2. 20th Century U.S. Wars
1898: 1914 ‐ 1918: 1939‐ 1945: 1945 ‐ 1989
Spanish‐American World War I: World War II: Cold War
War Europe Europe 1950 ‐ 1953 1960 ‐ 1975
Korean War Vietnam War
1917 ‐ 1918: 1941‐ 1945:
World War I: World War II:
United States United States
Why did we enter each war?
What was our national interest?
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7. OUR QUESTIONS FOR THE DAY
1.) How did World War I end?
2.) What did President Wilson hope to get out of the peace?
3.) What actually happened instead and why?
4.) Why did the U.S. Senate fail to ratify the Treaty of
Versailles?
5.) What were the lasting implications of this failure?
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8. Turning Points in Ending World War I
`
March 1917 April 1917 June 1917 Nov. 1917 Nov. 1918
German U Boat U.S. Declares War American Forces Bolshevik Revolution Armistice Ends War
War Intensifies on Germany Arrive in Europe in Russia
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9. The Peace Conference
The Palace of Versailles, January 1919
The Big 4: President Wilson, Prime Minister Lloyd George
(England), Prime Minister George Clemenceau (France) and
Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Imagine you can step in the minds of these four world
leaders as they discuss their hopes for the upcoming peace
conference. What are they concerned about? What are their
goals?
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12. The Senate Debate Over the League of Nations
Internationalists Mild Reservationists Strong Reservationists Irreconcilables
President Wilson Senator Hitchcock Senator Lodge Senator Borah
27 Senate Democrats 20 Senate Republicans 7 Senate Republicans 14 Senate Republicans
20 Senate Democrats 1 Democrat
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13. Covenant of the League of Nations
Article X
quot;The Members of the League undertake to
respect and preserve as against external
aggression the territorial integrity and
existing political independence of all
Members of the League. In case of any such
aggression or in case of any threat or
danger of such aggression the Council shall
advise upon the means by which this
obligation shall be fufilled.quot;
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14. The Senate Vote
November 19, 1919
Treaty + Lodge Reservations
Senate Democrats + Irreconcilables Voted Against = 55
Lodge Reservationists = 39
The Senate Vote
March 19, 1920
Treaty Lodge Reservations
Still Failed!
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