The document discusses several initiatives aimed at improving education in different contexts and communities, as well as some unintended consequences that arose. It notes how efforts to strengthen "custom" or kastom among the Kwaio people in Solomon Islands ended up incorporating the researcher into their project, rather than vice versa. Another case discusses how a program in Ladakh aimed at improving education outcomes instead led many parents to choose private schooling, reducing social cohesion. A Tibetan nomadic education program is described, but concerns are raised about very young children being left at remote schools for long periods with few carers. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding historical contexts, unintended consequences, and involving all stakeholders when developing education initiatives.

1. Initiatives Resistances or Reproduction

4. CASE 1: Operation New Hope SECMOL (Ladakhi NGO) Ladakhi dept of Education Village Education Committees (VECs) In 1996-98, 95% of Ladakhi students failed the state 10th class exams every year

9. From TCV website Child in Changtang TCV school 2008 Was having three year olds lodging with few carers the intention of this initiative? (Should say that they said they enjoy it at the school)

11. Criteria for Successful Projects Time Purpose – does it fit? is it correct? Acceptance by all actors Practical Has clear benefits Fits the values of the school Is holistic Affordable Contains evaluation/reflection Good planning/management Acknowledges relaity Clear identification of problem Acknowledgement of historical context Consider side effects Does no harm for minorities