m@cdkk fCIa;@hg iu.duSj thg iudk w.hla wdfjzok me;slv fj; ;s<sK lrkq ,nk fyhska fu;a;d ixl,amh ishZMu jsp,Hhka ;`<kh lrkq ,nk jgskdluz tlajr ,ndfokq ,nk ixl,amhla f,i oelajsh yelsh' fndfyda ixl,amhka j, fuz jgskdlu oel.; fkdyels w;r w.hkays jsp,Hhka w;r fulS .e,mSu o jsoHudk fkdfjz' iudcuh Ndjs;djl oS fujeks .e,mSuz we;s ixl,amhl we;s w.h fuz ksid wjsjdos;h'98 tfiau iudchla hkq fkdfhla wdldrfha Nskak repshlFjhka yd Nskak wjYH;djhka iys; msrsilf.ka iukajs; ixia:duh fohla nejska tjka msrsila ksr;`reju ix;Dma; lsrSu Tjqfkdjqkaf.a wka;rA l@shdldrSFjh uZ.skau is|= jsh hq;a;la ksid ta wka;rA l@shdldrSFjh irAj iudkj yd idOdrK wdldrfhka is|= jSug wjYH miq;,h fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska ksrka;rfhka ilia lr fokq ,nhs'99 fuz fya;`j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amfhys l@shdldrSFjh idudkHfhka us;@Fjfha iSudfjka Tnzng;a jsyso me;sr hkaklaa fjz' iudc foayhl ksrjq,a meje;au ia:sr jYfhkau rZod mj;afka tlS iudch fld;ruz |=rlg fu;a;d ixl,amh fuz wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg f.k ish meje;au ta Tiafia ilia lr .kakjdo hkak u;hs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh w.h fuz fya;`j ksid wksjdrAhfhkau mqoa., w.h wNsnjd fmruqK .ekSug iu;a fjz'100 tfiau fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wjidk mrudrA:uh ksIaGdj yd ixl,amSh 224
35.
l~Gdm@dma;sh is|= jkafka
th yels;dla iudc.; jSu ;`< yd th flfia flf;la |=rlg wkHhka jsIfhys irAj idOrK jkafka o hk lreK u;h'101 fuz fya;` ksid fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jHdma;sh yd iSudjka l`ulaoehs mQrAjfhka jsksYaphkg t<Ush yels fkdfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iSudjka yd jHdma;sh wdruzNl uq,a woshr ;`< fiiq ixl,amhkays fuka jqj;a tys wjidk yd l~Gdm@dma;s wjia:djka ixl,amSh iSudjka w;sl@uKh lruska talFjh lrd <Z.d jkakla fjz' fuys idlpzPdjk talFjh jkdyS mQrAK flduskshqiagz yd iudcjdoS iudcj, jHqyhkays mrudorAY f,i ie,flk iudcfhys ndysrska jsoHudk jk jsjsO iudc ixia:d yd iudc iuQy w;r jsoHudk jsjsO;djhka wfydaislr oeuSu ;`<ska iudc foayfhys u;`msg ia:rh fjkia lsrSu muKlau woyia fkdfjz' fuys talFjh hkafkka woyia jkqfha mqoa., m@cdkk me;slv fukau iudcuh m@cdkk me;slv o tl f,iu tlu mrudorAYhla