34. Hot water extraction machine Solvent Extraction Machine
Carpet Shampooing Machine
Scrubber-dryer-sweeper High pressure washer
35. Type of Equipment: Taski 450 smm (18'') brush, low-speed
machine S. No. SM 381
Date of Purchase Date First Used
Cost of Machine Attachments Cost
Period of Gurantee Life Expectancy
Specific User(if any) Other users
Location of area where used Other areas
Supplier
Local Representative Servicing Details
Sample card for Equipment Indexing
•Up to date information
•Location of equipment, who operates
•Cost details
•Servicing details
•When purchasing new equipments gives relaibility check
36. SELECTION OF CLEANING EQUIPMENTS
SAFETY SUITABILITY
VERSATILITY WORK PERFORMANCE
EASE OF HANDLING PORTABILITY
DURABILITY NOISE LEVEL
AVAILABILITY of spare parts PROTECTIVE DESIGN
EASE OF STORAGE COST
39. •Water that contains more than 60ppm(particles per million) of
calcium/magnesium is called hard water.
•When the mineral content is in the range of 61-120ppm, the water is said to
moderately hard and if its exceeds 180ppm the water is considered very hard.
•Temperory Hardness
•Caused by bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.
•Can be removed simply by heating the water above 72 degree Celcius
•Permenant Hardness
•Caused by sulphates and chloride of magnesium and calcium.
•EFFECTS OF HARD WATER
•Does not allow lather formation from soaps and detergents. Means
more use of detergents to get the desired result.
•Premature ageing of fabrics due to constant friction with the deposits
from hard water. Becomes coarse and uncomfortable to work
•Can cause discolouration
•Gives rotten-egg odour.
40. •Water which has more than 50ppm hardness needs to be softened.
•The reaction that happens in the removal of temporary hardness
•Ca(HCO3)2 → CaCO3↓ + CO2↑ + H2O
•Mg(HCO3)2→MgCO3 + CO2↑ + H2O / MgCO3 + H2O→ Mg(OH)2↓ + CO2↑
•Alkali Method – Calcium Hydroxide(Ca(OH)2) is used to remove the
hardness from the water
•Lime soda method – Sodium carbonate and calcium hydroxide are used.
•Addition of sequestering/chelating agents – Organic compounds that react
with metallic ions and form a complex. These metallic ions will be present in
the water but will unable to ract with soap or detergent, thus making water
soft.
•Ion-exchange method – hard water is made to get into zeolite. Any hardness
in the water through this process is completely removed.
•Organic Base Exchange Method – Organic-base exchangers are synthetic
resins containing the sulphonic and carboxylic acid group.
42. The Cleaning Agents that are used with water, loosen and remove dirt and
hold it apart so that it does not stick again
Types of Detergent
Soapy Detergent Synthetic Detergent
Basic Properties of Detergent:
•Good wetting power – enable the surface of the article to be thoroughly wet.
•Good emulsifying power – to breakup the grease and enable the dirt to to be
loosened
•Good suspending power – to suspend the dirt in solution, thus preventing its
deposition.
Composition of Detergent
1. Active Ingredients – These lower the surface tension between water and
the cloth. The are natural oils or fats or obtained from petrochemicals
2. Builders – They give bulk to the detergents. They are added to improve
handling and dilution property. E.g. Water for liquid detergent and
sodium sulfate for powder
3. Additives – Added for extra effect. Bleaching agents, bluing agents,
fluorescent brighteners, enzymes, and so on.
43. Powdered Detergents
Pro: They're generally cheaper.
Pro: The cardboard packaging is more eco-friendly.
Con: Some people think they don't dissolve as well in water. This may have been a problem with some of the first
powdered detergents, but these days, most powders are designed to readily dissolve in water.
Con: Sodium sulphate can wreak havoc on septic systems.
Con: Powders contain more chemicals compared with liquids, due to the filler.
Liquid Detergent
Pro: The detergent is already pre-dissolved.
Pro: You can pre-treat stains by pouring it directly onto clothes.
Con: They're usually more expensive than powdered detergent.
Con: They have plastic packaging, which is less eco-friendly.
How Detergents work
Every detergent molecule has hydrophilic head, hydrophobic and oleophillic tail.
1. Wetting Action –
• Lowers surface tension
2. Emulsifying action –
• The grease gets attracted, trapped and gets removed from the fabric
3. Suspending action –
• Since the grease is trapped now this due to fact that the hydrophilic heads at the other end
from the grease molecule are attracted to water. The surfactant carry mild charge which
repel each other. This also aids in suspending power of detergent.
