Rinkou (Colloquium) Presentation at MJIIT UTM on 24th April 2015. This presentation also serve as a sharing session on preparation for proposal defense presentation to new students.

1. Working Title:
A Model Development for E-Waste Management
System in Klang Valley Malaysia
By: Zaipul Anwar Zainu
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ahmad Rahman
Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi
RINKOU PRESENTATION
Sharing of experience and information

2. INTRODUCTION: What is E-Waste?
E-waste is defined as waste from electrical and
electronic assemblies containing components such
as accumulators, mercury-switches, glass from
cathode-ray tubes (CRT) and other activated glass
or PCB capacitors, or contaminated with cadmium,
mercury, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, lithium,
silver, manganese or PCB.
In other words E-waste contains various hazardous
components that is very harmful to the
environment if not handled or disposed properly.
Source: Department of Environment (DOE), 2011

3. Type of E-Waste
E-waste is referred to as all kind of
electric and electronic (EEE) appliances
that are discarded by users.
Easier to buy new EEE than to repair or
upgrade resulting in increase in e-waste.
Public awareness on e-waste is very poor.

4. Examples of E-Waste
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Sample of e-waste: PCB boards, wires & cables, monitor, computer,
flourescent lamp, washing machine, microwave, freezer, smartphones etc.

5. Classification of Solid Waste
In general, waste management involves
collection, transportation, segregation,
treatment and disposal of organic,
recyclable and inert waste. Waste are
treated by filling the land-site,
incineration, recycling and composting.
Waste (also known as
rubbish, trash, refuse,
garbage, junk, and litter) is
unwanted or useless
materials, which has lost its
value to its owner or does
not impose any economic
value.

6. Why E-waste? Fastest Growing waste stream
• Malaysia is facing a sharp increase amount of generated e-waste over the years.
• Malaysia is also exposed to the e-waste trading or smuggling activities due to its
location in the middle of the e-waste movement route.
• The increasing amount of e-waste generated in Malaysia is also coupled with e-
waste being imported from other countries.
• A quick search using Google Trends at http://google.com/trends showed
increasing interest and news about this issues.
Interest over time
Years
E-waste
Medical Waste
Industrial Waste
Municipal Waste
Trends Results:
Sharp
increase

7. Malaysia among top 5 nations in the world with
highest smartphone usage
Malaysia is one of the 5 countries around the globe where smartphone usage is higher
than computers. 51% of Malaysians use smartphones compared to the 39% that use
computers. China, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea are the other countries in
Asia that have the same trend according to survey done by Google at
http://consumerbarometer.com. And each user of smartphones in Malaysia in average
own 1.2 device/person
Consumer Barometer Result:

8. E-waste Generated in Malaysia
Future Projection for E-waste in Unit
Quantity in Malaysia for the Year
1981 - 2020.
(Source: Asia E-Waste Project, 2009).
Sharp
increase

9. Current Scenario
In 2013 the generation of e-waste in
Malaysia is about 800,000 tonnes and
forecasted to increase (about 5%
increase or more a year) to 1.11
million tonnes in 2020. E-waste now
is regarded as the most challenging
waste stream in the country. (Source:
Asia E-Waste Project, 2009).
Bulk of e-waste generated by
households and business
entities/institutions are NOT
collected by the DOE-licensed e-
waste contractors (The DOE-licensed
contractors mostly collect from
industrial facilities in a regulated
manner).

10. E-Waste Effects on Environment & Human Health
If e-waste is disposed in landfills,
the metal components will be lost
for future use. In addition, these
materials have also the potential
to leach out into landfills and will
contaminate the surface and
ground water
Nevertheless many of these products can
be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an
environmentally sound manner so that
they can become less harmful to the
environment.
Groundwater contamination from land-fill site

11. Rise of e-waste
in Malaysia
Laws &
Regulation
Technology Development
Affordable
Dependent
on EEE
Trends
Variety
choices
Easy to
purchase
No legal laws
No mandatory
requirement
Laws only for
industry no
laws for
household
No training
Poor Exposure
Lack of
awareness
Ignorance
Causes of rise of E-waste in Malaysia

12. Importance to Effectively Manage E-waste
Malaysia is also facing
problems with rapid
growth of domestic e-waste
volume. With the increasing
number of Malaysia’s
population living in urban
areas and adopting modern
lifestyle, the generation of
domestic e-waste is
expected to grow.
Other than the
increasing amount of e-
waste, another issue
regarding e-waste in
Malaysia is improper
disposal of e-waste and
illegal e-waste recycling.
These activities have the
potential to pollute the
environment and pose
significant health
hazard to the society.
Thus with all these
reasons it is very
important for the
country to quickly start
to find ways on how to
properly manage the e-
waste stream in order
to sustain the
environment and
healthy growth of the
country.