jgd f.dkq lsrSug huzlsis idOrK m@h;akhla .ekSuhs' fuh iudc foayfhys ndysr iajrEmh iudk lsrSug jvd b;du;au wmyiq jQjla jk w;r kuq;a Bg jvd fnfyjska m@dfhda.sl jQjla o fjz' tnejska ndysr fjkia lsrSulg jvd iudch wNHka;rslj fjkia lsrSug m@h;ak oerSu wiSre jQjla hehs yd iuyr jsgl oS lsis f,ilska fkdyels jQjla hehs fmfkkag ;snqK;a th b;du;au m@dfhda.s; jQjla jk w;r l< hq;`u foh jkqfha o thhs' iudch ndysrska fjkialsrSulg m@Odk fuj,u f,i oafjzIh mdol lr.ksuska lsishuz udkj >gzgkhla is|= lsrSu wjYH jk w;r iudcfhys wNHka;r jsma,jhla is|= lsrSu iZoyd wjYH jkafka mqoa., ps;a; ika;dkh jsOsu;a mrsos ksjd ouuska wkHhka ms<snZo ixfjzoS iajNdjhla ukfiys we;s jSug bvlv ,efnk mrsos fu;a;d ixl,amh yels;dla Ndjs;d lsrSu msKsi udkjhka fm<USuhs' fuu fm<Uqfuys wksjdrAhfhkau m@OdkFjh bis,sh hq;af;a iudcfhys cSj;ajk mqoa.,hka fldhs ljqre;a ;u ;ud jsiskauh' tnejska fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d l< hq;af;a o ;uka jsiskau nj iudcfhys fjfik wkHhkayg o ta;a;` .efkk mrsos lghq;` lsrSug ishZM fokdygu fjka fjka mqoa.,sl j.lSula wksjdrAhfhkau we;'102 fuz j.lSuz iys;Ndjh rZod mj;skakd jQ iajrEmh u; yd ;ukayg tfia lsrSfuka ,efnk iudcuh m@;s,dNh flf;ruz jsYd, o hkak fydZoska wjfndaO jQ jsg usksiqka ;j |=rg;a fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu iZoyd W;aiyfhka fm<Ush hq;` fkdfjz'103 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh Ndjs;dj tfia iudcuh Ndjs;dj ;`<ska ,efnk Wmfhda.S;djh u;u rod mj;akjd jskd ndysr fm<Uqula uZ.ska mqoa.,hka ;`<g megjsh yelalla fkdfjz'104 usksia YsIaGdpdrfhys wdruzNfha isgu jrA;udkh olajd wkql@ufhka mejf;k iudcuh jrAOkh ;`< oS jvd;a jeo.;a jQ ldrKh jkqfha usksid jrA;udkh jk jsg usysu;ska jZo jS fkdf.dia b;srs jQfha usksia iudch fnfyjska iduQyslj cSj;a jQ jevs msrsilf.ka iukajs; jSu ksid hk lreKhs' usksid iajNdjfhkau .egqulska f;drj osjs fmfj; .;lsrSug repslFjhla olajkafkls' usksia YsIaGdpdrfhys wE; w;S;fha isgu ta ta f.da;@sl ixfla;hka f,i us;@ ixl,amh jsjsO iajrEmfhka Ndjs;djSu wkqj fmkS hkafka o fulS woyihs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys oDIHudk iajNdjh us;@ hkqfjka ksrEms; foajFjhlg kxjuska thg .re i;aldr lrkjd hkafkys wF:!h jkqfha us;`re nj iudcfhys mj;ajdf.k hkakg lsishuz 225
36.
