Diatoms Bio1 Camia (7,14,27)

CHARACTERISTICS
INTRODUCING ME…

Characteristic # 1

Diatoms are…

the most abundant
species in AQUATIC/
moist ecosystems

http://www.jm-derochette.be/images/Diatoms/Diatoms_1.jpg

Characteristic # 2

Diatoms are…

Azpeitia tabularis

Important: Photosynthetic
• Fucoxanthin
autotrophs
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/16036/enlarge,
http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Photoautotrophs.jpg

Characteristic # 3

Diatoms are…

Psammodictyon panduriforme UNICELLULAR
PROTISTS/ alga/
phytoplankton
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkPj0DIgZI/AAAAAAAAB38/QYLupyEthaw/s640/Diatom007.jpg,
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/botanicalsciences/majordivisions/kingdomprotista/Protists/98258d
.jpg

Characteristic # 4

Diatoms are…
Triceratium sp.

Biddulphia tridens

The most beautiful creatures
on earth
http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15909/350wm/B3050211-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg,
http://cdn.indulgy.com/78/b3/Q8/210684088788027965687KsAPSc.jpg

STRUCTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS
THAT’S WHAT MAKES THEM BEAUTIFUL!

Structural Characteristic # 1

Diatoms have…
Functions:
• Filtration/ Disinfection
• Industry (eg. toothpastes,
Epitheca soap)
• Gives them shape (boat-
like, rod-like, disk-like,
Hypotheca triangle-like)
• Gives them color

Stichodiscus sp.
Glass-like Cell
walls(Frustule)with
silica (siO2)
http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15918/530wm/B3050220-
Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg


http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/images/diat/diadiag01.gif


Diatoms have…
Functions:
• Photosynthesis
• Primary Food Source
• Vitamin D Source

Chlorophyll-like plastids
inside their cells

http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/chlorophyll/chphyll.gif


Diatoms have…
Functions:
• Oil production
• Floating
• Oil Deposits under the
ocean fuel Oil drops made of
• Storage of chemical energy
from photosynthesis
sugar & starch and
• Nitrogen production
volutin inside their cells


Diatoms have…
Functions:
• Oxygen and Nitrogen
Distribution
• Exchange of materials

Pores with
patterns on their
frustules
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkbPZID0nI/AAAAAAAAB4s/cyjz8FLyF_g/s640/
rad_diatoms.jpg


Diatoms have…
Effects:
• Immobility

NO cilia and
flagella
Aulacodiscus oregonus



Diatoms have…

Nitzschia reinholdii

Different sizes
Types:
Actinocylcus sp. • Centric and shapes
• Pennate

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkiNLuvrEI/AAAAAAAAB5c/9KwK--
vMrG8/s400/Diatom-2.jpg, http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15921/530wm/B3050223-

HABITAT
SOMEWHERE ONLY THEY KNOW

Habitats

Diatoms live in…

http://www.allabouthappylife.com/wallpaper/widescreen_wallpapers/blue_water/blue_ocea
n-dsc05506.jpg, https://cmsdata.iucn.org/img/freshwater_6352.jpg

Habitats
Habitats

Diatoms live in…

NO cilia and
flagella

http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_04_img0211.jpg

Habitats

http://cornellbiochem.wikispaces.com/file/view/Picture_1.png/139679067/301x313/
Picture_1.png

NUTRITION
MAKULAY ANG BUHAY SA SINABAWANG
GULAY!

Nutrition

Diatoms are…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__xEh1FrhLM,
http://mrhartansscienceclass.pbworks.com/f/1328587105/10-20-PhotosynthesisRev-L.gif

REPRODUCTION
I JUST HAD… (BLEEP)!

Asexual Reproduction

The shrinking phase
1. Cell division takes place.
2. The two valves (epitheca and hypotheca) separate.
3. Each valve forms an epivalve of the daughter cell while
hypovalves are secreted from the parent cells.
4. This results to one cell being the same size as the parent
cell while the other is smaller.
5. This process continues until cells reach about 30%-40%
of their original size.

Asexual Reproduction

http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/phytoplankton/images/diatom_asexual.j
pg

Sexual Reproduction

The growth phase
1. Meiotic Cell division
• Formation of eggs and monoflagellated sperms in
the parent cell
2. Fertilization
• Union of egg and sperm produces auxospore
3. Auxospore/Zygote Formation (Growth Phase)
• Splitting of the parent cell while continuing to grow
4. Test Secretion
• End of growth phase; new parent cell develops

Sexual Reproduction

http://rbg-
web2.rbge.org.uk/algae/auxospores/auxospore_files/cycle_reproduction.jpg

Reproductive Cycle

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Centric_diatom_lif
e-cycle.jpg/580px-Centric_diatom_life-cycle.jpg

Resting Spores

The inactivity phase
Skeletonema marinoi
When: Times of low nutrients
and low sunlight
What: Metabolically inactive
spores
How: Stored energy from
photosynthetic products &
thick and tough cell walls
Where: At the bottom of the
ocean

http://images.sciencedaily.com/2011/03/110301111658-large.jpg

Ecological Role # 1

Primary producers

http://oceansjsu.com/images/exped_ecoystems/arctic_marine_food_web_90.jpg

Ecological Role # 2

Important resource
• 20%-25% of the world’s carbon fixation
• 40% of the world’s oxygen (in the atmosphere)
• Vitamin D
• 23% of primary productivity in the world
• Oil/Fuel
• Silicon (SiO2)

Ecological Role # 3

Nutrient detector

PLANKTON BLOOM – when there is an abundance of
nutrients and excessive amount of sunlight in the ocean
http://oceansjsu.com/images/exer8/plankt1.gif

EXAMPLES
I’M NEVER CHANGING WHO I AM!

