Presentation for my PhD defense at University of Minho 29 January 2014.

1. An Interaction Abstraction Toolkit
for Public Display Applications
Jorge C. S. Cardoso
jorgecardoso@ieee.org
http://jorgecardoso.eu

2. Outline
●
●
●
●
●
●
Motivation
Objective
Challenges
Interaction Abstractions
Evaluation
Conclusion

3. Motivation: “We need to do better”

4. Motivation
Each display uses its own approach to
interactivity

5. Objective: Interaction abstractions for
public displays
“toolkits for novel and perhaps unfamiliar application areas enhance the
creativity of these programmers. By removing low-level implementation burdens
and supplying appropriate building blocks, toolkits give people a ‘language’ to
think about these new interfaces, which in turn allows them to concentrate on
creative designs.” - Greenberg, S. (2007). Toolkits and interface creativity.
Multimedia Tools and Applications, 32(2), 139–159.

6. Interaction in public displays
Focus
● Generic information displays
● Multi-user
● Shared environment
● Multiple input devices

7. Interaction in public displays
Challenges
● Very different interaction environment
○ What kind of abstractions are useful?
● No accepted interaction paradigms
○ No accepted set of “controls”
● Variety of interaction mechanisms

8. SMS

9. QR Codes

10. Gestures

11. Bluetooth

12. Touch

13. Keyboard + trackball!

14. What kind/level of abstractions?
● Footprints for socially-aware
display systems
○
Designers
● User Interaction Controls
○
Developers

15. Footprints for socially-aware display
systems
What information can the display gather from interactions
that can be used for context-aware content adaptation?
Focus on adaptation to the social situation around the
display
Abstract interaction mechanisms and application semantics

16. Footprints for socially-aware display
systems
❏
❏
Cardoso, J. C. S., & Jose, R. (2009). A Framework for Context-Aware Adaptation in Public Displays. In R. Meersman, P. Herrero, & T. Dillon (Eds.), On the Move to
Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2009 Workshops (Vol. 5872/2009, pp. 118–127). Vilamoura, Portugal: Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-052903_21
Jose, R., & Cardoso, J. C. S. (2011). Opportunities and Challenges of Interactive Public Displays as an Advertising Medium. In J. Mueller, F. Alt, & D. E. Michelis (Eds.),
Pervasive Advertising (pp. 139–157). Springer-Verlag London Limited. doi:10.1007/978-0-85729-352-7_7

17. Footprints for socially-aware display
systems

18. User Interaction Controls
❏
Cardoso, J. C. S., & José, R. (2013) Interaction tasks and controls for public display applications. Submitted to the International Journal on Human-Computer Interaction.
(under review)

19. PuReWidgets toolkit for web-based public display
applications
● High-level abstractions
○
Widgets
● Various controls
○
Action buttons, list boxes, text entry, download, upload, checkin
● Independence from interaction mechanism
❏
Cardoso, J. C. S., & José, R. (2012). Creating web-based interactive public display applications with the PuReWidgets toolkit. In Proceedings of the 11th International
Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia - MUM ’12 (p. 1). New York, New York, USA, Germany: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/2406367.2406434 (Demo)
❏
Cardoso, J. C. S., & José, R. (2012). The PuReWidgets Toolkit for Interactive Public Display Applications. In The International Symposium on Pervasive Displays. Porto,
Portugal. (Poster)
❏
Cardoso, J. C. S., & José, R. (2012). PuReWidgets: a programming toolkit for interactive public display applications. In S. R. José Creissac Campos, Simone D. J.
Barbosa, Philippe Palanque, Rick Kazman, Michael Harrison (Ed.), Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems EICS ’12 (p. 51). New York, NY, USA, Denmark: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/2305484.2305496

20. Widgets

21. Interaction
Touch
Text-based
QR codes
(SMS, email, …)
❏
Cardoso, J. C. S. (2014). Dynamic Graphical User Interface Generation for Web-based Public Display Applications. In Proceedings of the 4th
International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems (pp. 5–13). Lisbon, Portugal: SCITEPRESS Science and and Technology Publications. doi:10.5220/0004707500050013
Mobile
interface
(Automatically
generated)

22. Toolkit evaluation
System scalability
API usability
Real-world deployment
❏
❏
Cardoso, J. C. S., & José, R. (2013). Evaluation of a programming toolkit for interactive public display applications. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference
on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia - MUM ’13 (pp. 1–10). New York, New York, USA, Sweden: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/2541831.2541834
Cardoso, J. C. S., & José, R. (2011). Assessing Feedback for Indirect Shared Interaction with Public Displays. In R. Meersman, T. Dillon, & P. Herrero (Eds.), On the
Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2011 Workshops (Vol. 7046, pp. 553–561). Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25126-9_67
Author unknown. Taken from http://www.flixya.com/photo/2162704/BasikalBicycle

