1. Chapter 6 Trait Theory Criminology 8 th edition Larry J. Siegel
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. Problems With Early Positivist Theories The research of the earliest positivists (who were biologists) was plagued by poor: Methodology Testing Logic
9.
10.
11.
12. Biosocial Theory: Biochemical Perspective Crime, especially violence, is a function of diet, vitamin intake, hormonal imbalance, or food allergies. CAUSE Explains irrational violence. Shows how the environment interacts with personal traits to influence behavior. STRENGTHS
13.
14.
15. Biosocial Theory: Neurological Perspective Criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment, as measured by the EEG. Attention deficit disorder and minimum brain dysfunction are related to antisocial behavior. CAUSE Explains irrational violence. Shows how the environment interacts with personal traits to influence behavior. STRENGTHS
16.
17. Biosocial Theory: Genetic Perspective Criminal traits and predispositions are inherited. The criminality of parents can predict the delinquency of children. CAUSE Explains why only a small percentage of youth in a high-crime area become chronic offenders . STRENGTHS
18. Biosocial Theory: Evolutionary Perspective As the human race evolved, traits and characteristics have become ingrained. Some of these make people aggressive and predisposed to commit crime. CAUSE Explains high violence rates and aggregate gender differences in the crime rate. STRENGTHS
19.
20.
21.
22. Psychological Theory: Psychodynamic Perspective Major Premise….. The development of the unconscious personality early in childhood influence behavior for the rest of a person’s life. Criminals have weak egos and damaged personalities i.e., anger, sexuality, tendencies. Created by Sigmund Freud. Strengths…. Explains the onset of crime and why crime and drug abuse cut across class lines.
23. Psychological Theory: Behavioral Perspective Major Premise….. People commit crime when they model their behavior after others they see being rewarded for the same acts. Behavior is reinforced by rewards and extinguished by punishment, i.e., learning processes. Strengths…. Explains the role of significant others in the crime process. Shows how family life and media can influence crime and violence.
24. Social Learning Theory (Life Experiences) Factors that help produce violence and aggression . Behavior and values become consistent Expected outcomes - rewards Learned aggressive skills An event that heightens arousal
25. Psychological Theory: Cognitive Theory Major Premise….. Individual reasoning processes influence behavior. Reasoning is influenced by the way people perceive their environment and by their moral and intellectual development, i.e., thinking, memory, ethical values. Strengths…. Shows why criminal behavior patterns change over time as people mature and develop their moral reasoning. May explain aging-out process.
26. Crime and Mental Illness A great deal of early research efforts found that many offenders who engage in serious, violent crimes suffer from some sort of mental disturbance. However, empirical evidence has contradicted this. Research shows that upon release, prisoners who had prior histories of hospitalization for mental disorders were less likely to be rearrested than those who had never been hospitalized . Mentally disordered inmates who do recidivate upon release appear to do so for the same reasons as the mentally sound.
27. Personality and Crime - Trait Personality can be defined as the reasonably stable patterns of behavior, including thoughts and emotions that distinguish one person from another. Personality reflects a characteristic way of adapting to life’s demands and problems. Psychopaths Sociopaths Anti-Social Personalities I Abnormal Affect
![QUESTION ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)