1. The Pollution from a Phosphate fertilizer Plant By Prof.Dr. Tarek Elnimr (Tanta University, EGYPT)

2. The Pollution from a Phosphate fertilizer Plant and its Effects on Human and ecological Health By Prof.Dr. Tarek Elnimr (Tanta University, EGYPT)

6. Fertilizer Sediment Water Plant Experimental Methods (I) Sampling Samples Characteristics Sample Preparation Fertilizer Sediment Water Plant pH TOM Fluoride TDS( total dissolved salt) Bicarbonate

8. Radiation hazard indices calculations Absorbed dose rate: (world average value = 59 nGy h -1 ) D (nGy h -1 ) = 0.462 C U (Bq kg -1 ) + 0.604 C Th (Bq kg -1 ) + 0.0417 C K (Bq kg -1 ) Radium equivalent (world average value = 370 Bq kg -1 ) Ra eq (Bq kg -1 ) = C Ra (Bq kg -1 ) + 1.43 C Th (Bq kg -1 ) + 0.077 C K (Bq kg -1 ) external hazard index H ex : internal hazard index H in :

9. Results Characteristics of samples Radioactivity content measurements pH, TOM, TDS and Bicarbonate Fertilizer, sediment, water and plant XRF measurements Fertilizer and sediment concentration - correlation - comparison F content

10. Characteristics of Samples

12. Fig. 3.1. The fluoride concentration (mg/g) for sediment samples collected from up stream, wastewater discharge pipe and down stream locations. The solid and dotted lines show the mean value for each group and one standard deviation (1σ), respectively .

13. Fig. 3.2. The fluoride concentration (mg/l) for water samples collected from up stream, wastewater discharge pipe and down stream locations. The solid and dotted lines show the mean value for each group and one standard deviation (1σ), respectively .

14. Heavy metals concentration

15. Fig. 3.3. Examples of some selected X-ray spectra of the fertilizer samples (F3 and F5) and background measured with the Si(Li) detector.

17. Fig. 3.4. The elemental concentration (mg/kg) for sediments samples collected from different locations. The solid and dotted lines show the mean value for each group and one standard deviation (1σ), respectively

18. Table 3.3. The correlation coefficients between the concentrations of any two elements determined in phosphate fertilizer and sediment samples assuming a linear relation. Sr Sn Ba Fe Phosphate Fertilizer Samples Sr 1.00 Sn 0.15 1.00 Ba 0.11 0.3 1.00 Sediment Samples Sr 1.00 Sn 0.55 1.00 Ba 0.07 0.14 1.00 Fe 0.76 0.29 0.10 1.00

19. Radioactivity concentration

21. Table 3.5. Continued.

22. Fig.3.5. Gamma-ray spectra of the fertilizer sample (F4) and background measured using HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors. All energies are in keV.

23. Fig. 3.6. The concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in phosphate raw (F1 and F2), fertilizer products (F3, F4, F5 and F6), waste product (F7) known as phosphogypsum measured using NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors.

24. Fig. 3.7. The concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K for sediment samples collected from different locations measured using NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors.

25. Fig. 3.8. The activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 k for sediment samples collected from different locations. The solid and dotted lines show the mean value for each group and one standard deviation (1σ), respectively.

26. Fig. 3.9. The activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 k for water samples collected from different locations. The solid and dotted lines show the mean value for each group and one standard deviation (1σ), respectively.

27. Fig. 3.10. The activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 k for plant samples collected from different locations. The solid and dotted lines show the mean value for each group and one standard deviation (1σ), respectively.

28. Fig. 3.11. The mean concentration of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K for sediment samples collected from different locations. The ranges are shown as boxes while mean values are shown as solid circles .

29. Fig. 3.14. The concentration of 226 Ra for super phosphate raw, single super phosphate, triple super phosphate and phosphogypsum samples. The ranges are shown as boxes while mean or single values are shown as close circles.

30. Fig. 3.17. The concentration of 226 Ra for sediment, plant and water samples. The ranges are shown as boxes while mean or single values are shown as close circles .