Example # 1

Triceratium moreirae
Where: (mentioned)
Southern Brazil
Who: L.F. Fernandes and
R.M. Sousa-Nosimann
When: 2001
What: 47-61 μm; convex,
tripolar valves; elevated
with ocellus and
rimoportula
http://www.scielo.br/img/fbpe/rbbio/v61n1/a20fig6b.gif

Example # 2

Lithodesmium undulatum
Where: warm, temperate
seas
Who: C.G. Ehrenberg
When: 1839
What: 37-93 μm; marginal
ridge with clear pattern of
perforation; undulated
sides; ‘wavy’


Example # 3

Baceteriastrum delicatulum
Where: (mentioned)
Mexico, Lebanon, UK,
Red Sea
Who: Cleve
When: 1897
What: 20-40 μm; circular
valves with bristles;
‘spider-like’

http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15931/large/B3050233-Diatom_alga,_SEM-
SPL.jpg

Sources
Becker, J. (1996). Diatom Reproduction. Retrieved October 26, 2012,
from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute:
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/john/basics/r
epro.htm
Biggs, A., Kapicka, C., & Lundgren, L. (1995). Biology: The Dynamics of
Life. Ohio: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill.
Braby, C. E. (2001). Diatoms. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Monterey
Bay Aquarium Research Institute:
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/phytoplankton/phytop
lankton_diatoms.htm
Braby, C. E. (2001). Diatoms Asexual Reproduction. Retrieved October
26, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute:
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/phytoplankton/phytop
lankton_diatom_asexual.HTM

http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg

Sources
Cuvelier, D. (2005, July 8). Bacteriastrum delicatulum Cleve, 189.
Retrieved October 27, 2012, from World Register of Marine
Species:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1641
08
Essenfield, B., Gontang, C., & Moore, R. (1996). Biology, 2nd Edition. US:
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
Fernandes, L., & de Souza-Mosimann, R. (2005, May 22). Triceratium
moreirae Sp Nov And Triceratium dubium Triceratiaceae
Bacillariophy. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Biblioteca:
http://biblioteca.universia.net/html_bura/ficha/params/title/tri
ceratium-moreirae-sp-nov-and-triceratium-dubium-
triceratiaceae-bacillariophyta-from/id/272002.html


Sources
Frazer, & Jennifer. (2010, March 28). Diatoms, or The Trouble With Life
in Glass Houses. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from The Artful
Amoeba: http://theartfulamoeba.com/2010/03/28/diatoms-or-
the-trouble-with-life-in-glass-houses/
Guiry, M. (2004, October 11). Triceratium moreirae. Retrieved October
27, 2012, from Seaweed Africa:
http://www.seaweedafrica.org/search/species/detail/?species_id
=140330
Guiry, M., & Guiry, G. (2002, April 23). Species Detail. Retrieved October
27, 2012, from Algaebase:
http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=38
373
Kaskel, A., Hummer, P. J., & Daniel, L. (1992). Biology: An Everyday
Experience. USA: Merrill Publishing Company.


Sources
Kuylenstierna, M., & Karlson, B. (2006, September 15). Lithodesmium
undulatum. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from SMHI:
http://www.smhi.se/oceanografi/oce_info_data/plankton_check
list/diatoms/lithodesmium_undulatum.htm
Life XMU. (n.d.). Centric & Pennate template. Retrieved October 27,
2012, from Life XMU:
http://life.xmu.edu.cn/diatom/diatomphoto/Centric%20diatoms
/htmldir/0000008e.htm
Miller, K., & Levine, J. (2008). Biology: the Dragonfly Book. US: Prentice
Hall.
Oktar, A. (2011, April 1). The Microscopic living being that forms the oil
fields: Diatom. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Harun Yahya:
http://harunyahya.com/en/works/40358/the-microscopic-living-
being-that


Sources
Pece. (2011, January 20). PSYCHEDELIC DIATOMS. Retrieved October
26, 2012, from Predict Weather @ Blogspot:
http://predictweather.blogspot.com/2011/01/psychedelic-
diatoms.html
Prescott, L. M., Harley, J., & Klein, D. (2005). Microbiology. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Science Photo Library. (n.d.). Jewels of the Sea. Retrieved October 26,
2012, from Science Photo Library:
http://www.sciencephoto.com/set/1277/jewels-of-the-sea
Seeberg-Elverfeldt, I. A. (2004). Laminated diatomaceous sediments of
the Red Sea, their composition and significance as recorders of
abrupt changes in productivity and circulation during the Late
Quaternary. Bremen, Germany.


Sources
Shin, J. (1999). Intro to Diatoms. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute:
http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/intro
a.htm

* Photo sources are inserted in the slides.


Diatoms Bio1 Camia (7,14,27)

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