This document discusses adjective clauses, including their placement and structure. It explains that an adjective clause embeds one sentence within another as a modifier. It discusses the different relative pronouns used as subjects or objects of the main and embedded clauses for both people and things. It also covers using whose to indicate possession, and where and when as relative pronouns for place and time. Finally, it distinguishes between identifying and non-identifying adjective clauses.

1. Unit 12 Grammar
Presentation
Pages 199-200

2. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: PLACEMENT
MAIN CLAUSE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Noun/Pron
oun
Relative
Pronoun
They met a woman who teaches
psychology.
I’ve read everything that
discusses
her
work.

3. AN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE EMBEDS (BURIES)
ONE SENTENCE INSIDE ANOTHER:
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
I met a woman who teaches psychology.
Main
Sentence
I met a woman.
Embedded
Sentence
The woman teaches psychology.

4. AN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE EMBEDS (BURIES)
ONE SENTENCE INSIDE ANOTHER:
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
I’ve read everything that discusses her
work.
Main
Sentence
I’ve read everything.
Embedded
Sentence
Everything discusses her work.

5. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:
WHO AND THAT
PEOPLE
I have a friend who loves to talk.
I have friends that love to talk.

6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:
WHO AND THAT
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
I have a friend who loves to talk. =
I have a friend that loves to talk.
Main
Sentence
I have a friend.
Embedded
Sentence
The friend loves to talk.

7. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:
WHO AND THAT
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
I have friends who love to talk. =
I have friends that love to talk.
Main
Sentence
I have friends.
Embedded
Sentence
The friends love to talk.

8. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:
WHICH AND THAT
THINGS
This is a book which is useful
These are
books
that are useful.

9. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:
WHICH AND THAT
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
This is a book which is useful. =
This is a book that is useful.
Main
Sentence
This is a book.
Embedded
Sentence
The book is useful.

10. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS SUBJECTS:
WHICH AND THAT
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
These are books which are useful. =
These are books that are useful.
Main
Sentence
These are books.
Embedded
Sentence
The books are useful.

11. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS:
WHOM, THAT, 0
PEOPLE
This is the
doctor
who(m)
that
0
we consulted.

12. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS:
WHOM, THAT, 0
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
This is the doctor whom we consulted. =
This is the doctor who we consulted. =
This is the doctor we consulted.
Main
Sentence
This is the doctor.
Embedded
Sentence
We consulted the doctor.
Explanation You can omit the relative pronoun if it
replaces the object of the embedded
sentence.

13. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS:
WHICH, THAT, 0
THINGS
This is the
test
which
that
0
he gave us.

14. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS:
WHICH, THAT, 0
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
This is the test which he gave us. =
This is the test that he gave us. =
This is the test he gave us.
Main
Sentence
This is the test.
Embedded
Sentence
He gave us the test.
Explanation You can omit the relative pronoun if it
replaces the object of the embedded
sentence.

15. WHOSE + NOUN TO INDICATE
POSSESSION
PEOPLE
She is the woman whose son is so famous.
She is the woman whose son I am tutoring.

16. WHOSE + NOUN TO INDICATE
POSSESSION
THINGS
It’s the book whose reviews were so good.
It’s the book whose reviews I have just read.

17. WHOSE + NOUN TO INDICATE
POSSESSION
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
This is the woman whose son is famous.
Main
Sentence
This is the woman.
Embedded
Sentence
The woman’s son is famous.
Explanation Use whose when there is a possessive in
the embedded sentence.

18. WHERE AND WHEN IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
WHERE
Place
Remember the
café
where we met.

19. WHERE AND WHEN IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
Remember the café where we met.
Main
Sentence
Remember the café.
Embedded
Sentence
We met at the café.
Explanation Use where as the relative pronoun when
the embedded sentence contains a
preposition of place.

20. WHERE AND WHEN IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
WHEN
Time
I remember
the day
(when)
(that)
0
we parted.

21. WHERE AND WHEN IN ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
Sentence
with
Adjective
Clause
I remember the day when we parted. =
I remember the day that we parted. =
I remember the day we parted.
Main
Sentence
I remember the day.
Embedded
Sentence
We parted on that day.
Explanation Use when for the relative pronoun when
the embedded sentence contains a
preposition of time

22. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: IDENTIFYING OR
NON-IDENTIFYING
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES THAT IDENTIFY
The woman who/that created the test
studied psychology.
The test which/that/0 she created describes
personality types.

23. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: IDENTIFYING OR
NON-IDENTIFYING
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES THAT DO NOT IDENTIFY
Myers, who created the test, was a Jungian
psychologist.
The Myers-Briggs test, which she and her
daughter created, describes personality
types.