2. SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING
For Knowles (1975), "self-directed
learning describes a process in which
individuals take the initiative, with or
without the help of others, in diagnosing
their learning needs, formulating
learning goals, identifying human and
material resources for learning,
choosing and implementing appropriate
learning strategies, and evaluating
learning outcomes." (p18)
3. SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING STAGES
By Grow ( 1991).
Dependent students: they need to be
coached and motivated to be more
responsible with their learning.
Motivated students: They need to be
encouraged to reflect and self-manage
their learning.
Engaged learners: they need to be guided
to explore new topics, participate in
decision making, work more
collaboratively and interactively, and use
of new technologies.
Self-directed learners: they plan, monitor
and assess their own learning process.
What kind of student are you?
4. Teachers’ role in self-directed learning
Facilitators: They empower the
students with relevant resources,
methods and evaluative techniques in
order that they participate actively in
their learning process.
Encouragers: They foster the use of
self-access materials to be self-directed
learners.
Designers: They create Self-Access
Materials.
What of these roles does your English
teacher play?
5. Self-Access Materials
Self-access materials offer a range of
learning styles and encourage
students to reflect on their learning
process (Reinders, 2010).
ICT usage provides students with
more resources to practice at any
time and in any place.
Can you make a list of possible Self-
Access Materials?
6. REFERENCES
Grow (1991). Cited in Tompkins Cortland Community College and Dialogue on learning
(n.d). Creating a safe emotional Environment. Retrieved March 6th, 2012
from http://www.dialogueonlearning.tc3.edu/model/environment/Emotional%20Safety-
grp.htm
Knowles,M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning. New York: Association Press.
http://team6.metiri.wikispaces.net/file/view/Self-Directed+Learning+-+Malcom+Knowles.pdf
Reinders, H. 2010. ‘Towards a classroom pedagogy for learner autonomy: A framework of
independent language learning skills’. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 35, 5: 40-55.
Retrieved from:http://innovationinteaching.org/classroompedagogy/
Images
Drawing by Harold Lizarazo.
http://www.freegreatpicture.com/files/33/1957-fantasy-landscape.jpg
http://ioar.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/landscape-nature-photo.jpg
http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTQTh0xX1P3S5_b-ZRHYHaAdaDMO-
nN7RvLVrDAfWB1ef28fxbOKw
http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSTSLhfv11HxrvSwQd9rXANPTZzn7tQuFJUE1AQ89oU6TCpkkS
Ccw
http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQuHTavtnV_r0a4tLFE-Nylsp-
O9D7LtIFPhc13qtKBi2ZOY8yNvyLuh4Pw-Q
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Cloudhoppers.jpg
7. THANKS FOR YOUR
PARTICIPATION
Gloria Patricia Rincón Montoya
gparincon@gmail.com