1. Part 2
I)Type of foundation
After we done some research about the terrace houses, we found out that the land
before the terrace houses are built is used to be a palm oil field, so it contained cohesive soils. If
a land contained of cohesive soil, pilled foundation is the most suitable type of foundation for the
building to be build up. Generally, piled foundation is meant by a group of piles that supports a
superstructure and to transmit to load of a superstructure through weak and unstable soil
condition. Pile that attached to pile caps is called piled foundation.
Piled foundation can be separate into 3 groups, which are end bearing pile, friction pile
and the combination of end bearing and friction pile:
1. End bearing pile: where the pile acts as column. The shaft passes through soft soffit
and the base of the shaft rests on bedrocks/ penetrates dense sand/ gravel.("Integrated
publishing ," )
2. Friction pile: where the pile embedded in cohesive soil, often firm clay. The load is
transferred to the adjoining soil by friction between the pile and the surrounding
soil.("Integrated publishing ," )
3. Combination of end bearing and friction pile: where a pile may pass through a fairly
soft soil that provides frictional resistance and then into a form layer which develops a
load-carrying capacity by both end bearing and friction over a rather short length of
embedment.("Integrated publishing ," )
In this case, we assumed that the terrace houses are using the end bearing pile
foundation with reinforced pile. This is because the piles of the foundation pass through the
soft, cohesive soil and the base of the piles rest on a hard surface. Besides that, it is a 3
storey terrace house that built on a land that used to be a palm oil field, so using an end
bearing pile foundation is more suitable than other type of foundation.

2. II) Type of slabs
Non suspended slab
Non suspended slab is basically a slab normally laid above the ground directly which
transmit the applied floor or roof loads to their supports. This slab is much more similar to
beams which are span horizontally between supports and maybe simply supported,
continuously supported or cantilevered. This slab is relatively thin structural members which are
normally used as floors and occasionally as roof systems in multi storey buildings. This non
suspended slab is usually 150 to 300mm deep. (Build Right) Therefore, non suspended slab are
used on the ground floor of the terrace house.
Suspended slab
Depends on the observation that we have made about the terrace houses, we found out
that the type of slab of the ground slabs for the terrace houses are reinforced concrete nonsuspended slabs, while for the first floor slabs, second floor slabs and the roof slabs of the
terrace houses are all suspended reinforced concrete slabs. Basically, suspended slab is meant
by the edges of the slab are supported on beam, wall, or column that carry their own weight and
imposed loading. In this case, we observed that the first floor slabs, second floor slabs and the
roof slabs of the terrace houses are all supported on the beams, so we considered that they all
are suspended slabs.("The concrete society," )

3. III) Type of roof
Type of roof used in this three storey terrace house is pitched roof. The slope to the
horizontal for this roof lies between 10° to 70° which is consider as pitched roof. Moreover, the
pitched roofs are constructed with equal slopes pitched to a central ridge. (Emmitt & A.Gorse,
2010)
There are many types of pitched roof which is couple roof, collar roof, double roof, hipped
end roof, gambrel roof, mansard roof and gamble roof etc. Based on the investigation, gable
roof looks suitable to this three terrace house. This is because gable roof is the generally
triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof. (Chudley, Greeno, Hurst &
Topliss, 2011) It has two slope meeting at ridge and two walls extend to the ridge.
Moreover, Trusses are essentially a triangulated system of straight interconnected structural
element which connected at nodes. The external forces applied to the system and the reactions
at the supports are generally applied at the nodes. (SteelConstruction.info) Based on the
research, trusses used for this terrace house are prefabricated timber roof trusses and steel
trusses. It also consists of both king post and queen post truss which shown on the drawing of
roof trusses.

4. References
1. Build Right. (n.d.). Concrete slabs. Retrieved from
http://toolboxes.flexiblelearning.net.au/demosites/series10/10_01/content/bcgbc4010a/0
4_struct_members/06_concrete_slabs/page_001.htm
2. Chudley, R., Greeno, R., Hurst, M., & Topliss, S. (2011). Constuction technologyr. (5th
sed., pp. 246-298). London: Pearson Education Limited.
3. Emmitt, S., & A.Gorse, C. (2010). Barry’s introduction to construction buildings. (2nd ed.,
pp. 304-392). United Kingdom: Wiley Blackwell.
4. Integrated publishing. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://enginemechanics.tpub.com/14081/css/14081_349.htm
5. SteelConstruction.info. (n.d.). Trusses. Retrieved from
http://www.steelconstruction.info/Trusses
6. The concrete society. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.concrete.org.uk/fingertips_nuggets.asp?cmd=display&id=245