13. Current Practices on E-Waste Management
Products from the partial recovery facilities
are still considered as scheduled wastes and
need to be sent to the full recovery facilities.
Until June 2011, 152 e-waste recovery
facilities are licensed by DOE.
In Malaysia, E-waste has been listed
under the scheduled wastes, in the
Environmental Quality (Scheduled
Wastes) Regulations 2005, came into
force on 15 August 2005. But this law is
only applicable for industry not
household.
132 facilities are “partial recovery” and
another 20 facilities are “full recovery”.
In general, e-wastes from industries
and commercial centers are properly
collected and sent to the recovery
facilities, however no proper
collection system and law regarding
e-waste from household has been
established in Malaysia.

14. 14
State Partial
recovery
Full recovery
F.T. Kuala Lumpur 5 0
Johor 15 4
Kedah 15 1
Melaka 14 3
Negeri Sembilan 5 1
Perak 5 0
Pulau Pinang 39 7
Sarawak 7 0
Selangor 27 3
Total 132 20
Grand Total 152
Approved E-Waste Recovery Facilities in Malaysia, 2013

15. Approved Land-fill Sites in Malaysia, 2013
We already have too many land fill site, and many of
them have reached it’s useful life also. It is high time
for us to seriously think about recycling our waste
materials effectively.

16. 18
Legislation and Policy on E-Waste
In Malaysia, E-waste has been listed under the scheduled
wastes, in the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)
Regulations 2005, came into force on 15 August 2005.
With the inclusion of e-waste into the 2005 regulation, it
enables Malaysia to control illegal transboundary
movement of e-waste;
At the national level, all e-waste generators are required to
notify their e-waste generations to DOE. E-waste recovery
facilities are also required to obtain license from DOE to
carry out their recovery operations;
Residues from recovery operation must be disposed of at
premises approved by DOE.

17. Collection, segregation
and transportation of
household e-waste
Existing recycling facilities
are still not capable to
handle all types of e-waste
especially the bulky ones
(eg. air conditions,
refrigerators);
Capacity building to
manage household e-
waste in an
Environmentally Sound
Manner
Disposal/ collection fee for
household e-waste.
Take-back system.
Legislation and policy Transboundary movement
of e-waste
Managing the informal
sectors
Other Issues on E-Waste

18. Supporting system to assist in the management of household e-waste
management.
Establishment of proper household e-waste management system.
Specific legislation on Household E-waste. Disposal/Collection fee for
household e-waste
Hazardous content of e-waste and its harmfulness to environment.
Significant growth and increase in quantity of e-waste being disposed.
Summary of From Literature Reviews

19. Research Problem
The quantity e-waste being disposed in Malaysia has been consistently and significantly
increasing over the years as projected by Asia E-waste Project (2009) and reported by
United Nations Environmental Program (2010) and as further elaborated in Section 2.4
Improper disposal of household e-waste can cause severe environmental pollution such
as reported by Janz and Bilitewski (2008) and further elaborated in Section 2.5.
There is no separate legislation or policy between the industry and household e-waste
was found on the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005 by DoE
as explained in Section 1.2. Therefore a study need to be done on how to address
issues related to household e-waste as compared to industrial e-waste.
There is no proper household e-waste management system has been established in
Malaysia until today as reported by DoE's 2012 Annual Report and further elaborated in
Section 2.5.5.
There is no adaptation of information technology such as the establishment of take-
back system, optimisation analysis and reverse logistic system to assist in the collection
management of household e-waste in Malaysia as reported by Shumon et al., 2014 and
further elaborated in Section 2.6.4.

20. Research Objective
Development of a model for a sustainable collection,
recovery and recycling system for household e-waste in
Malaysia.
The focus of the research will be in
Klang Valley and the completed
research can be used and expanded to
contribute to nationwide collection
system.

21. Research Questions
How significant is the impact
of e-waste to our country if
there is no proper collection
system?
What are the major obstacles
or constraint to the success of
household e-waste collection
system in the country?
Which methodology and
resources are needed to
develop a successful
household e-waste collection
and treatment?
Who are the actors involved in
household e-waste collection
and management in Malaysia
and how significant are their
roles?
What are the incentives that
can be provided to promote
the proper management and
treatment of household e-
waste in Malaysia?
How various applications such
as management information
system application can be
used to assist in the e-waste
management system?

22. Conceptual Framework
Attribute
GLOBAL E-WASTE ENVIRONMENT
NATIONAL E-WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
KLANG VALLEY
INPUT
Delphi
Process
KLANG VALLEY
POLITICAL
ECONOMICAL
SOCIAL
TECHNOLOGICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
LEGAL
Model of E-waste
Management
System under
development
Qualitative Method
Case study approach
Delphi Process
* Case studies
* Successful system
* International guidelines
* Expert opinions
* Consumer feedback
Adaption of Information
Technology for development of
supporting system for e-waste
management.
Simulation of E-
waste Management
System model using
MIS application
New Model of E-Waste
Management System

23. Research Methodology: Qualitative Method
Research methodology chosen is
Qualitative Method. The main
aim in conducting this research
was to explore and develop an
effective and efficient e-waste
management system in the
country.
Qualitative method have the ability to produce a wealth of
detailed information, necessary if e-waste management is
to be investigated in an exploratory manner. Unlike
quantitative research methodology which does not
recognize individuality of research subjects or
respondents (and therefore may oversimplify the
complexities of interaction of actors of governance in the
case of this research); qualitative methodology recognizes
subjective ideas, experience and perspective of individual
respondents thus inducing the production of richer
insights and more precise generalisations.

