Slides of my talk at UCLA, Feb. 18, 2011 http://orgs.law.ucla.edu/JILFA/SYMPOSIUM/Pages/Default.aspx

1. Intl. IP Law & the 21st Century: Will
the Developing World Lead or Follow?
Brazil's Copyright Reform: Lost Chance?
Pedro Paranaguá
Duke University
www.PedroParanagua.net
@PedroParanagua
UCLA, Feb. 18, 2011

2. table
1. TRIPs flexibilities (no WCT/WPPT)
2. Brazil's Copyright Act 1998: TRIPs-plus
3. why?
4. Brazil's copyright reform

3. after lunch !?

4. i hope that . . .

7. which are the TRIPs standards ?

8. TRIPs-plus
life + 50

9. TRIPs-plus
life + 50
life + 70

10. TRIPs-plus
33

11. TRIPs-plus
33 -- 83

12. TRIPs-plus
33 -- 83 = 50 years

13. TRIPs-plus
33 -- 83 = 50 years
+
70 years

14. TRIPs-plus
33 -- 83 = 50 years
+
70 years
=
120 years

16. TRIPs-plus
promote who's creativity ?

17. TRIPs-plus
promote who's creativity ?

18. TRIPs-plus
promote who's creativity ?

19. TRIPs-plus
1904 – 1989

20. TRIPs-plus
1940 – 1993

21. TRIPs-plus
publisher ?
author or
record label ?
who's the owner ?

22. TRIPs-plus
$15 bi. surplus

23. TRIPs-plus
for the same reason

24. TRIPs-plus
life + 50

25. TRIPs-plus
$27,204
Brazil's Central Bank (2008)
copyright royalties flow (in $1,000)

26. TRIPs-plus
$27,204
$2,359,143
Brazil's Central Bank (2008)
copyright royalties flow (in $1,000)

30. TRIPs-plus
reproduction for archival purposes

31. TRIPs-plus
reproduction for archival purposes

32. TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

33. TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
no archival / preservation

34. restritividade da lei brasileira

35. restritividade da lei brasileira

36. restritividade da lei brasileira

37. TRIPs-plus
shifting from one format to another

38. TRIPs-plus
shifting from one format to another

39. TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

40. TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
format shifting

41. restritividade da lei brasileira
out
of
print

42. TRIPs-plus
reproduction of out-of-print works

43. TRIPs-plus
reproduction of out-of-print works

44. TRIPs-plus
2 years out of print
authorized full reproduction
(Art. 53(2)4(b))

45. TRIPs-plus
USP – Social Science 30% out of print
FGV – Business School 45% out of print
P. Ortellado & J. Machado,
“Direitos autorais e o acesso às publicacões científicas”,
Revista Adusp 37, ago. 2006

46. TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

47. TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
out-of-print works

49. TRIPs-plus
reproduction for educational purposes

50. TRIPs-plus
reproduction for educational purposes

51. TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

52. TRIPs-plus
L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)
educational purposes

53. TRIPs-plus
Art. 46. It shall not violate copyright:
II – the reproduction not for profit, of
small excerpts, in a sole copy, for the
private use of the person making the
copy, provided it is made by her/himself

54. TRIPs-plus

55. what do publishers say ?

62. there is (mis)information

63. TRIPs-plus
ABDR
Associação Brasileira de Direitos Reprográficos

64. TRIPs-plus
no anti-circumvention

65. TRIPs-plus
no anti-circumvention
DRM (TPM)

66. only
Microsoft Windows (WMA/DRM)
Apple (“fair”play/DRM)

72. TRIPs-plus
idea–expression dichotomy

73. not TRIPs-plus
idea–expression dichotomy
idea–expression dichotomy

74. why ?

75. Brazil's Copyright Act 1998

76. Brazil's Copyright Act 1998
drafting 1988

77. 1980s
deficit US trade balance

78. 1980s
deficit US trade balance
IP

79. 1980s
deficit US trade balance
$43-61 bi. illegal copies
1980-87: $27 bi. surplus
$138 bi. deficit

80. 1986-94 Uruguay Round GATT – WTO
IP + trade (?)

81. US happy ?

82. + + + +

83. bilaterals . . .

84. unilateral . . .

85. royalties flow Brazil US
1994: $161 mi. + 645%
2004: $1.04 bi.

87. special 301
any interested person

88. special 301
1988: $39 mi. tariff penalties against BRA
concerned BRA + India lead block against TRIPs

89. special 301
BRA filed complain against US; which withdrew
the measure in 1990
BRA “faced a long battle searching for justice
in a trade system which was more about power
than about playing by the rules”
(Drahos with Braithwaite 2003)

90. special 301

1989: report from MPAA + IIPA

BRA, India, Mexico, China, Egypt, Korea,
Saudi Arabia, Taiwan + Thailand

91. special 301
2001-2006
BRA
“priority watch list”

92. special 301
IIPA report Feb. 11, 2008

93. special 301
relatório da IIPA de 11.02.2008

94. special 301
Nacional Copyright Forum (Dez. 2007)

Ivana Crivelli: lawyer, 1st VP ASPI, member
Copyright Committee OAB/SP

Vanisa Santiago: VP Inter-American Institute of
Copyright (IIDA)

Ícaro Martins: Pres. Association of Film Makers
(Apaci)

César Costa Filho: composer & lawyer, founder
Student Artistic Movement (MAU), Pres. Copyright
Defense Association (ADDAF) & ex-pres. Brazilian
Union of Writers (UBC)

95. special 301
relatório do USTR de 2006

96. IIPA

99. special 301
relatório da IIPA de 12.02.2007

102. special 301
IIPA report Feb. 18, 2010
only 25%
what about US' fair use ?

106. GNU/Linux

107. IIPA prefers “piracy”

108. “piracy”
problem or market strategy ?

109. Microsoft Windows
US BRA
MS Windows Vista MS Windows Vista
Business Full Business Full
+ +
MS Office MS Office
Professional 2007 Professional 2007
= =
$634.98 BRL$2,298.00
www.amazon.com 27.11.2007 www.submarino.com.br 27.11.2007

110. Microsoft Windows
US BRA
MS Windows Vista + Office MS Windows Vista + Office
= =
$634.98 BRL$2,298.00
$634.98 $1,255.73 (BRL$1.83 = $1)

111. Microsoft Windows
Pedro de Paranaguá Moniz: “Software Livre como Alternativa de Desenvolvimento e de Negócio: em busca da soberania
nacional”,Juruá, in “PI: estudos em homenagem à Prof. Maristela Basso”, sob coord. Patrícia Carvalho, ago. 2005

112. Microsoft Windows
Baseado em “First Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study”, de 2004. Cf.
http://www.bsa.org/globalstudy/

113. network effect

116. special 301
IIPA report Feb. 18, 2010
totally ignores MJ's initiative

121. Lawrence Lessig
“With the confirmation of the
[copyright] reform, you'll have the
most progressive copyright law in the
world”
http://bcufrgs.blogspot.com/2010/02/lessig-reforma-autoral-dara-ao-brasil.html

123. then . . .

133. who else ? ? ?

137. MinC

142. to worsen

145. lost chance ?

146. balance between
authors
+
owners / industry
+
society

148. investment <> A2K
1. economic reason for IP: innovation, creativity &
social welfare;
2. if rigid or ill formulated: stifle innovation,
creativity & access
Joseph Stiglitz, IP rights and wrongs, 16 ago. 2005

149. obrigado / thank you !
Pedro Paranaguá
pedro.paranagua@duke.edu