31. Table 3.8. The correlation coefficients between the concentration of any isotope in fertilizer, sediment and water samples, and Sr, Sn, Ba and Fe heavy metals concentrations and other characteristics. 226 Ra 232 Th 40 K Super Phosphate Fertilizer Samples Sr 0.85 0.55 0.0005 Sn 0.06 0.18 0.03 Ba 0.49 0.86 0.39 F 0.79 0.41 0.34 pH 0.51 0.06 0.19 Sediment Samples Sr 0.19 0.11 0.60 Sn 0.28 0.47 0.50 Ba 0.82 0.09 0.13 Fe 0.23 0.82 0.04 F 0.56 0.06 0.44 pH 0.01 0.23 0.04 TOM 0.22 0.75 0.30 Water Samples F 0.19 0.13 0.27 pH 0.55 0.27 0.53 Bicarbonate 0.6 0.29 0.52 Salinity 0.1 0.5 0.77

33. Fig. 3.20. The concentration of Ra eq for super phosphate raw material and super phosphate fertilizer samples. The ranges are shown as boxes while mean or single values are shown as close circles.

37. Thank you for your attention

38. Study Area

39. Table 2.1. Some information of the collected fertilizer samples . Samples code Commercial Name Composition Comments F1 Read sea raw materials (31%) 31% P 2 O 5 Collected from selected company F2 Abu-Tartor raw materials (29%) 29% P 2 O 5 Collected from selected company F3 Single super phosphate (end product) 18.20% P 2 O 5 Collected from selected company F4 Triple super phosphate 40 - 48 % P 2 O 5 Collected from local market F5 Super phosphate (abo nakla) 18.20% P 2 O 5 Collected from local market F6 Improved super phosphate 0.5 P 2 O + 23 Ca + 18 S Collected from local market F7 Phosphogypsum CaSO 4 . x H 2 O Collected from local market F8 Fero Fert (19 N -19 P - 19K) + Mg + T.E Collected from local market F9 Crystal Nasser (20 N- 20 P- 20 K) + T.E Collected from local market F10 Chema 33.5% 33.5 N + 0.06 Ca + 2 MgNO 3 + 0.2 S Collected from local market F11 Chema 33.5% azote 33.5% azote Collected from local market F12 Urea 46% azote + 0.2%S Collected from local market

40. Fertilizer Sampling Sediment Plant Water ~24l: ~0.3l V=300 cc ~1.5l for characteristics 20 ml (F, pH, TDS, Bicarbonate) ~2 kg with depth~20-30cm V=150cc 10 gm (TOM) 0.5 gm (F) 2 gm (pH ) ~1 gm (XRF) ~5 kg fresh weight V=300cc 0.5 kg V=150cc 3 gm (F) 10 gm (pH) ~1 gm (XRF)

43. Fluoride Measurment Fertilizer, sediment and water samples Ion Selectivity Meter (Orion EA 940) at Water & Soil Analysis Unit, Central Lab., Desert Research Center

44. Table 2.1. Some information of the collected fertilizer samples . Samples code Commercial Name Composition Comments F1 Read sea raw materials (31%) 31% P 2 O 5 Collected from selected company F2 Abu-Tartor raw materials (29%) 29% P 2 O 5 Collected from selected company F3 Single super phosphate (end product) 18.20% P 2 O 5 Collected from selected company F4 Triple super phosphate 40 - 48 % P 2 O 5 Collected from local market F5 Super phosphate (abo nakla) 18.20% P 2 O 5 Collected from local market F6 Improved super phosphate 0.5 P 2 O + 23 Ca + 18 S Collected from local market F7 Phosphogypsum CaSO 4 . x H 2 O Collected from local market F8 Fero Fert (19 N -19 P - 19K) + Mg + T.E Collected from local market F9 Crystal Nasser (20 N- 20 P- 20 K) + T.E Collected from local market F10 Chema 33.5% 33.5 N + 0.06 Ca + 2 MgNO 3 + 0.2 S Collected from local market F11 Chema 33.5% azote 33.5% azote Collected from local market F12 Urea 46% azote + 0.2%S Collected from local market

45. Radioactivity concentration measurements Using γ -ray spectrometer employing 5"×5" NaI(Tl) and 10%HPGe detector Experimental Methods (II) Heavy metal concentration measurements XRF spectrometer employing Si(Li) detector

46. Gamma-Ray Measurements Fig. 2.3. A block diagram of electronics used for the γ-ray spectrometer employing NaI(Tl) or HPGe detector Detector Preamplifier Amplifier MCA Bias Supply For HPGe PC Low BG lead shield 10% HPGe Bias supply for NaI(Tl)

47. Results