45. Less Expensive
Effective only in soft water
•Toilet soap
•Different for guest rooms and for cloak rooms
•Soap powders
•Soap flakes – Simplest of all detergent, they dissolve easily and are used
for delicate fabrics washed at low temperatures.
Not affected by hard water and have good suspending power
Alkaline detergents are widely used in housekeeping as they are very strong
detergents and removes grease.
•Liquid synthetic detergent
•Powdered synthetic detergent
•Solvent-based detergent
•Biological detergent
•Disinfecting detergent/sanitizers
46. 1. Have good wetting, emulsifying and wetting powers
2. Readily dissolve in water
3. Cleanse quickly with minimum agitation
4. Be effective in all ranges of hard water, without producing scum
5. Be effective over a wide range of temperature
6. Be harmless to the skin and the surface to be cleaned
7. Be easy to rinse away
8. Be biodegradable
1. Dilute as per manufacture’s recommendations
2. Use right detergent for surface to be cleaned
3. Use protective gloves when using strong detergents
4. Dissolve the detergent thoroughly before use.
5. Rinse away all traces of detergent from the surface and any cleaning equipment
employed.
6. Label detergent containers neatly
7. Store detergent containers in a dry, well-ventilated storage area.
8. Wipe up any spilled detergent, as it may be safety hazard
47. TASKI R1 is a fully formulated cleaner-cum-
sanitizer for cleaning and sanitizing
all surfaces in the bathroom, viz sink, tub,
tiles, floor and fittings. This pleasantly
scented
product does not contain any abrasives or
bleach. TASKI R1 is safe for use on
marble and granite.
TASKI R2 is a concentrated general purpose cleaner-cum-sanitizer.
This pleasantly scented product which does not contain any abrasives
or bleaches, is ideal for the quick and gentle cleaning of all hard
surfaces (e.g. TV cabinets, photo frames, telephones, etc.) Including
glass and mirrors.
TASKI R2 is recommended for use on shiny floor surfaces like
polished marble, granite, etc.
TASKI R3 is a concentrated cleaner for cleaning all types of glass and
mirrors. Regular cleaning of windows, glass display cases and mirrors
with TASKI R3,leaves the surface clean and streak-free.
48. TASKI R4 SHINE-UP is a product formulated for wooden furniture
maintenance. When used daily it cleans and leaves a deep, lustrous
sheen on wooden furniture.
TASKI R5 is a water-based air freshener featuring a pleasing floral perfume
which deodorizes guestrooms, banquet halls and office rooms.
TASKI R6 is an effective toilet cleaner specially formulated to remove lime-
scaledeposits and stubborn stains. It leaves toilet bowls and urinals sparkling
clean.
TASKI R7 is an effective floor cleaner. It can be used for both wet mopping as
well as scrubbing with a machine.
49. Highly effective acid based descaler for kettles. Effectively removes
lime scale without the need for scrubbing
TASKI R9 is a fully formulated cleaner for cleaning all fittings and walls in
the bathroom viz. sink, tub, tiles and fittings. It is specifically formulated for hard
water conditions. Regular usage of TASKI R9 prevents scale deposition on walls
and fittings.
Suma i n o x is a specially formulated polish for care of stainless
steel that protects against grease and water splashes leaving the
surface with a bright finish. It can be used on stainless steel doors
(specially refrigerators and freezer doors) and outside surface of
stainless steel equipment.
56. Bed Linen Types Sizes in In. Sizes in Cm
Sheets Single 80*117 203*295
Double 90*108 225*270
Queen 108*117 270*295
King 117*126 295*315
Crinckle Sheet Single 72*108 180*270
Double 90*108 225*270
Pillow Cases Standard 20*30 50*75
King Size 20*36 50*90
Blankets Single 70*100 175*250
Double 90*100 225*250
Queen 100*117 250*295
Duvet Covers Single 55*80 135*200
Double 70*75 175*190
Bed Spreads Varies with Bed Size. Should just touch the floor
Mattress Protectors Sngl or Dbl Slightly shorter than sheets
62. •HK is the custodians of uniforms for all hotel Employees
•Exchanged at uniform room on one-for-one basis
•There should be two uniforms per employee and upon confirmation third set
should be made.
•Purpose of Uniform
•Well groomed appearance
•Identifing hotel staff and differentiating them from guest
•Work comfort
•Encouraging a feeling of belonging in the employees of the organization.
•Should be well fit and allow for comfort of movement.
•Half length sleeves for employees who do hands-on work.
•Pockets are handy and always helpful.
•Elements of traditional