Zakariya al-nuaimi was the first to define and name eosinophils in 1879 based on their staining and morphological characteristics. Eosinophils make up 1-6% of white blood cells, develop and mature in the bone marrow in response to cytokines, and help fight parasitic infections, allergies, and some viruses through the release of toxic granule proteins, reactive oxygen species, and other inflammatory mediators. An increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood above 500 cells per microliter is considered eosinophilia and can be caused by parasitic infections, allergic responses, cancers, connective tissue diseases, and certain drugs.
2. • Born in Strehlan germany in
1854
• 1878 doctorate in medicine –
thesis on staining of animal
tissues, differentiates mast cells
from plasma cells
• 1879 – defines and names the
eosinophil
• Establishes criteria based on cell
morphology, physiology and
pathology to classify hematolgic
malignancies
Paul Ehrlich
(1854-1915)
3. • make up about 1–6% of white
blood cells
• They are granulocytes
• are about 12–17 micrometres in
size
• Half-life of 8 to 18 hours in
bloodstream
• Tissue life span estimated at 2-5
days. but may be longer up to 14
days
4. • These cells are eosinophilic or
"acid-loving“ that causes them
to appear brick-red after staining
with eosin
• They are found in the medulla
and the junction between the
cortex and medulla of the
thymus, and, in the lower
gastrointestinal tract, ovary,
uterus, spleen, and lymph nodes
• but not in the lung, skin,
esophagus, or some other
internal organs under normal
conditions
5. • Eosinophils develop and
mature in the bone marrow
• They differentiate from
myeloid precursor cells
• in response to the cytokines
interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin
5 (IL-5)
• and granulocyte macrophage-
colony stimulating factor (GM-
CSF)
6. • They also fight helminth (worm)
colonization
• There are also eosinophils that
play a role in fighting viral
infections
• important mediators of allergic
responses and asthma
pathogenesis
• the abundance of RNases they
contain within their granules, and
in fibrin removal during
inflammation
7. • production of:
1. cationic granule proteins(proteins
possess neurotoxic, helmintho-toxic)
2. reactive oxygen species
3. lipid mediators like the eicosanoids from
the leukotriene (e.g., LTC4, LTD4,
LTE4) and prostaglandin (e.g., PGE2)
families
4. enzymes, such as elastase.
5. growth factors such as TGF beta, VEGF,
and PDGF
6. cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5,
IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, and TNF alpha
8.
9.
10. 1. P arasitic infection
2. A llergic response
3. N eoplasm
4. I diopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
5. C onnective tissue disease
An increase in eosinophils the presence of more than 500
eosinophils/microlitre of blood is called an eosinophilia
11. • people with a parasitic
infestation of the intestines,
• collagen vascular disease (such
as rheumatoid arthritis)
• malignant diseases such as
Hodgkin's disease
• extensive skin diseases (such as
exfoliative dermatitis)
• Addison's disease
• with the use of certain drugs
such as penicillin
• the most common cause for
eosinophilia is an allergic
condition such as asthma