m@;scdkkd;aul wkq,nhla ta
;`<ska ,ndfokjd hkakhs' fulS foajFjhg wdfrdamKh lsrSu ;`<ska fu;a;d ixl,amh fyj;a us;`re nj b;du;a iuzNdjkdjg md;@ jsh hq;` yd th ish,a,kaf.a ie,ls,a,g Ndckh jkakg b;du;a fhda.H ixl,amhla nj;a th wksjdrAhfhkau iudcfhys ;yjqre l< hq;` fohla njg;a wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz' us;`re nj yd iyfhda.h udkjhka msrsila tlaj lghq;` lsrSfuz oS ;snsh hq;`u .`Kdx.hls' foajFjhg kxjd fmkajd fokafka thhs' jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka fulS fu;a;d ixl,amh mqoa.,Fjfhka neyerj iudc iuznJO;d jsIfhys wod< lr.ekqkq wdldrhhs' mqoa.,sl nj wd;audrA:lduSFjh ;`< jsoHudk jk fohls' ienjskau msrsila ;`< huz mqoa.,fhl`yg mqoa., wkkH;djhla ;snsh yels kuq|= tu wkkH;djh Tiafia f.dvk.d .kakd ,o wd;audrA:lduS pska;k rgdjla ;snsh fkdyelaflah' mqoa.,sl nj iuzm;a mrsfNdack rgdj wkqj udkjhska jsiska ilia lr.kakd ,o fohls' mqoa., wkHkH;djh ffkirA.slju mqoa.,hka ;`< mejf;k fohls' mqoa., wkkH;djh mokuz lrf.k mqoa.,slFjfhka neyerj huska fmd|= njg mrsjrA;kh jSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid b;du;aj idrA:l wdldrfhka l< yelsh' tjsg mqoa.,sl iuzu;hka iudc iuzu;hka njg o iudc iuzu;hka mqoa.,sl iuzu;hka njg o mrssjrA;YS,Sj l@shd;aul jk nejska fuys oS mqoa., wkkH;djh ms<snZo .egZMjla meK kZ.skafka ke;' mqoa., wkkH;djh idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh ms<snZo lghq;` j,oS w;sYhskau wjYH jk fohls' idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh wF:!j;a jkqfha o mqoa., wkkH;djh ksiduh' kuq;a iuzm;a mrsyrKfha oS wjsOsu;a f,i mqoa.,sl mrsfNdack rgdj l@shd;aul jSu;a iuZ.u mqoa., wkkH;djh uZ.ska wF:!j;a jkakd jQ idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh nsZo jefghs kuz mqoa.,slFjh mqoa., wkkH;djfhka jsNskak jQ yd mqoa., wkkH;djh flfrys m@;sfYaOkd;aul whqrska n,mdkq ,nkakla nj fmkS hhs' fufia jkafka mqoa.,sl njg mokuz jkafka mqoa.,hd yd udkj jgskdluzj,g wkq.; fkdjk Tyqf.a ndysr l@shdldrluz usi iduQysl nj fyda i;H udkj we.hquz fyda fkdjk nejsks' fu;a;d ixl,amh iEu jsgloSu fmd|= nj ms<snZoj weZ.jquz ldrlh fjz' udkj is;a ;`< mqoa.,sl nj bj;a fldg mqoa., wkkH;djh fmd|= njg mrsjrA;kh lrjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Ndjs;dj uZ.sks' fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu fya;`fjka mqoa., wkkH;djfhys wfydis jSula is|= fkdjk w;r tfia jqjfyd;a idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh fu;a;d ixl,amfhka ksfYaO jkafka hehs mejiSug yelshdj we;;a tfia fkdj fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Ndjs;dj fya;`fjka mqoa., wkkH;djh hym;a wdldrh f.dvkeZ.Sula o is|= jk nejska th idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh w;r lsishuz iuSm iuznJO;djhla o cks; lrhs' 105 idudkH iudc jHjydrh wkqj idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh w;r t;ruz jsYd, fjkila jsoHudk fkdfj;;a" jsoHd;aul pska;kh wkqj fuu me;slv fol w;r fjkialuz jsoHudkh' idrOrAu! jkdyS wd.fuka wd.ug ixialD;sfhka ixialD;shg jsjsO yev;,hka .kakd w;r iodpdrh tfia fjkiajkafka fkdfjz' iodpdrh jsYajSh fohla fjz' tfukau jshqla;j .;al< jqj o tys we;s ksrfmaCI jeo.;alu yd we.hquz fkdfjkiaj mj;S' idudkH ;;ajhka ;`< oS idrOrAu! td iodpdrh w;r w;s jsYd, mr;rhla we;ejsgl oS jsoHudk fj;;a fn#oaO idrOrAu! iuznJOfhka idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh w;r tjka jsjsOFjhla jsoHudk fkdfjz'106 226
Baixar agora