24. Research Approach: Case Study Approach
Once the decision on research methodology has
been made, the next important decision is to arrive
at an appropriate research approach.
Creswell (2007) suggests five types of qualitative
research approach: narrative research,
phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and
case study. One way to decide on the right approach
is to assess the type of research questions posed.
Yin (2003) suggests that the case study approach is
the most appropriate approach when undertaking
research which asks mostly ‘how’ or ‘why’
questions.

25. Data Collection Method: Interview, Observation,
Document Review, Simulation
The next important step in research design is to decide
on the most appropriate data sources and data collection
methods. Having analysed the three main qualitative
methods namely interviews, observations and review of
documents plus doing a computer simulation models, I
decided to adopt all the four methods to address the
research questions, with interviewing and case study
being used as the main research tool.

26. Item DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
Organisation
selection
5 organisation/parties will be selected based on their
involvement in this area: DOE, PPSPPA, vendor/contractors,
local authorities (DBKL), selected waste generators
(consumers)
Team selection A panel assessment board of each or will determine
• one team/personnel working on e-waste related project
• one team/personnel working on related project such as
industrial waste for benchmark purpose
Collection of data 1. In-depth, structured and unstructured interview
2. Delphi Method
3. Non-participant observation
4. Document and report analysis
Data management
and simulation
Using Atlas.Ti & Mendeley
Using MIS application such as ERP with mobile apps integrated
Data security : password protected
Data privacy : agreement with responding companies
Details on Selection of Target Respondents

27. Delphi Method
Skulmoski, G., Hartman,
F., & Krahn, J. (2007).
The Delphi method for
graduate research.
Journal of Information
Technology Education:
Research, 6(1), 1-21.

28. Expected Research Outcome &
Contribution to Knowledge
The developed system is expected to be used
as a model to contribute to the nationwide
household e-waste collection system.
The developed system is expected to be used
as a guide for future commercial
development such as the establishment of a
fully modern e-waste recovery facilities in the
country.
The developed system is crucial to be
implemented for the sustainability of our
environmental and societal system.

29. Expected Limitations
Coverage of research scope is quite
wide compare to resources available.
Currently the author has been able to
acquire cooperation from Malaysia's
Department of Environment (DOE),
Waste Management Association of
Malaysia, Environmental Research
Association of Malaysia (ENSEARCH)
and a group of researchers in waste
management in Faculty of Engineering
University of Malaya to assist the
author with this research.
Funding for the research project. As
currently this research hasn’t received
any funding yet, the author expected
there would be shortcomings in
carrying out the research project.
Therefore a proposal to request
funding for this project will be initiated
once this research proposal has been
accepted.
The unavailability of ‘expert panel’
with regards to e-waste management
system since a comprehensive
implementation model has not been
established.

30. Conclusion
This research proposal explains the prevailing household e-waste
management scenario in Malaysia. All the main aspects are
considered, including the volume of e-waste generation, its
impact on the environment and economy, e-waste management
practices, electronic items’ end-user attitudes, e-waste collection
and recovery activities, and legislative responses.
This research will play a significant role in contributing to the
government effort to protect the environment exploring various
opportunities to bring about social and environmental benefit to
the local community.

31. Some Tips to Share on Proposal Defense
Can anyone point out any
mistake or do you have any
comments?
Visit http://pollev.com/zaipul
to provide your feedback.
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32. Did not clearly clarify the type of ‘Model’
to be develop
Model
Process
Simulations &
Optimisations?
Best practices
/ SOPs /
Manual?
Business
Model?
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33. Presented Research Methodology and
the Tools To Be Used
Research
Methodology
Qualitative Method
Approach: Case Study Data Collection
Interview,
Observation,
Documents Review,
Simulations
Delphi Method
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34. 37
Corrected Research Methodology And
The Tools To Be Used
Research
Methodology
Qualitative Method
Approach: Case Study Data Collection
Interview,
Observation,
Documents Review,
Simulations
Delphi Method Data Collection
Interview,
Observation,
Documents Review,

35. Some Other Tips..
Some other things to
consider when preparing
for your PD presentation
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36. Use ‘Presenter View’ and Scripts
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Use ‘Presenter View’ feature in Slide Show Menu in MS Power Point.
Use script, notes in PPT to avoid mumbling or panic. Don’t use other
presentation software without this features.

37. Write more than 100 pages and properly bind
your proposal with good cover page
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• Good first impressions.
• You’ll feel like you’re already halfway finishing your thesis. Yahoo!
Use ring binding instead
of comb binding
Ring binding
Comb binding

38. Make sure you use the correct format for
referencing such as APA format
Read this blog: http://blog.apastyle.org
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39. Use Smart Art in PowerPoint to enhance the
graphic presentations.
Example of choosing a SmartArt Graphics in PowerPoint
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40. Thank You
For Your
Attention.
An E-Waste Robot