23. Conclusion: Summary of contributions
1.
A framework of digital footprints that designers of public displays can use to map several sensing and interaction
features to content adaptation strategies.
2.
A design space of interaction tasks and controls that can serve as a basis for programming toolkits that provide
high-level interaction widgets.
3.
Identification of the fundamental requirements for an interaction abstraction toolkit for public displays.
4.
The PuReWidgets software toolkit itself for incorporating interactive features into public display applications
5.
An in-breadth evaluation of the PuReWidgets toolkit along several dimensions, including the system’s
performance and scalability, the API usability, and a real-world deployment.
6.
Open-source software projects, allowing anyone to use, modify, and adapt for further research and development.
●
https://code.google.com/p/purewidgets/
i.
ii.
●
– The PuReWidgets toolkit .
– Three interactive public display applications
https://code.google.com/p/public-display-scheduler/ A Google Chrome extension that serves as an
application scheduler for public displays.

24. Conclusion: Summary of contributions
1.
2.
3.
Cardoso, Jorge C. S. (2014). Dynamic Graphical User Interface Generation for Web-based Public Display Applications. In Proceedings of the 4th
International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems (pp. 5–13). Lisbon, Portugal: SCITEPRESS - Science
and and Technology Publications.
Cardoso, J. C. S., & José, R. (2013) Interaction tasks and controls for public display applications. Submitted to the International Journal on HumanComputer Interaction. (under review)
Taivan, C., Rui José, Silva, B., Elhart, I., & Cardoso, J. (2013). Design considerations for application selection and control in multi-user public displays.
JUCS special issue: Towards Sustainable Computing through Ambient Intelligence.
4.
Cardoso, Jorge C. S., & José, R. (2013). Evaluation of a programming toolkit for interactive public display applications. In Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia - MUM ’13 (pp. 1–10). New York, New York, USA, Sweden: ACM Press.
5.
José, R., Cardoso, J., Alt, F., Clinch, S., & Davies, N. (2013). Mobile applications for open display networks: common design considerations. In
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays -- PerDis ’13 (pp. 97–102). ACM. doi:10.1145/2491568.2491590
Cardoso, Jorge C S, & José, R. (2012). Creating web-based interactive public display applications with the PuReWidgets toolkit. In Proceedings of the
11th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia - MUM ’12 (p. 1). New York, New York, USA, Germany: ACM Press.
Cardoso, Jorge C. S., & José, R. (2012a). The PuReWidgets Toolkit for Interactive Public Display Applications. In The International Symposium on
Pervasive Displays. Porto, Portugal. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.92165
Cardoso, Jorge C. S., & José, R. (2012b). PuReWidgets: a programming toolkit for interactive public display applications. In S. R. José Creissac
Campos, Simone D. J. Barbosa, Philippe Palanque, Rick Kazman, Michael Harrison (Ed.), Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCHI symposium on
Engineering interactive computing systems - EICS ’12 (p. 51). New York, NY, USA, Denmark: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/2305484.2305496
Cardoso, Jorge C. S., & José, R. (2011). Assessing Feedback for Indirect Shared Interaction with Public Displays. In Robert Meersman, T. Dillon, & P.
Herrero (Eds.), On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2011 Workshops (Vol. 7046, pp. 553–561). Springer Berlin / Heidelberg.
Jose, R., & Cardoso, J. C. S. (2011). Opportunities and Challenges of Interactive Public Displays as an Advertising Medium. In J. Mueller, F. Alt, & D.
E. Michelis (Eds.), Pervasive Advertising (pp. 139–157). Springer-Verlag London Limited. doi:10.1007/978-0-85729-352-7_7
Cardoso, Jorge C. S., & Jose, R. (2009). A Framework for Context-Aware Adaptation in Public Displays. In R. Meersman, P. Herrero, & T. Dillon
(Eds.), On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2009 Workshops (Vol. 5872/2009, pp. 118–127). Vilamoura, Portugal: Springer Berlin /
Heidelberg.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

25. Conclusion
● We need better tools to create applications
for open display networks
○ Interaction abstractions
● PuReWidgets is just one attempt/model

26. An Interaction Abstraction Toolkit
for Public Display Applications
Jorge C. S. Cardoso
jorgecardoso@ieee.org
http://jorgecardoso.eu